不同品性冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性研究
|
摘要
为揭示冬小麦干物质积累过程的动态变化,利用不同品种冬小麦分期播种的灌浆速率资料,建立了Logistic模型,定量分析了不同播期条件下不同品性冬小麦的灌浆特性,并探讨了冬小麦灌浆特性对气象因子的响应情况。结果表明,籽粒灌浆质量与开花后天数的关系符合Logistic生长曲线方程。基于Logistic模型求算的各次级参数能够较好地表征冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性,半冬性品种较春性品种灌浆高峰期出现时间早;春性品种的粒重渐增期和粒重快增期持续时间一般长于半冬性品种的;半冬性品种的平均活跃灌浆期较春性品种的短;早播和正常播种条件下,春性品种最大和平均灌浆速率均高于半冬性品种的,而迟播条件下春性品种最大和平均灌浆速率均低于半冬性品种的,适期晚播更利于春性品种灌浆和千粒重增加。灌浆特性的变异系数分布总体呈春性品种大于半冬性品种的,表明播期对春性品种的影响更大。不同籽粒灌浆特性对气象因子的响应不同,其中孕穗—成熟期内的平均气温、孕穗—乳熟期内的降水量、播种—乳熟期内的日照时数与冬小麦灌浆特性相关密切,基于灌浆特性与气象因子建立的逐步回归方程决定系数为0.507～0.875,均通过了0.01的显著性检验。
In order to reveal the dynamic changes of winter wheat dry matter accumulation, using different varieties of winter wheat sowing grain filling rate data,a Logistic model was established to quantitatively analyze the grain filling characteristics of different varieties winter wheat under different sowing dates.The response of winter wheat grain filling characteristics to temperature was also discussed.The results showed that the relationship between grain filling quality and days after flowering accorded with Logistic growth curve equation.The secondary parameters based on Logistic model can better characterize the grain filling characteristics of winter wheat,semi-winter varieties than the spring varieties filling peak appeared early,the duration of increasing grain weight and rapid increase in grain weight period of the spring varieties were generally longer than that of the semi-winter varieties; the average active filling period was shorter of semi-winter varieties than spring varieties.Under the conditions of early sowing and normal sowing,the maximum and average filling rate of spring varieties was higher than that of semi-winter varieties, the maximum and average filling rate of semi-winter varieties under late sowing conditions was higher than that of the spring varieties.Suitable late sowing is more conducive to grain filling and 1000-grain weight increase in spring varieties.The variation coefficient of grain filling characteristics showed that the spring varieties were more than the semi-winter varieties,indicating that the sowing date had a greater impact on the spring varieties.Different grain filling characteristics have different responses to meteorological factors.The average temperature during the booting-maturation period, the precipitation during the booting-milk ripening period,and the sunshine duration during the sowing-milk ripening period are closely related to the grain filling characteristics of winter wheat.The gradual regression equation established by the filling characteristics and meteorological factors has a coefficient of determination between 0.507 and 0.875,and both pass the significance test of 0.01 level.
In order to reveal the dynamic changes of winter wheat dry matter accumulation, using different varieties of winter wheat sowing grain filling rate data,a Logistic model was established to quantitatively analyze the grain filling characteristics of different varieties winter wheat under different sowing dates.The response of winter wheat grain filling characteristics to temperature was also discussed.The results showed that the relationship between grain filling quality and days after flowering accorded with Logistic growth curve equation.The secondary parameters based on Logistic model can better characterize the grain filling characteristics of winter wheat,semi-winter varieties than the spring varieties filling peak appeared early,the duration of increasing grain weight and rapid increase in grain weight period of the spring varieties were generally longer than that of the semi-winter varieties; the average active filling period was shorter of semi-winter varieties than spring varieties.Under the conditions of early sowing and normal sowing,the maximum and average filling rate of spring varieties was higher than that of semi-winter varieties, the maximum and average filling rate of semi-winter varieties under late sowing conditions was higher than that of the spring varieties.Suitable late sowing is more conducive to grain filling and 1000-grain weight increase in spring varieties.The variation coefficient of grain filling characteristics showed that the spring varieties were more than the semi-winter varieties,indicating that the sowing date had a greater impact on the spring varieties.Different grain filling characteristics have different responses to meteorological factors.The average temperature during the booting-maturation period, the precipitation during the booting-milk ripening period,and the sunshine duration during the sowing-milk ripening period are closely related to the grain filling characteristics of winter wheat.The gradual regression equation established by the filling characteristics and meteorological factors has a coefficient of determination between 0.507 and 0.875,and both pass the significance test of 0.01 level.
