天津独流减河河口不同植物群落的生态化学计量学特征
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摘要
以独流减河河口及其潮上带区域的互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Loisel.)、芦苇[Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin. ex Steud.]和盐地碱蓬[Suaeda salsa (Linn.) Pall.]群落为研究对象,探究该区域不同植物群落碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、硫(S)化学计量学特征及其驱动因素.结果显示,互花米草和芦苇地上部分C含量显著高于盐地碱蓬,而根系中的C含量则反之,显示了植物不同的C分配策略. N、P主要分布在植物地上部分光合器官,N含量与全国湿地植物和全球植物的含量水平相当,但P含量显著高于全国湿地植物和全球植物的含量. S在芦苇和盐地碱蓬体内主要分布在地上部分,而互花米草的S则主要分布在根系中,这有利于互花米草拓展地下空间,从而加速其入侵.互花米草的C/P和芦苇的C/N均显著高于其他植物,说明前者具有较高的P利用效率,而后者的N利用效率较高.河口潮上带芦苇和盐地碱蓬叶片N/P分别为7.32和8.90,而潮间带互花米草叶片N/P为14.45,根据生长速率假说,认为生长速率并不是互花米草与芦苇和盐地碱蓬竞争的有效手段,而高的P利用效率为互花米草种群的扩张创造了条件.相关性分析表明,在独流减河河口地区土壤P和盐度是植物体内元素平衡和生态化学计量变化的重要影响因子.综上,天津独流减河河口湿地正经历着由N限制向P限制的转变,P元素在该区域植物生长和演替方面起着重要作用.(图5表2参36)
To elucidate plant community succession and stoichiometric balance in estuarine and coastal wetlands under nutrient limiting conditions, the carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and sulfur(S) stoichiometry and their potential drivers for different plant communities in the Duliujian River estuary were studied. The concentrations of C, N, P, and S in different organs(leaf, stem, and root) of Suaeda salsa(Linn.) Pall, Phragmites australis(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Spartina alterniflora Loisel., and environmental factors of soil C, soil N, soil P, soil S, salinity, and pH in the surface soil(0–10 cm) were determined.The results showed that the content of C in the aerial organs of S. alterniflora and P. australis were significantly higher than that in S. salsa, but the opposite occurred in the root, indicating the different carbon allocation strategies for these plants. N and P were mainly distributed in the aerial photosynthetic organs of plants. The contents of N in the Duliujian River estuary was almost equivalent to that of the vegetation in global and wetland vegetation in China, but the contents of P in the Duliujian River estuary were significantly higher than that of global wetlands or those in vegetation in China. S was mainly distributed in the aerial organs in S. salsa and P. communis, whereas distributed in the roots of S. alterniflora, indicating that S was conducive in the promotion of the mutual flowering and the acceleration of the their invasion. The C/P ratio for S. alterniflora was highest and the C/N ratio for P. communis was the highest, suggesting that S. alterniflora had higher P use efficiency and P.communis had higher N use efficiency. In the leaf, the N/P ratios of P. communis and S. salsa in the Supra tidal zone were 7.32 and 8.90, respectively, but the that of S. alterniflora in the intertidal zone was 14.45. According to the Growth Rate Hypothesis,the growth rate was not an effective means of competition between S. alterniflora and P. australis and S. salsa. However, the higher N use efficiency accelerated the invasion of S. alterniflora. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis indicated that soil P and salinity were important factors affecting the elemental balance in plants and stoichiometry changes in the Duliujian River estuary. We conclude that the Duliujian River estuary is being transformed from N limitation to P limitation. The P element plays an important role in plant growth and succession in this area.
