太湖近岸带草藻残体分解对水质的影响
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摘要
为探究蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)残体及其混合分解过程对水质的影响,在实验室进行了模拟实验,共设置B、C、D三个处理组,分别加入2 g蓝藻、2 g芦苇及蓝藻、芦苇各2 g,监测其分解过程中水体溶解氧(DO)、氧化还原电位(Eh)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等理化指标变化情况。结果表明:加入草藻残体后,水体DO和Eh迅速下降。蓝藻-芦苇混合分解组一直处于厌氧状态,水体Eh值最终稳定在-150 m V左右,水体具极强还原性;同时,厌氧强还原条件又加速了草藻残体分解过程,促进了营养盐向上覆水的释放,B、C、D组TN含量分别于实验第2 d、第7 d和第2 d达到峰值,是初始值的5倍、2倍和6倍,水体无机氮以NH+4-N为主;厌氧环境下,间隙水中磷酸盐向上覆水迁移转化以及沉积物中Fe-P的还原释放,使水体TP和Fe2+浓度升高,TP平均增长速率分别为0.38、0.10、0.52 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1),Fe2+最高浓度达到1.62 mg·L~(-1)。研究表明,蓝藻和芦苇在分解过程中会向水体中释放大量营养盐,引发"湖泛"或"黑水团"现象,加剧水体富营养化。因此,应当密切关注芦苇丛及近岸带漕沟等区域,避免引发水质快速恶化等问题。
Cyanobacteria and Phragmites australis from Lake Taihu were collected to simulate the influence of decomposition processes of higher aquatic plants and algae on water quality in the laboratory. Cyanobacteria, Phragmites australis, and cyanobacteria and Phragmites australis samples of 2 g each were arranged into groups B, C, and D, respectively, for three treatments to continuously monitor the concentra-tion variations of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP)and other physico-chemical parameters of water. Results showed that DO and Eh rapidly decreased after adding cyanobacteria and aquatic plants. The mixed decomposition group remained anaerobic throughout the experiment, and Eh values of the water body were finally stabilized at about-150 m V, suggesting that the water was in a strongly reducing state. Simultaneously, the strong anaerobic and reducing environments accelerated the decomposition of cyanobacteria and Phragmites australis, and promoted the release of nutrients to the overlying water. The TN contents of B, C, and D groups peaked on the 2 nd, 7 th, and 2 nd days, and their maximum concentrations were 5, 2 times, and 6 times that of the control, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen was dominated by NH+4-N. Under anaerobic conditions, the migration and transformation of phosphate from the interstitial water to the overlying water and the reduction of Fe-P in the sediments increased the concentrations of TP and Fe2+in the water. The average increasing rates of TP were 0.38,0.10 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1), and 0.52 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1), and the highest concentration of Fe2 +was 1.62 mg·L~(-1). These observations clarified that a large amount of nutrients was released during the decomposition processes of higher aquatic plants and algae, which intensified eutrophication.Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to reeds and the shoreline of eutrophic lakes to avoid rapid deterioration of water quality.
Cyanobacteria and Phragmites australis from Lake Taihu were collected to simulate the influence of decomposition processes of higher aquatic plants and algae on water quality in the laboratory. Cyanobacteria, Phragmites australis, and cyanobacteria and Phragmites australis samples of 2 g each were arranged into groups B, C, and D, respectively, for three treatments to continuously monitor the concentra-tion variations of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP)and other physico-chemical parameters of water. Results showed that DO and Eh rapidly decreased after adding cyanobacteria and aquatic plants. The mixed decomposition group remained anaerobic throughout the experiment, and Eh values of the water body were finally stabilized at about-150 m V, suggesting that the water was in a strongly reducing state. Simultaneously, the strong anaerobic and reducing environments accelerated the decomposition of cyanobacteria and Phragmites australis, and promoted the release of nutrients to the overlying water. The TN contents of B, C, and D groups peaked on the 2 nd, 7 th, and 2 nd days, and their maximum concentrations were 5, 2 times, and 6 times that of the control, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen was dominated by NH+4-N. Under anaerobic conditions, the migration and transformation of phosphate from the interstitial water to the overlying water and the reduction of Fe-P in the sediments increased the concentrations of TP and Fe2+in the water. The average increasing rates of TP were 0.38,0.10 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1), and 0.52 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1), and the highest concentration of Fe2 +was 1.62 mg·L~(-1). These observations clarified that a large amount of nutrients was released during the decomposition processes of higher aquatic plants and algae, which intensified eutrophication.Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to reeds and the shoreline of eutrophic lakes to avoid rapid deterioration of water quality.
引文
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[4]杨文斌,王国祥,王刚.菹草衰亡腐烂对水质持续性影响试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2010,10(2):90-92.YANG Wen-bin,WANG Guo-xiang,WANG Gang.Potamogetoncrispus experimental study of influence of decay on the decline of su stainable water quality[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2010,10(2):90-92.
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[6]Juliettel S,Gregl B,Paulv Z.A review of cyanobacterial odorous and bioactive metabolites:Impacts and management alternatives in aquaculture[J].Aquaculture,2008,280(1/2/3/4):5-20.
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[8]Feng Z Y,Fan C X,Huang W Y,et al.Microorganisms and typical organic matter responsible for lacustrine"black bloom"[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470/471:1-8.
[9]刘国锋,何俊,范成新,等.藻源性黑水团环境效应:对水-沉积物界面处Fe、Mn、S循环影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(11):2652-2660.LIU Guo-feng,HE Jun,FAN Cheng-xin,et al.Environment effects of algae-caused black spots:Impacts on Fe-Mn-S cycles in water-sediment interface[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(11):2652-2660.
[10]申秋实,邵世光,王兆德,等.风浪条件下太湖藻源性“湖泛”的消退及其水体恢复进程[J].科学通报,2012,57(12):1060-1066.SHEN Qiu-shi,SHAO Shi-guang,WANG Zhao-de,et al.Fade and recovery process of algae-induced black bloom in Lake Taihu under different wind conditions[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(12):1060-1066.
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[12]Rozan T F,Taillefert M,Trouwborst R E,et al.Iron-sulfur-phosphorus cycling in the sediments of a shallow coastal bay:Implications for sediment nutrient release and benthic macroalgal blooms[J].Limnology&Oceanography,2002,47(5):1346-1354.
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[14]尚丽霞,柯凡,李文朝,等.高密度蓝藻厌氧分解过程与污染物释放实验研究[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):47-54.SHANG Li-xia,KE Fan,LI Wen-zhao,et al.Laboratory research on the contaminants release during the anaerobic decomposition of highdensity cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(1):47-54.
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[16]戚美侠,王红萍,陈杰.冬、春季芦苇(Phragmites australis)和狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia)的腐解过程及其对水质的影响[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(2):420-429.QI Mei-xia,WANG Hong-ping,CHEN Jie.Decomposition of Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia and their effects on the water quality in winter and spring[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2017,29(2):420-429.
[17]叶春,王博,李春华,等.沉水植物黑藻腐解过程中营养盐释放过程[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2653-2659.YE Chun,WANG Bo,LI Chun-hua,et al.Nutrient release process during decomposition of submerged macrophytes(Hydrilla verticillata Royle)[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(10):2653-2659.
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