引文
[1]吴诗光,陈龙,殷贵鸿,等.灌浆期干旱对高产小麦某些生理生化特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2001(9):6-7.
[2]阴卫军,刘霞,倪大鹏,等.播期对优质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量构成的影响[J].山东农业科学,2005(5):16-18,22.
[3]周竹青,朱旭彤.不同粒重小麦品种(系)籽粒灌浆特性分析[J].华中农业大学学报,1999,18(2):107-110.
[4]张晓龙.小麦品种籽粒灌浆的研究[J].作物学报,1982,8(2):87-92.
[5]刘丰明,陈明灿,郭香风,等.高产小麦粒重形成的灌浆特性分析[J].麦类作物,1997,17(6):38-41.
[6]周强,李生荣,庞启华,等.四川盆地小麦品种间杂种F1代粒重与灌浆性状的关系[J].麦类作物学报,2003,23(4):23-27.
[7]赵薇,李贞,王谦,等.冬小麦灌浆期旗叶光曲线及叶绿素荧光参数研究[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):64-72.
[8]Yan D C,Zhu Y,Wang S H,et al.A quantitative knowledge-based modelfor designing suitable growth dynamics in rice[J].Plant Prod Sci,2006,9(2):93-105.
[9]韩雪,叶芝祥,孙凌,等.川东北地区大春季农业气候资源的年代际变化特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2009,29(4):34-39.
[10]王胜,王毅荣.甘肃春小麦产量时空分布及其气候响应[J].干旱气象,2013,31(2):298-302.
[11]余会康,阮翠冰,陈小英,等.气候变化对闽东粮食产量影响分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(4):62-67.
[12]温红霞,高岭巍,马飞,等.播期对不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):41-44.
[13]刘海红,于志青,毕建杰,等.干旱与灌溉处理对冬小麦冠层内光分布的影响[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(3):38-43.
[14]段晓凤,刘静,张晓煜,等.基于旱灾指数的宁夏小麦产量分析[J].干旱气象,2012,30(1):71-76.
[15]杨沈斌,陈德,王萌萌,等.ORYZA2000模型与水稻群体茎蘖动态模型的耦合[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(4):422-430.
[16]郭建茂,吴越,杨沈斌,等.典型高温年不同播期一季稻产量差异及其原因分析[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(2):121-130.
[17]王喜梅,王克如,王楷,等.播期对高产玉米(15000 kg/hm2)群体籽粒灌浆特征的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2013,31(5):556-560.
[18]李苗苗,张艳玲.夏玉米开花至灌浆期连阴雨天气对植株性状及产量结构的影响[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):88-92.
[19]王芳,刘宏举,邬定荣,等.近30年华北平原冬小麦有效积温的变化[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(2):20-27.
[20]王春玲,申双和,王润元,等.中原地区地温对冬小麦发育期、生长量和产量的影响[J].干旱气象,2012,30(1):66-70.
[21]崔秀珍,黄中文,薛香,等.试验统计分析[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2013:242-244.
[22]韩占江,郜庆炉,吴玉娥,等.小麦籽粒灌浆参数变异及粒重的相关性分析[J].种子,2008,27(6):27-30.
[23]王信理.在作物干物质积累的动态模拟中如何合理运用Logistic方程[J].农业气象,1986(1):14-19.
[24]国家气象局.农业气象观测规范(上卷)[M].北京:气象出版社,1993:31.
[25]方文松,王秀萍,成林.郑州地区冬小麦水分利用效率变化及其气温变化响应[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(2):1-6.
[26]丁旭,赖欣,范广洲.中国不同气候区土壤湿度特征及其气候响应[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(4):28-35.
[27]李海花,侯彦琴,李新建,等.1980-2011年阿勒泰市光热资源变化对春小麦发育期的影响[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(6):60-65.
[28]单新兰,苏占胜,张智,等.宁夏山区春季降水对冬小麦生长发育的影响[J].干旱气象,2012,30(3):426-431.
[29]余卫东.冬小麦拔节期灌溉防霜冻效果研究[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(2):11-17.
