杭州湾—舟山近海春季游泳动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系
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摘要
杭州湾—舟山近海是许多经济鱼类的传统产卵地和栖息地,环境因子对鱼类群落结构的影响非常显著。本研究根据2016年春季在杭州湾—舟山近海的80个站位的底拖网调查数据,分析了鱼类及大型甲壳类群落数量和平均个体大小的空间分布,并根据典范对应分析法(CCA)研究了鱼类及大型甲壳类主要类群的特征(丰度和个体大小)与环境因子的关系。结果显示,游泳动物可分为5大类群(六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、底层鱼、中上层鱼、虾、蟹),每种类群的丰度平均分别为546、213、83、316和15个/h,平均个体大小分别为0.29、2.19、4.96、0.36和6.66 g/个。根据各类群的丰度、底温、底盐及表层浑浊度,将整个海域分为杭州湾内和舟山近海水域,绝大部分类群的丰度具有显著的区域差异性,而绝大部分类群的个体大小没有区域差异性。受到浑浊度、外海水团交汇的影响,绝大部分类群主要聚集在舟山近海的高生产力水域。CCA分析表明,2个轴的环境因子能解释丰度总变异的25%,而仅能解释个体大小总变异的11.7%,说明环境因子对于鱼类及甲壳类的类群的数量空间分布具有较大影响,而对于个体大小的分布影响较小。
Hangzhou Bay-Zhoushan inshore waters are the home of many commercial fish species, providing a good place for spawning and habitats. The environments in these areas significantly affect the marine species and its structure. According to the bottom trawl survey, covering 80 stations, in these areas during spring, 2016, we studied the fish and macro-crustacean species assemblage and its spatial distribution. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) was used to reveal correlation between functional traits of fish and macrocrustacean species(abundance and size) and environmental variables. The results showed that all the marine species can be divided into five ecological groups(dominant group-Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, demersal fishes, pelagics, shrimp, and crab), with the average abundance 546, 213, 83, 316 and 15 individuals hour,respectively. The average size for these ecological groups was 0.29, 2.19, 4.96, 0.36 and 6.66 g/individual,respectively. According to five ecological group abundance, bottoms temperature, bottom salinity and surface turbidity, the waters were clustered into two areas: Hangzhou Bay and Zhoushan inshore waters. Abundance of most of the ecological groups significantly differed in two areas, while the size of most groups was not significantly different. As affected by the mixed waters of fresh water runoff and offshore waters, the large abundance of marine communities gathered in Zhoushan inshore areas, which was characterized by high primary production. The CCA analysis showed that environmental variables in the first two axes explained around 25% of the total variation of abundance, and only 11.7% of the total variation of the average size, indicating that the environmental variables played a more important role in explaining the spatial distribution of abundance than in explaining spatial distribution of average size.
Hangzhou Bay-Zhoushan inshore waters are the home of many commercial fish species, providing a good place for spawning and habitats. The environments in these areas significantly affect the marine species and its structure. According to the bottom trawl survey, covering 80 stations, in these areas during spring, 2016, we studied the fish and macro-crustacean species assemblage and its spatial distribution. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) was used to reveal correlation between functional traits of fish and macrocrustacean species(abundance and size) and environmental variables. The results showed that all the marine species can be divided into five ecological groups(dominant group-Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, demersal fishes, pelagics, shrimp, and crab), with the average abundance 546, 213, 83, 316 and 15 individuals hour,respectively. The average size for these ecological groups was 0.29, 2.19, 4.96, 0.36 and 6.66 g/individual,respectively. According to five ecological group abundance, bottoms temperature, bottom salinity and surface turbidity, the waters were clustered into two areas: Hangzhou Bay and Zhoushan inshore waters. Abundance of most of the ecological groups significantly differed in two areas, while the size of most groups was not significantly different. As affected by the mixed waters of fresh water runoff and offshore waters, the large abundance of marine communities gathered in Zhoushan inshore areas, which was characterized by high primary production. The CCA analysis showed that environmental variables in the first two axes explained around 25% of the total variation of abundance, and only 11.7% of the total variation of the average size, indicating that the environmental variables played a more important role in explaining the spatial distribution of abundance than in explaining spatial distribution of average size.
