冲泻区形态动力学耦合模型研究Ⅰ:分段输沙率公式建立
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摘要
海岸泥沙运动的床面推移质输沙率公式多采用修正的单向流泥沙输运的计算公式,难以描述近岸带往复急变非恒定流作用下冲泻区床面泥沙运动规律及其力学机理。本文在总结分析3家冲泻区泥沙运动希尔兹参数修正公式的基础上,对比分析垂向流速、岸坡、渗流等因素对岸滩形态改变的影响,提出符合冲泻区水沙动力特征的瞬时希尔兹参数修正公式,确定了公式所含参数的计算方法,建立了表征冲泻区泥沙运动的推移质分段输沙率公式,并基于理论分析设计水槽实验对公式参数进行计算,拟合得到的分段参数L表征量位于低冲泻区和中冲泻区的衔接处。结果显示,分段进行冲泻区推移质输沙率的计算是可行的,为后续岸滩形态动力学模型的建立奠定了基础。
In the study of coastal sediment dynamics,the formula of sediment transport rate is mainly based on the unidirectional flow.Therefore,it is difficult to deeply analyze the characteristics of sediment movement and its relationship with the evolution of beach morphology in the swash zone under reciprocating rapid unsteady flow.Based on the analysis of three formulas describing the Shields parameters of swash movement in swash zone,this paper analyzes the influence of vertical velocity,beach slope and seepage on the beach profile change.Moreover,an instantaneous Shields parameter correction formula that conforms to the dynamic characteristics of flow and sediment in the swash zone is proposed,and the calculation method of each parameter in the formula is determined.On this basis,the segmented formula of bedload transport rate for describing the sediment movement in swash zone is established.Based on the theoretical analysis and flume experiment,the formula parameters are calculated and the fitting parameter n is obtained,which should be located in the transition section of the lower and the middle swash zone.The results show that it is feasible to calculate the bedload transport rate by using sub-regional calculation,which lays the foundation for the establishment of beach morphodynamics model.
In the study of coastal sediment dynamics,the formula of sediment transport rate is mainly based on the unidirectional flow.Therefore,it is difficult to deeply analyze the characteristics of sediment movement and its relationship with the evolution of beach morphology in the swash zone under reciprocating rapid unsteady flow.Based on the analysis of three formulas describing the Shields parameters of swash movement in swash zone,this paper analyzes the influence of vertical velocity,beach slope and seepage on the beach profile change.Moreover,an instantaneous Shields parameter correction formula that conforms to the dynamic characteristics of flow and sediment in the swash zone is proposed,and the calculation method of each parameter in the formula is determined.On this basis,the segmented formula of bedload transport rate for describing the sediment movement in swash zone is established.Based on the theoretical analysis and flume experiment,the formula parameters are calculated and the fitting parameter n is obtained,which should be located in the transition section of the lower and the middle swash zone.The results show that it is feasible to calculate the bedload transport rate by using sub-regional calculation,which lays the foundation for the establishment of beach morphodynamics model.
引文
[1]蒋昌波,邓斌,胡世雄,等.冲泻区水动力特性的数值分析[J].中国科学(技术科学),2013(12):1328-1337.
[2]陈杰,蒋昌波,刘虎英,等.潜堤对破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性影响数值分析[J].水科学进展,2011,22(3):382-390.
[3] MORENO M,FERRERO T J,GRANELLI V,et al. Across shore variability and trophodynamic features of meiofauna in a microtidal beach of the NW Mediterranean[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,66(3):357-367.
[4] ELFRINK B,BALDOCK T. Hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the swash zone:a review and perspectives[J]. Coastal Engineering,2002,45(3):149-167.
[5] BROCCHINI M,BALDOCK T E. Recent advances in modeling swash zone dynamics:Influence of surf-swash interaction on nearshore hydrodynamics and morphodynamics[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,2008,46(3):029/2006RG000215.
[6] SOULSBY R L,DAMGAARD J S. Bedload sediment transport in coastal waters[J]. Coastal Engineering,2005,52(8):673-689.
[7] AAGAARD T,HUGHES M G. Breaker turbulence and sediment suspension in the surf zone[J]. Marine geology,2010,271(3):250-259.