To elucidate plant community succession and stoichiometric balance in estuarine and coastal wetlands under nutrient limiting conditions, the carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and sulfur(S) stoichiometry and their potential drivers for different plant communities in the Duliujian River estuary were studied. The concentrations of C, N, P, and S in different organs(leaf, stem, and root) of Suaeda salsa(Linn.) Pall, Phragmites australis(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Spartina alterniflora Loisel., and environmental factors of soil C, soil N, soil P, soil S, salinity, and pH in the surface soil(0–10 cm) were determined.The results showed that the content of C in the aerial organs of S. alterniflora and P. australis were significantly higher than that in S. salsa, but the opposite occurred in the root, indicating the different carbon allocation strategies for these plants. N and P were mainly distributed in the aerial photosynthetic organs of plants. The contents of N in the Duliujian River estuary was almost equivalent to that of the vegetation in global and wetland vegetation in China, but the contents of P in the Duliujian River estuary were significantly higher than that of global wetlands or those in vegetation in China. S was mainly distributed in the aerial organs in S. salsa and P. communis, whereas distributed in the roots of S. alterniflora, indicating that S was conducive in the promotion of the mutual flowering and the acceleration of the their invasion. The C/P ratio for S. alterniflora was highest and the C/N ratio for P. communis was the highest, suggesting that S. alterniflora had higher P use efficiency and P.communis had higher N use efficiency. In the leaf, the N/P ratios of P. communis and S. salsa in the Supra tidal zone were 7.32 and 8.90, respectively, but the that of S. alterniflora in the intertidal zone was 14.45. According to the Growth Rate Hypothesis,the growth rate was not an effective means of competition between S. alterniflora and P. australis and S. salsa. However, the higher N use efficiency accelerated the invasion of S. alterniflora. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis indicated that soil P and salinity were important factors affecting the elemental balance in plants and stoichiometry changes in the Duliujian River estuary. We conclude that the Duliujian River estuary is being transformed from N limitation to P limitation. The P element plays an important role in plant growth and succession in this area.
引文
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27聂兰琴,吴琴,尧波,付姗,胡启武.鄱阳湖湿地优势植物叶片-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1898-1906[Nie LQ,Wu Q,Yao B,Fu S,Hu QW.Leaf litter and soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus stoichiometry of dominant plant species in the Poyang Lake wetland[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2016,36(7):1898-1906]
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35李虎,廖丹,苏建强,黄福义,洪有为.外来种互花米草根内细菌多样性及功能[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(5):856-862[Li H,Liao D,Su JQ,Huang FY,Hong YW.Diversity and function of endophytic bacteria in roots of exotic plant Spartina alterniflora[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2014,20(5):856-862]
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2刘文龙,谢文霞,赵全升,朱鲲杰,于蓉蓉.胶州湾芦苇潮滩土壤碳、氮和磷分布及生态化学计量学特征[J].湿地科学,2014(3):362-368[Liu WL,Xie WX,Zhao QS,Zhu KJ,Yu RR.Spatial distribution and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in soil in Phragmites australis tidal flat of Jiaozhou Bay[J].Wetl Sci,2014(3):362-368]
3?gren GI.Stoichiometry and nutrition of plant growth in natural communities[J].Annu Rev Ecol Evol S,2008,39(39):153-170
4 Liu FD,Zheng Y,Liu YH,Dong YF,Li DS,Wang MH.Stoichiometric nutrient balance of Suaeda salsa wetlands in different supratidal habitats of Tianjin,China[J].Hydrobiologia,2019,827(1):3-19
5 Lu QQ,Bai JH,Zhang GL,Zhao QQ,Wu JJ.Spatial and seasonal distribution of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur and their ecological stoichiometry in wetland soils along a water and salt gradient in the Yellow River Delta,China[J].Phys Chem Earth,2018,104:9-17
6 Zhang ZS,Song XL,Lu XG.Ecological stoichiometry of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in estuarine wetland soils:inf luences of vegetation coverage,plant communities,geomorphology,and seawalls[J].J Soil Sediment,2013,13(6):1043-1051
7陈新微,杨殿林,刘红梅,王慧,皇甫超河,屠臣阳.不同N、P添加水平对黄顶菊叶片化学计量特征的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015(2):185-191[Chen XW,Yang DL,Liu HM,Wang H,HuangFu CH,Tu CY.Effects of different N,P addition levels on leaf stoichiometry characteristics of Flaveria bidentis[J].J Agric Resour Environ,2015(2):185-191]