引文
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[16]张洪亮,王洋,梁君,等.中街山列岛海洋保护区棘头梅童鱼生物学特征与资源密度的季节变化[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(5):407-410.Zhang H L,Wang Y,Liang J,et al.Seasonal variations of the biological characteristics and abundance density of Collichthys lucidus in Zhongjieshan Islands marine protected area[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2015,34(5):407-410(in Chinese).
[17]曾旭,章守宇,汪振华,等.马鞍列岛褐菖鲉Sebasticus marmoratus栖息地适宜性评价[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3765-3774.Zeng X,Zhang S Y,Wang Z H,et al.Habitat suitability assessment of Sebasticus marmoratus in the rocky reef region of the Ma'an Archipelago[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3765-3774(in Chinese).
[18]周永东,金海卫,张洪亮,等.浙江南部沿岸产卵场春、夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(3):590-598.Zhou Y D,Jin H W,Zhang H L,et al.Species composition and abundance distributions of ichthyoplankton along the south coast of Zhejiang Province in spring and summer[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(3):590-598(in Chinese).
[19]施仁德.浙南近海中国毛虾Acetes chinensis Hansen的洄游分布及世代交替[J].东海海洋,1986,4(1):56-61.Shi R D.The distribution,migration and generation of Acetes chinensis Hansen in the inshore waters of southern Zhejiang[J].Donghai Marine Science,1986,4(1):56-61(in Chinese).
[20]吴常文,王伟洪.杭州湾海域安氏白虾生物学与生态分布的研究[J].浙江水产学院学报,1993,12(1):21-31.Wu C W,Wang W H.On the biology and ecological distribution of shrimp,Palaemon(Exopalaemon)annandalei,at Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal of Zhejiang College of Fisheries,1993,12(1):21-31(in Chinese).
[21]宁修仁,史君贤,蔡昱明,等.长江口和杭州湾海域生物生产力锋面及其生态学效应[J].海洋学报,2004,26(6):96-106.Ning X R,Shi J X,Cai Y M,et al.Biological productivity front in the Changjiang Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay and its ecological effects[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2004,26(6):96-106(in Chinese).
[22]Chamberlin J W,Beckman B R,Greene C M,et al.How relative size and abundance structures the relationship between size and individual growth in an ontogenetically piscivorous fish[J].Ecology and Evolution,2017,7(17):6981-6995.
[23]Rex M A,Etter R J,Morris J S,et al.Global bathymetric patterns of standing stock and body size in the deep-sea benthos[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2006,317:1-8.
[2]俞存根,陈全震,陈小庆,等.舟山渔场及邻近海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(3):410-417.Yu C G,Chen Q Z,Chen X Q,et al.Species composition and quantitative distribution of fish in the Zhoushan fishing ground and its adjacent waters[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2010,41(3):410-417(in Chinese).
[3]金显仕,单秀娟,郭学武,等.长江口及其邻近海域渔业生物的群落结构特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4761-4772.Jin X S,Shan X J,Guo X W,et al.Community structure of fishery biology in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(9):4761-4772(in Chinese).
[4]程家骅,丁峰元,李圣法,等.夏季东海北部近海鱼类群落结构变化[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(5):775-781.Cheng J H,Ding F Y,Li S F,et al.Changes of fish community structure in the coastal zone of the northern part of East China Sea in summer[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2006,21(5):775-781(in Chinese).
[5]Jin X S.Long-term changes in fish community structure in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,59(1):163-171.
[6]Lee C L,Huang Y H,Chung C Y,et al.Tidal variation in fish assemblages and trophic structures in tropical Indo-Pacific seagrass beds[J].Zoological Studies,2014,53:56.
[7]Jiang Y Z,Cheng J H,Li S F.Temporal changes in the fish community resulting from a summer fishing moratorium in the northern East China Sea[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2009,387:265-273.
[8]Li Y,Fratantoni P S,Chen C S,et al.Spatio-temporal patterns of stratification on the Northwest Atlantic shelf[J].Progress in Oceanography,2015,134:123-137.
[9]Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[J].Fish Bulletin,1971,152:1-105.