[8] HORN D P,MASON T. Swash zone sediment transport modes[J]. Marine Geology,1994,120(3):309-325.
[9] NIELSEN P. Shear Stress and Sediment Transport Calculations for Swash Zone Modeling[J]. Coastal Engineering,2002,45:53-60.
[10] BUTT T,RUSSELL P E,MILES J,et al. Sediment transport processes in the swash zone of sandy beaches[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2007,50:636-640.
[11] MASSELINK G,HUGHES M. Field investigation of sediment transport in the swash zone[J]. Continental Shelf Research,1998,18(10):1179-1199.
[12] PULEO J A,BEACH R A,HOLMAN R A,et al. Swash zone sediment suspension and transport and the importance of bore-generated turbulence[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans(1978-2012),2000,105(C7):17021-17044.
[13] MASSELINK G,RUSSELL P. Flow velocities,sediment transport and morphological change in the swash zone of two contrasting beaches[J]. Marine Geology,2006,227(3):227-240.
[14] SUMER B M,SEN M B,KARAGALI I,et al. Flow and sediment transport induced by a plunging solitary wave[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,116,C01008,doi:10.1029/2010JC006435.
[15] BARNES M P,BALDOCK T E. Direct bed shear stress measurements in laboratory swash[J]. Journal of Coastal Research SI,2007,50:641-645.
[16] MASSELINK G,EVANS D,HUGHES M G,et al. Suspended sediment transport in the swash zone of a dissipative beach[J]. Marine Geology,2005,216(3):169-189.
[17] MASSELINK G,PULEO J A. Swash-zone morphodynamics[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2006,26(5):661-680.
[18]陆彦,陆永军,李寿千.渗流边界上推移质输沙率[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):215-221.
[19] Meyer-Peter E,MüLLER R. Formulas for bed-load transport[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the International Association for Hydraulic Structures Research. 1948:39-64.
[20] BAKHTYAR R,BARRY D A,LI L,et al. Modeling sediment transport in the swash zone:A review[J]. Ocean Engineering,2009,36(9):767-783.
[21] ALFADHLI I,YANG S Q,SIVAKUMAR M. Influence of Vertical Motion on Initiation of Sediment Movement[J]. Journal of Water Resource and Protection,2014,(6):1666-1681.
[22] BUTT T,RUSSELL P,TURNER I. The influence of swash infiltration-exfiltration on beach face sediment transport:onshore or offshore?[J]. Coastal Engineering,2001,42(1):35-52.
[23] WATTERS G Z,RAO M V P. Hydrodynamic effects of seepage on bed particles[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1971,97(3):421-439.
[24] LIU H. A Simple empirical model for shields parameter estimation in the swash zone[C]//Coastal Dynamics,2013:1105-1114.
[25] NIELSEN P. Coastal groundwater dynamics[C]//Coastal dynamics’97,ASCE,1997:546-555.
[26] TURNER I L,MASSELINK G. Swash infiltration-exfiltration and sediment transport[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans(1978-2012),1998,103(C13):30813-30824.
[27] PULEO J A,BLENKINSOPP C,CONLEY D,et al. Comprehensive field study of swash-zone processes. I:Experimental design with examples of hydrodynamic and sediment transport measurements[J]. Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2013,140(1):14-28.
[28] MICKLEY H S,ROSS R C,SQUYERS A L,et al. Heat,mass and momentum transfer over a flat plate with blowing or suction[R]. Tech. Note 3208,Nat. Adv. Comm. On Aeronaut.,Washington,D.C.,149,1954.
[29] O'DONOGHUE T,POKRAJAC D,HONDEBRINK L J. Laboratory and numerical study of dambreak-generated swash on impermeable slopes[J]. Coastal Engineering,2010,57(5):513-530.
[30] KIKKERT G A,O'DONOGHUE T,POKRAJAC D,et al. Experimental study of bore-driven swash hydrodynamics on impermeable rough slopes[J]. Coastal Engineering,2012,60:149-166.
[31] BEAR J. Dynamics of Fuids in Porous Media[M]. Eisevier,New York,1972.