[30]李元华,王文,张梅,等.河北省冬小麦生育期热量资源变化分析[J].干旱气象,2013,31(1):49-55.
[31]张杰,冯晓,臧贺藏,等.河南省冬小麦生产水足迹时空特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(2):33-38.
[2]阴卫军,刘霞,倪大鹏,等.播期对优质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量构成的影响[J].山东农业科学,2005(5):16-18,22.
[3]周竹青,朱旭彤.不同粒重小麦品种(系)籽粒灌浆特性分析[J].华中农业大学学报,1999,18(2):107-110.
[4]张晓龙.小麦品种籽粒灌浆的研究[J].作物学报,1982,8(2):87-92.
[5]刘丰明,陈明灿,郭香风,等.高产小麦粒重形成的灌浆特性分析[J].麦类作物,1997,17(6):38-41.
[6]周强,李生荣,庞启华,等.四川盆地小麦品种间杂种F1代粒重与灌浆性状的关系[J].麦类作物学报,2003,23(4):23-27.
[7]赵薇,李贞,王谦,等.冬小麦灌浆期旗叶光曲线及叶绿素荧光参数研究[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):64-72.
[8]Yan D C,Zhu Y,Wang S H,et al.A quantitative knowledge-based modelfor designing suitable growth dynamics in rice[J].Plant Prod Sci,2006,9(2):93-105.
[9]韩雪,叶芝祥,孙凌,等.川东北地区大春季农业气候资源的年代际变化特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2009,29(4):34-39.
[10]王胜,王毅荣.甘肃春小麦产量时空分布及其气候响应[J].干旱气象,2013,31(2):298-302.
[11]余会康,阮翠冰,陈小英,等.气候变化对闽东粮食产量影响分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(4):62-67.
[12]温红霞,高岭巍,马飞,等.播期对不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):41-44.
[13]刘海红,于志青,毕建杰,等.干旱与灌溉处理对冬小麦冠层内光分布的影响[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(3):38-43.
[14]段晓凤,刘静,张晓煜,等.基于旱灾指数的宁夏小麦产量分析[J].干旱气象,2012,30(1):71-76.
[15]杨沈斌,陈德,王萌萌,等.ORYZA2000模型与水稻群体茎蘖动态模型的耦合[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(4):422-430.
[16]郭建茂,吴越,杨沈斌,等.典型高温年不同播期一季稻产量差异及其原因分析[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(2):121-130.
[17]王喜梅,王克如,王楷,等.播期对高产玉米(15000 kg/hm2)群体籽粒灌浆特征的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2013,31(5):556-560.
[18]李苗苗,张艳玲.夏玉米开花至灌浆期连阴雨天气对植株性状及产量结构的影响[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):88-92.
[19]王芳,刘宏举,邬定荣,等.近30年华北平原冬小麦有效积温的变化[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(2):20-27.
[20]王春玲,申双和,王润元,等.中原地区地温对冬小麦发育期、生长量和产量的影响[J].干旱气象,2012,30(1):66-70.
[21]崔秀珍,黄中文,薛香,等.试验统计分析[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2013:242-244.
[22]韩占江,郜庆炉,吴玉娥,等.小麦籽粒灌浆参数变异及粒重的相关性分析[J].种子,2008,27(6):27-30.
[23]王信理.在作物干物质积累的动态模拟中如何合理运用Logistic方程[J].农业气象,1986(1):14-19.
[24]国家气象局.农业气象观测规范(上卷)[M].北京:气象出版社,1993:31.
[25]方文松,王秀萍,成林.郑州地区冬小麦水分利用效率变化及其气温变化响应[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(2):1-6.
[26]丁旭,赖欣,范广洲.中国不同气候区土壤湿度特征及其气候响应[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(4):28-35.
[27]李海花,侯彦琴,李新建,等.1980-2011年阿勒泰市光热资源变化对春小麦发育期的影响[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(6):60-65.
[28]单新兰,苏占胜,张智,等.宁夏山区春季降水对冬小麦生长发育的影响[J].干旱气象,2012,30(3):426-431.
[29]余卫东.冬小麦拔节期灌溉防霜冻效果研究[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(2):11-17.
[30]李元华,王文,张梅,等.河北省冬小麦生育期热量资源变化分析[J].干旱气象,2013,31(1):49-55.
[31]张杰,冯晓,臧贺藏,等.河南省冬小麦生产水足迹时空特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(2):33-38.