8 Elser JJ,Andersen T,Baron JS,Bergstr?m AK,Jansson M,Kyle M,Nydick KR,Steger L,Hessen DO.Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition[J].Science,2009,326(5954):835-837
9 Finzi AC,Austin AT,Cleland EE,Frey SD,Houlton BZ,Wallenstein MD.Responses and feedbacks of coupled biogeochemical cycles to climate change:examples from terrestrial ecosystems[J].Front Ecol Environ,2011,9(1):61-67
10 Pe?uelas J,Poulter B,Sardans J,Ciais P,Van Der Velde M,Bopp L,Boucher O,Godderis Y,Hinsinger P,Llusia J,Nardin E,Vicca S,Obersteiner M,Janssens IA.Human-induced nitrogen-phosphorus imbalances alter natural and managed ecosystems across the globe[J].Nat Commun,2013,4(1):94-105
11 Melillo JM,Butler S,Johnson J,Mohan J,Steudler P,Lux H,Burrows E,Bowles F,Smith R,Scott L.Soil warming,carbon-nitrogen interactions,and forest carbon budgets[J].PNAS,2011,108(23):9508-9512
12 He M,Dijkstra FA.Drought effect on plant nitrogen and phosphorus:a meta-analysis[J].New Phytol,2014,204(4):924-931
13 Dijkstra FA,Pendall E,Morgan JA,Blumenthal DM,Carrillo Y,Lecain DR,Follett RF,Williams DG.Climate change alters stoichiometry of phosphorus and nitrogen in a semiarid grassland[J].New Phytol,2012,196(3):807-815
14 Sardans J,Rivas-Ubach A,Pe?uelas J.The C:N:P stoichiometr y of organisms and ecosystems in a changing world:a review and perspectives[J].Perspect Plant Ecol,2012,14(1):33-47
15 Vitousek PM,Porder S,Houlton BZ,Chadwick OA.Ter restrial phosphor us limitation:mechanisms,implications,and nitrogenphosphorus interactions[J].Ecol Appl,2010,20(1):5-15
16 Howarth RW.Nutrient limitation of net primary production in marine ecosystems[J].Annu Rev Ecol Syst,1988,19(4):89-110
17 Verhoeven JTA,Laanbroek HJ,Rains MC,Whigham DF.Effects of increased summer f looding on nitrogen dynamics in impounded mangroves[J].J Environ Manage,2014,139:217-226
18 Sheffield J,Wood EF,Roderick ML.Little change in global drought over the past 60 years[J].Nature,2012,491(7424):435-438
19 Yuan ZY,Chen HYH.Decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial plants associated with global changes[J].Nat Clim Change,2015,5:465-469
20刘兴华.黄河三角洲湿地植物与土壤C、N、P生态化学计量特征研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013[Liu XH.C,N,P Stoichiometry of plants and soil in the wetland of Yellow River Delta[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2013]
21郑淑霞,上官周平.不同功能型植物光合特性及其与叶氮含量、比叶重的关系[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):171-181[Zheng SX,ShangGuan ZP,Photosynthetic characteristics and their relationships with leaf nitrogen content and leaf mass per area in different plant functional types[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(1):171-181]
22王琪,徐程扬.氮磷对植物光合作用及碳分配的影响[J].山东林业科技,2005(5):59-62[Wang Q,Xu CY.Affects of nitrogen and phosphorus on plant leaf photosynthesis and carbon partitioning[J].JShandong For Sci Technol,2005(5):59-62]
23 Liu FD,Liu YH,Wang GM,Song Y,Liu Q,Li DS,Mao PL,Zhang H.Seasonal variations of C:N:P stoichiometry and their trade-offs in different organs of Suaeda salsa in coastal wetland of Yellow River Delta,China[J].PLoS ONE,2015,10(9):e0138169
24胡伟芳,章文龙,张林海,陈晓艳,林伟,曾从盛,仝川.中国主要湿地植被氮和磷生态化学计量学特征[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(10):1041-1052[Hu WF,Zhang WL,Zhang LH,Chen XY,Lin W,Zeng CX,Tong C.Stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in major wetland vegetation of China[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2014,38(10):1041-1052]
25 Aerts R,Chapin FSI.The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:a reevaluation of processes and patterns[J].Adv Ecol Res,2000,30(8):1-67
26贺金生,韩兴国.生态化学计量学:探索从个体到生态系统的统一化理论[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):2-6[He JS,Han XG.Ecological stoichiometry:Searching for unifying principles from individuals to ecosystems[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2010,34(1):2-6]
27聂兰琴,吴琴,尧波,付姗,胡启武.鄱阳湖湿地优势植物叶片-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1898-1906[Nie LQ,Wu Q,Yao B,Fu S,Hu QW.Leaf litter and soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus stoichiometry of dominant plant species in the Poyang Lake wetland[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2016,36(7):1898-1906]
28金宝石,闫鸿远,王维奇,曾从盛.互花米草入侵下湿地土壤碳氮磷变化及化学计量学特征[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1541-1549[Jin BS,Yan HY,Wang WQ,Zeng CS.Changes of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus and stoichiometry characteristics in marsh invaded by Spartina alterniflora[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2017,28(5):1541-1549]
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