[32] HUGHES M G. Friction factors for wave uprush[J]. Journal of Coastal Research,1995,11(4):1089-1098.
[33] PULEO J A,HOLLAND K T. Estimating swash zone friction coefficients on a sandy beach[J]. Coastal Engineering,2001,43(1):25-40.
[34] NIELSEN P. Coastal Bottom Boundary Layers and Sediment Transport[M]. World Scientific,1992.
[35] BARNES M P,O'DONOGHUE T,ALSINA J M,et al. Direct bed shear stress measurements in bore-driven swash[J]. Coastal Engineering,2009,56(8):853-867.
[36]邓斌.冲泻区水动力特性及岸滩响应机制研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2014.
[37] VAN RIJN L C. Sediment transport,part I:bed load transport[J]. Journal of hydraulic engineering,1984,110(10):1431-1456.
[38] HSU T J,RAUBENHEIMER B. A numerical and field study on inner-surf and swash sediment transport[J].Continental Shelf Research,2006,26(5):589-598.
[39] KELLY D M. Bore-driven swash on a mobile beach[D]. School of Civil Engineering,University of Nottingham,Nottingham,UK,2009.
[40] ZHU F. 1D morphodynamical modelling of swash zone beachface evolution[D]. University of Nottingham,2012.
[41] SOULSBY R. Dynamics of Marine Sands:a Manual for Practical Applications[M]. Thomas Telford,1997.
[42] PRITCHARD D,HOGG A J. On the transport of suspended sediment by a swash event on a plane beach[J].Coastal Engineering,2005,52(1):1-23.
[2]陈杰,蒋昌波,刘虎英,等.潜堤对破碎区至冲泻区水动力特性影响数值分析[J].水科学进展,2011,22(3):382-390.
[3] MORENO M,FERRERO T J,GRANELLI V,et al. Across shore variability and trophodynamic features of meiofauna in a microtidal beach of the NW Mediterranean[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,66(3):357-367.
[4] ELFRINK B,BALDOCK T. Hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the swash zone:a review and perspectives[J]. Coastal Engineering,2002,45(3):149-167.
[5] BROCCHINI M,BALDOCK T E. Recent advances in modeling swash zone dynamics:Influence of surf-swash interaction on nearshore hydrodynamics and morphodynamics[J]. Reviews of Geophysics,2008,46(3):029/2006RG000215.
[6] SOULSBY R L,DAMGAARD J S. Bedload sediment transport in coastal waters[J]. Coastal Engineering,2005,52(8):673-689.
[7] AAGAARD T,HUGHES M G. Breaker turbulence and sediment suspension in the surf zone[J]. Marine geology,2010,271(3):250-259.
[8] HORN D P,MASON T. Swash zone sediment transport modes[J]. Marine Geology,1994,120(3):309-325.
[9] NIELSEN P. Shear Stress and Sediment Transport Calculations for Swash Zone Modeling[J]. Coastal Engineering,2002,45:53-60.
[10] BUTT T,RUSSELL P E,MILES J,et al. Sediment transport processes in the swash zone of sandy beaches[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2007,50:636-640.
[11] MASSELINK G,HUGHES M. Field investigation of sediment transport in the swash zone[J]. Continental Shelf Research,1998,18(10):1179-1199.
[12] PULEO J A,BEACH R A,HOLMAN R A,et al. Swash zone sediment suspension and transport and the importance of bore-generated turbulence[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans(1978-2012),2000,105(C7):17021-17044.
[13] MASSELINK G,RUSSELL P. Flow velocities,sediment transport and morphological change in the swash zone of two contrasting beaches[J]. Marine Geology,2006,227(3):227-240.
[14] SUMER B M,SEN M B,KARAGALI I,et al. Flow and sediment transport induced by a plunging solitary wave[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,116,C01008,doi:10.1029/2010JC006435.
[15] BARNES M P,BALDOCK T E. Direct bed shear stress measurements in laboratory swash[J]. Journal of Coastal Research SI,2007,50:641-645.
[16] MASSELINK G,EVANS D,HUGHES M G,et al. Suspended sediment transport in the swash zone of a dissipative beach[J]. Marine Geology,2005,216(3):169-189.
