耦合目标近场散射外推技术研究
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摘要
针对具有多次散射的耦合目标在不满足远场条件下测量的散射方向图发生畸变的问题,通过分析耦合目标的近场-远场转换关系,提出一种"多发多收"模式的近场散射外推方法.在获得全角域的近场双站信息后,对各角度近场接收的散射数据进行外推处理,然后根据互易定理,将外推后的数据等效为"远场发射、近场接收"数据.接下来对该数据再进行一次外推,满足"远场发射、远场接收"的条件,最后取出对角线上的元素获得各角度的远场RCS(Radar Cross Section,RCS).通过建立存在强耦合机制的二面角和腔体结构模型,利用FEKO和MATLAB软件对方法进行仿真,将"多发多收"外推的结果与远场RCS进行比对.结果表明:该方法得到的结果与远场RCS方向图吻合良好,全角域均值误差小于1dB,验证了方法的有效性.
In allusion to the problem that the scattering pattern of coupled target is distorted under the conditions of distance not satisfy the far field. By analyzing the relationship between near-field and far-field of coupling targets,an extrapolation method of "multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiving"is proposed. Firstly,the bistatic data of near-field at each angles are measured and extrapolated. Then the extrapolated data can be equivalent to"far-field transmitting,near-field receiving"data by the reciprocity theorem. Secondly,these data should be extrapolated again due to meet the "far-field transmitter,far-field receiving"conditions. Finally,diagonal elements is selescted to be the monostatic radar cross section( RCS) at each angles. By creating a dihedral angle model which has strong coupling mechanisms,through the simulation with FEKO and MATLAB,the far-field RCS is compared with the result of extrapolation by multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiving. The results obtained by this method show a good agreement with the RCS of the far-field,and the average error is less than 1dB,which verifies the method is effectiveness.
In allusion to the problem that the scattering pattern of coupled target is distorted under the conditions of distance not satisfy the far field. By analyzing the relationship between near-field and far-field of coupling targets,an extrapolation method of "multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiving"is proposed. Firstly,the bistatic data of near-field at each angles are measured and extrapolated. Then the extrapolated data can be equivalent to"far-field transmitting,near-field receiving"data by the reciprocity theorem. Secondly,these data should be extrapolated again due to meet the "far-field transmitter,far-field receiving"conditions. Finally,diagonal elements is selescted to be the monostatic radar cross section( RCS) at each angles. By creating a dihedral angle model which has strong coupling mechanisms,through the simulation with FEKO and MATLAB,the far-field RCS is compared with the result of extrapolation by multiple-transmitter and multiple-receiving. The results obtained by this method show a good agreement with the RCS of the far-field,and the average error is less than 1dB,which verifies the method is effectiveness.
引文
[1]张福顺,焦永昌,马金平.辐射、散射近场测量及近场成像技术的研究进展[J].西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(5):651-656.Zhang Fu-shun,Jiao Yong-chang,Ma Jin-ping.The state of the art of near field techniques for radiation,targets scattering measurements and object imaging[J].Journal of Xidian University,1999,26(5):651-656.(in Chinese)
[2]张福顺,焦永昌,毛乃宏.天线近场测量的综述[J].电子学报,1997,25(9):74-77.Zhang Fu-shun,Jiao Yong-chang,Mao Nai-hong.An outline of near field antenna measurement[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,1997,25(9):74-77.(in Chinese)
[3]何国瑜,卢成才,洪家才,邓辉.电磁散射的计算和测量[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[4]D T Patis.Basic theory of probe-compensated near-field measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1978,26(3):373-379.
[5]B J Cown.Near-field scattering measurements for determining complex target RCS[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1989,37(5):576-585.
[6]S A Rice,I J La Haie.A partial rotation formulation of the circular near-field to far-field transformation(CNFFFT)[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2007,49(3):209-214.
[7]I J La Haie.Overview of an image-based technique for predicting far-field radar cross section from near-field measurement[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2003,45(6):159-169.
[8]O Andrey,K Hirokazu.An improved image-based circular near-field to far-field transformation[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2013,61(2):989-993.
[9]V Thomas,F E Thomas.Comparison and application of nearfield ISAR imaging techniques for far-field radar cross section determination[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(1):144-151.
[10]E V Lil,J D Bleser.On the efficient computation of nearfield radar cross sections[A].The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation[C].The Hague:IEEE,2014.1174-1177.
[11]O Tulgar,A Arifergin.Improved pencil back-projection method with image segmentation for far-field/near-field SAR imaging and RCS extraction[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2015,63(6):2572-2584.
