基于WAsP的近海风电场发电量计算研究
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摘要
准确评估风电场发电量水平对项目开发至关重要。针对海岸线附近的近海风电场,结合已建项目的测风塔数据和风电机组运行资料,得出WAsP计算模型主要参数取值。近海地区的风资源及发电量呈现一定的衰减规律,通过不同粗糙度和尾流衰减系数的设置,验证各方案模型电量与实际电量的拟合水平。结果表明,风电场的粗糙度取值要结合地形地貌、海洋水文条件等因素,海岸线附近近海风电场的粗糙度取值略高于软件推荐值,粗糙度水平为0～0.005 m;Park模型尾流衰减系数越小,发电量越小,不同的尾流衰减系数对发电量计算结果影响高达4.9%,采用0.04更接近实测值。
Accurate assessment of wind farm power generation is critical to project development. This paper derives the WAsP calculating parameters from wind data and wind turbines operation data of offshore wind farms within 10 km to the coastline that have been built. The power generation in offshore area shows a certain attenuation law, this paper verifies the simulated power generation and actual one through different roughness and decay factors. Results show that roughness of offshore area is related to topography, landforms and marine hydrology. The optimal roughness is a little higher than that recommended by the software. The roughness of near-sea wind farm is about 0 m to 0.005 m. And the smaller attenuation coefficient in Park model is, the less power will be generated.The impact of different attenuation coefficients on the calculation results can be as much to 4.9%, and when the value is 0.04, the simulation results will be closer to the measured ones.
Accurate assessment of wind farm power generation is critical to project development. This paper derives the WAsP calculating parameters from wind data and wind turbines operation data of offshore wind farms within 10 km to the coastline that have been built. The power generation in offshore area shows a certain attenuation law, this paper verifies the simulated power generation and actual one through different roughness and decay factors. Results show that roughness of offshore area is related to topography, landforms and marine hydrology. The optimal roughness is a little higher than that recommended by the software. The roughness of near-sea wind farm is about 0 m to 0.005 m. And the smaller attenuation coefficient in Park model is, the less power will be generated.The impact of different attenuation coefficients on the calculation results can be as much to 4.9%, and when the value is 0.04, the simulation results will be closer to the measured ones.
引文
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[20]Wilson R E.Wind turbine flow field model[J].Transactions of the ASME.1986,108:344-345.
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[23]Grant I,Mo M,Pan X,et al.An experimental and numerical study of the vortex filaments in the wake of an operational,horizontal-axis,wind turbine[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.2000,85(2):177-189.
[24]Frandsen S,Barthelmie R,Pryor S.Analytical modelling of wind speed deficit on large offshore wind farms[J].Wind Energy.2006(9):39-53.
[25]张晓东,张镇.半经验风力机尾流模型的研究[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(1):101-105.Zhang Xiaodong,Zhang Zhen.Research of semi-empirical wind turbine wake models[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2014,35(1):101-105(in Chinese).
[26]Jensen N O.A note on wind generator interaction[R].Denmark,1983.
[27]Mortensen N G,Heathfield D N,Rathmann O,et al.Wind atlas analysis and application program:WAsP 10 Help Facility[R].Denmark,2011.
[2]Barthelmie R J.Modelling and measurements of coastal wind speeds[M].Majumdar S K,Miller E W,Panah A I,eds.Renewable energy:trends and prospects.Easton:Pennsylvania Academy of Science,2001:961-975.
[3]王美琳,罗勇,周荣卫.WindSim软件在复杂地形风电场风能资源评估中的应用[J].气象,2010,36(2):113-119.Wang Meilin,Luo Yong,Zhou Rongwei.Application of windsim to wind energy resource assessment of complex terrain in China[J].Meteorological Monthly,2010,36(2):113-119(in Chinese).
[4]Barrios A,Zubiaur R,Cord?n R.Checking the capabilities of commercial software for numerical site calibration[R].EWEC,2007.
[5]李雪,李桂敏,李伟宏,等.WEPAS和WAsP在复杂地形条件下的适用性[J].电网与清洁能源,2011,27(10):87-92.Li Xue,Li Guimin,Li Weihong,et al.Adaptability of WEPASand WAsP software in complicated terrain conditions[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2011,27(10):87-92(in Chinese).
[6]Hassan G.GH Windfarmer theory manual[R].Garrad Hassan and Partners Ltd.,2005.
[7]Nielsen P.WindPRO2.5 manual[M].EMD InternationalA/S,2006.
[8]孙唯宓,周力炜.浅论WAsP软件在近海风力资源预测上的应用[J].能源与环境,2008(2):27-29.Sun Weimi,Zhou Liwei.Discussion on the application of WAs P in the prediction of offshore wind resources[J].Energy and Environment,2008(2):27-29(in Chinese).
[9]代元军,汪建文,温彩凤,等.利用WAsP软件对风力机发电量的预测[J].可再生能源,2011,29(1):103-106.Dai Yuanjun,Wang Jianwen,Wen Caifeng,et al.The forecast of energy production of wind turbine based on WAsP[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2011,29(1):103-106(in Chinese).
[10]Bergstr?m H,Barthelmie R J.Offshore boundary-layer modelling[C].Proceedings of the Global Windpower Conference.Paris,2002.
[11]K?llstrand B,Bergstr?m H,H?jstrup J,et al.Mesoscale wind field modifications over the Baltic Sea[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorol,2000(95),161-188.
[12]Barthelie R,Jensen LE.Evaluation of wind farm efficiency and wind turbine wakes at the Nysted offshore wind farm[J],Wind Engery,2010(13),573-586.
[13]斯塔尔.边界层气象学导论[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1991:262-420.
[14]Charnock H.Wind stress over a water surface[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1955,80(345):438-443.
[15]Blackadar A K,Tennekes H.Asyptotic similarity in Neutra:barotropic planetary boundary layers[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,25:1015-1020.
[16]文圣常,余宙文.海浪理论与计算原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1984,308-314.
[17]Garratt.J.R.Review of drag coefficients over oceans and continents[J].Month Review,1977(105):915-929.
[18]Wu J.Wind stress and surface roughness at air-sea interface[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1969(74):444-445.
[19]Janssen J A M.Does wind stress depend on sea-state or not a statistical analysis of HEXMAX data[J].Boundary Layer Meteorol.1997,83:479-503.
[20]Wilson R E.Wind turbine flow field model[J].Transactions of the ASME.1986,108:344-345.
[21]Dumitrescu H,Cardo C S V.Predictions of unsteady hawt aerodynamics by lifting line theory[J].Mathematical and computer modelling.2001,33(4):469-481.
[22]Whale J,Anderson C G,Bareiss R,et al.An experimental and numerical study of the vortex structure in the wake of a wind turbine[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.2000,84(1):1-21.
[23]Grant I,Mo M,Pan X,et al.An experimental and numerical study of the vortex filaments in the wake of an operational,horizontal-axis,wind turbine[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.2000,85(2):177-189.
[24]Frandsen S,Barthelmie R,Pryor S.Analytical modelling of wind speed deficit on large offshore wind farms[J].Wind Energy.2006(9):39-53.
[25]张晓东,张镇.半经验风力机尾流模型的研究[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(1):101-105.Zhang Xiaodong,Zhang Zhen.Research of semi-empirical wind turbine wake models[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2014,35(1):101-105(in Chinese).
[26]Jensen N O.A note on wind generator interaction[R].Denmark,1983.
[27]Mortensen N G,Heathfield D N,Rathmann O,et al.Wind atlas analysis and application program:WAsP 10 Help Facility[R].Denmark,2011.