[17] MASSELINK G,PULEO J A. Swash-zone morphodynamics[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2006,26(5):661-680.
[18]陆彦,陆永军,李寿千.渗流边界上推移质输沙率[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):215-221.
[19] Meyer-Peter E,MüLLER R. Formulas for bed-load transport[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the International Association for Hydraulic Structures Research. 1948:39-64.
[20] BAKHTYAR R,BARRY D A,LI L,et al. Modeling sediment transport in the swash zone:A review[J]. Ocean Engineering,2009,36(9):767-783.
[21] ALFADHLI I,YANG S Q,SIVAKUMAR M. Influence of Vertical Motion on Initiation of Sediment Movement[J]. Journal of Water Resource and Protection,2014,(6):1666-1681.
[22] BUTT T,RUSSELL P,TURNER I. The influence of swash infiltration-exfiltration on beach face sediment transport:onshore or offshore?[J]. Coastal Engineering,2001,42(1):35-52.
[23] WATTERS G Z,RAO M V P. Hydrodynamic effects of seepage on bed particles[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1971,97(3):421-439.
[24] LIU H. A Simple empirical model for shields parameter estimation in the swash zone[C]//Coastal Dynamics,2013:1105-1114.
[25] NIELSEN P. Coastal groundwater dynamics[C]//Coastal dynamics’97,ASCE,1997:546-555.
[26] TURNER I L,MASSELINK G. Swash infiltration-exfiltration and sediment transport[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans(1978-2012),1998,103(C13):30813-30824.
[27] PULEO J A,BLENKINSOPP C,CONLEY D,et al. Comprehensive field study of swash-zone processes. I:Experimental design with examples of hydrodynamic and sediment transport measurements[J]. Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,2013,140(1):14-28.
[28] MICKLEY H S,ROSS R C,SQUYERS A L,et al. Heat,mass and momentum transfer over a flat plate with blowing or suction[R]. Tech. Note 3208,Nat. Adv. Comm. On Aeronaut.,Washington,D.C.,149,1954.
[29] O'DONOGHUE T,POKRAJAC D,HONDEBRINK L J. Laboratory and numerical study of dambreak-generated swash on impermeable slopes[J]. Coastal Engineering,2010,57(5):513-530.
[30] KIKKERT G A,O'DONOGHUE T,POKRAJAC D,et al. Experimental study of bore-driven swash hydrodynamics on impermeable rough slopes[J]. Coastal Engineering,2012,60:149-166.
[31] BEAR J. Dynamics of Fuids in Porous Media[M]. Eisevier,New York,1972.
[32] HUGHES M G. Friction factors for wave uprush[J]. Journal of Coastal Research,1995,11(4):1089-1098.
[33] PULEO J A,HOLLAND K T. Estimating swash zone friction coefficients on a sandy beach[J]. Coastal Engineering,2001,43(1):25-40.
[34] NIELSEN P. Coastal Bottom Boundary Layers and Sediment Transport[M]. World Scientific,1992.
[35] BARNES M P,O'DONOGHUE T,ALSINA J M,et al. Direct bed shear stress measurements in bore-driven swash[J]. Coastal Engineering,2009,56(8):853-867.
[36]邓斌.冲泻区水动力特性及岸滩响应机制研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2014.
[37] VAN RIJN L C. Sediment transport,part I:bed load transport[J]. Journal of hydraulic engineering,1984,110(10):1431-1456.
[38] HSU T J,RAUBENHEIMER B. A numerical and field study on inner-surf and swash sediment transport[J].Continental Shelf Research,2006,26(5):589-598.
[39] KELLY D M. Bore-driven swash on a mobile beach[D]. School of Civil Engineering,University of Nottingham,Nottingham,UK,2009.
[40] ZHU F. 1D morphodynamical modelling of swash zone beachface evolution[D]. University of Nottingham,2012.
[41] SOULSBY R. Dynamics of Marine Sands:a Manual for Practical Applications[M]. Thomas Telford,1997.
[42] PRITCHARD D,HOGG A J. On the transport of suspended sediment by a swash event on a plane beach[J].Coastal Engineering,2005,52(1):1-23.