[12]张晓苗.平面近场散射测量关键问题研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,1998.Zhang Xiao-miao.Study on Several Key Problems for Planar Near-field Scattering Measurements[D].Xi'an:Xidian University,1998.(in Chinese)
[13]张福顺,焦永昌,刘其中,毛乃宏.减小平面测量中多次反射误差的新方法[J].电子学报,2001,29(7):1003-1005.Zhang Fu-shun,Jiao Yong-chang,Liu Qi-zhong,Mao Naihong.New approach for reducing the multiple reflection errors in planar near-field measurement[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2001,29(7):1003-1005.(in Chinese)
[14]何国瑜,陈海波,苗俊刚,李志平.近场散射与远场RCS的链条关系[J].微波学报,2006,22(4):1-4.He Guo-yu,Chen Hai-bo,Miao Jun-gang,Li Zhi-ping.Chain relation of the near field scattering and far field RCS[J].Journal of Microwaves,2006,22(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[15]童广德,徐秀丽,李加亮.基于目标ISAR图像的RCS数据外推方法[J].制导与引信,2007,28(2):28-31.Tong Guang-de,Xu Xiu-li,Li Jia-liang.RCS data extrapolation technology based on target’s ISAR image[J].Guidance&Fuze,2007,28(2):28-31.(in Chinese)
[16]张麟兮,李南京,胡楚锋,李萍.雷达目标散射特性测试与成像诊断[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2009.
[17]O M Bucci,M D Migliore.Effective of 2-D monostatic radar cross sections from near-field measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(2):750-752.
[2]张福顺,焦永昌,毛乃宏.天线近场测量的综述[J].电子学报,1997,25(9):74-77.Zhang Fu-shun,Jiao Yong-chang,Mao Nai-hong.An outline of near field antenna measurement[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,1997,25(9):74-77.(in Chinese)
[3]何国瑜,卢成才,洪家才,邓辉.电磁散射的计算和测量[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[4]D T Patis.Basic theory of probe-compensated near-field measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1978,26(3):373-379.
[5]B J Cown.Near-field scattering measurements for determining complex target RCS[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1989,37(5):576-585.
[6]S A Rice,I J La Haie.A partial rotation formulation of the circular near-field to far-field transformation(CNFFFT)[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2007,49(3):209-214.
[7]I J La Haie.Overview of an image-based technique for predicting far-field radar cross section from near-field measurement[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2003,45(6):159-169.
[8]O Andrey,K Hirokazu.An improved image-based circular near-field to far-field transformation[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2013,61(2):989-993.
[9]V Thomas,F E Thomas.Comparison and application of nearfield ISAR imaging techniques for far-field radar cross section determination[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(1):144-151.
[10]E V Lil,J D Bleser.On the efficient computation of nearfield radar cross sections[A].The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation[C].The Hague:IEEE,2014.1174-1177.
[11]O Tulgar,A Arifergin.Improved pencil back-projection method with image segmentation for far-field/near-field SAR imaging and RCS extraction[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2015,63(6):2572-2584.
[12]张晓苗.平面近场散射测量关键问题研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,1998.Zhang Xiao-miao.Study on Several Key Problems for Planar Near-field Scattering Measurements[D].Xi'an:Xidian University,1998.(in Chinese)
[13]张福顺,焦永昌,刘其中,毛乃宏.减小平面测量中多次反射误差的新方法[J].电子学报,2001,29(7):1003-1005.Zhang Fu-shun,Jiao Yong-chang,Liu Qi-zhong,Mao Naihong.New approach for reducing the multiple reflection errors in planar near-field measurement[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2001,29(7):1003-1005.(in Chinese)
[14]何国瑜,陈海波,苗俊刚,李志平.近场散射与远场RCS的链条关系[J].微波学报,2006,22(4):1-4.He Guo-yu,Chen Hai-bo,Miao Jun-gang,Li Zhi-ping.Chain relation of the near field scattering and far field RCS[J].Journal of Microwaves,2006,22(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[15]童广德,徐秀丽,李加亮.基于目标ISAR图像的RCS数据外推方法[J].制导与引信,2007,28(2):28-31.Tong Guang-de,Xu Xiu-li,Li Jia-liang.RCS data extrapolation technology based on target’s ISAR image[J].Guidance&Fuze,2007,28(2):28-31.(in Chinese)
[16]张麟兮,李南京,胡楚锋,李萍.雷达目标散射特性测试与成像诊断[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2009.
[17]O M Bucci,M D Migliore.Effective of 2-D monostatic radar cross sections from near-field measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(2):750-752.