[10]蒋日进,徐汉祥,金海卫,等.东海蓝圆鲹的摄食习性[J].水产学报,2012,36(2):216-227.Jiang R J,Xu H X,Jin H W,et al.Feeding habits of blue mackerel scad Decapterus maruadsi Temminck et Schlegel in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(2):216-227(in Chinese).
[11]Alemany D,Acha E M,Iribarne O.The relationship between marine fronts and fish diversity in the Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem[J].Journal of Biogeography,2009,36(11):2111-2124.
[12]Ter Braak C J F,Smilauer P.CANOCO reference manual and canodraw for windows user’s guide:software for canonical community ordination(Version4.5)[M].Ithaca NY,USA:Microcomputer Power,2002.ter Braak C.J.F.&?milauer P.(2002):CANOCOreference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user's guide:software for canonical community ordination.Version 4.5.-Microcomputer Power,Ithaca,NY.
[13]Ramos S,Paris C B,Angélico M M.Larval fish dispersal along an estuarine-ocean gradient[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2017,74(9):1462-1473.
[14]韩东燕,薛莹,纪毓鹏,等.胶州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的摄食生态特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1446-1452.Han D Y,Xue Y,Ji Y P,et al.Feeding ecology of Amblychaeturichthys hexanema in Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(5):1446-1452(in Chinese).
[15]王凯,章守宇,汪振华,等.枸杞岛海藻场褐菖鲉的摄食习性[J].水产学报,2010,34(2):227-235.Wang K,Zhang S Y,Wang Z H,et al.Feeding habit of Sebastisous marmoratus in seaweed bed around Gouqi Island[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(2):227-235(in Chinese).
[16]张洪亮,王洋,梁君,等.中街山列岛海洋保护区棘头梅童鱼生物学特征与资源密度的季节变化[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(5):407-410.Zhang H L,Wang Y,Liang J,et al.Seasonal variations of the biological characteristics and abundance density of Collichthys lucidus in Zhongjieshan Islands marine protected area[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2015,34(5):407-410(in Chinese).
[17]曾旭,章守宇,汪振华,等.马鞍列岛褐菖鲉Sebasticus marmoratus栖息地适宜性评价[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3765-3774.Zeng X,Zhang S Y,Wang Z H,et al.Habitat suitability assessment of Sebasticus marmoratus in the rocky reef region of the Ma'an Archipelago[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3765-3774(in Chinese).
[18]周永东,金海卫,张洪亮,等.浙江南部沿岸产卵场春、夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(3):590-598.Zhou Y D,Jin H W,Zhang H L,et al.Species composition and abundance distributions of ichthyoplankton along the south coast of Zhejiang Province in spring and summer[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(3):590-598(in Chinese).
[19]施仁德.浙南近海中国毛虾Acetes chinensis Hansen的洄游分布及世代交替[J].东海海洋,1986,4(1):56-61.Shi R D.The distribution,migration and generation of Acetes chinensis Hansen in the inshore waters of southern Zhejiang[J].Donghai Marine Science,1986,4(1):56-61(in Chinese).
[20]吴常文,王伟洪.杭州湾海域安氏白虾生物学与生态分布的研究[J].浙江水产学院学报,1993,12(1):21-31.Wu C W,Wang W H.On the biology and ecological distribution of shrimp,Palaemon(Exopalaemon)annandalei,at Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal of Zhejiang College of Fisheries,1993,12(1):21-31(in Chinese).
[21]宁修仁,史君贤,蔡昱明,等.长江口和杭州湾海域生物生产力锋面及其生态学效应[J].海洋学报,2004,26(6):96-106.Ning X R,Shi J X,Cai Y M,et al.Biological productivity front in the Changjiang Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay and its ecological effects[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2004,26(6):96-106(in Chinese).
[22]Chamberlin J W,Beckman B R,Greene C M,et al.How relative size and abundance structures the relationship between size and individual growth in an ontogenetically piscivorous fish[J].Ecology and Evolution,2017,7(17):6981-6995.
[23]Rex M A,Etter R J,Morris J S,et al.Global bathymetric patterns of standing stock and body size in the deep-sea benthos[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2006,317:1-8.