重穗型遗传群体水稻株系产量形成及氮素吸收利用的基本特征
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摘要
在大田条件下,以遗传背景相似的114个水稻株系为供试材料,依据成熟期单穗重将供试群体分为6种不同类型,研究不同穗重类型水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的差异。结果表明:①供试群体单穗重和产量差异均较大,单穗重变幅为2.74～5.73 g,产量变幅为4 676.10～11 450.25 kg·hm~(-2)。随着单穗重的增加,产量总体呈上升趋势,两者呈极显著线性正相关;②重穗型(高单穗重类型)水稻每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重较大,单位面积穗数较小;③重穗型水稻LAI(抽穗期、成熟期)、叶片重、库容量、库容量形成速率均较高,单位干重库容量和单位氮素库容量大,单位叶面积库容量中等;④重穗型水稻结实期干物质生产量、成熟期生物产量优势明显,经济系数、抽穗期粒叶比和结实期期净同化率均高于其他类型;⑤重穗型水稻氮素吸收、氮素利用主要指标均较高,吸氮量大与其吸氮强度高有密切关系。通过遗传改良,有可能实现水稻氮素吸收与氮素利用的同步提高。
A total of 114 chromosome single segment substitution lines(CSSSLs) were analyzed in two consecutive years in the field condition, and subcategorized into 6 types to study the essential features of yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in different panicle weight types rice lines, according to their sink size by Minimum Square Sum within Groups method. Our observation revealed that there was a significant difference among the CSSSLs in the panicle weight and yield, ranging from 2.74-5.73 g·panicle~(-1) for the panicle size, and 4 676.10-11 450.25 kg·hm~(-2) for the grain yield, respectively. A significant positive linear correlation was also found between panicle size and grain yield between these characters; The grain number per panicle, ripening rate and thousand grain weight in the heavy panicle type(the type of high panicle weight, the same below) were larger than those in other types, but the panicle number per unit area was less;The LAI(heading and mature stage),leaf weight,sink capacity,sink capacity formation rate of the heavy panicle type were larger than those in other types.The sink capacity per unit biomass and sink capacity per unit nitrogen absorption were large,though the sink capacity per unit leaf area was at an intermediate level;The biomass production during grain filling stage and at maturity stage displayed obvious superiority in the heavy panicle type lines.Similar trends were observed in harvest index,grain leaf ratio and net assimilation rate at grain filling stage in the heavy panicle type lines;The major index for N uptake and utilization in the heavy panicle type were higher than those in the other types.There was a positive correlation between nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen uptake rate.These findings suggest that it is possible to achieve improvement of nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in rice through genetic reshuffle.
A total of 114 chromosome single segment substitution lines(CSSSLs) were analyzed in two consecutive years in the field condition, and subcategorized into 6 types to study the essential features of yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in different panicle weight types rice lines, according to their sink size by Minimum Square Sum within Groups method. Our observation revealed that there was a significant difference among the CSSSLs in the panicle weight and yield, ranging from 2.74-5.73 g·panicle~(-1) for the panicle size, and 4 676.10-11 450.25 kg·hm~(-2) for the grain yield, respectively. A significant positive linear correlation was also found between panicle size and grain yield between these characters; The grain number per panicle, ripening rate and thousand grain weight in the heavy panicle type(the type of high panicle weight, the same below) were larger than those in other types, but the panicle number per unit area was less;The LAI(heading and mature stage),leaf weight,sink capacity,sink capacity formation rate of the heavy panicle type were larger than those in other types.The sink capacity per unit biomass and sink capacity per unit nitrogen absorption were large,though the sink capacity per unit leaf area was at an intermediate level;The biomass production during grain filling stage and at maturity stage displayed obvious superiority in the heavy panicle type lines.Similar trends were observed in harvest index,grain leaf ratio and net assimilation rate at grain filling stage in the heavy panicle type lines;The major index for N uptake and utilization in the heavy panicle type were higher than those in the other types.There was a positive correlation between nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen uptake rate.These findings suggest that it is possible to achieve improvement of nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in rice through genetic reshuffle.
引文
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[2] 董桂春,张燕,于小凤,等.不同穗型常规籼稻品种物质生产与分配的差异及原因分析 [J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010,31(4):7-12.
[3] 胡雅杰,曹伟伟,钱海军,等.钵苗机插密度对不同穗型水稻品种产量、株型和抗倒伏能力的影响 [J].作物学报,2015,41(5):743-757.
[4] 周开达.四川水稻超高产育种的发展趋势 [J].西南农业学报,1998(S2):5-10.
[5] 刘坚,陶红剑,施思,等.水稻穗型的遗传和育种改良 [J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(2):227-234.
[6] 徐海,宫彦龙,夏原野,等.中日水稻品种杂交后代的株型性状与产量和品质的关系 [J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(3):283-290.
[7] 周开达,汪旭东,李仕贵,等.亚种间重穗型杂交稻研究 [J].中国农业科学,1997,30(5):92-94.
[8] 殷春渊,王书玉,刘贺梅,等.不同穗型水稻品种剑叶光合速率、产量及品质的差异 [J].中国农学通报,2016,32(24):25-30.
[9] 顾俊荣,韩立宇,董明辉,等.不同穗型粳稻干物质运转与颖花形成及籽粒灌浆结实的差异研究 [J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2017,38(4):68-73,88.
[10] 秦俭,蒋开锋,张涛,等.施氮量和移栽密度对重穗型杂交稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响 [J].中国稻米,2017,23(4):94-98.
[11] 许德海,王晓燕,马荣荣,等.重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号超高产生理特性 [J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4796-4804.
[12] 张玉屏,朱德峰,曹卫星,等.不同穗型水稻品种穗部参数及其相互关系 [J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(3):327-332.
[13] 魏颖娟,赵杨,邹应斌.不同穗型超级稻品种籽粒灌浆特性 [J].作物学报,2016,42(10):1516-1529.
[14] 董桂春,居静,李进前,等.不同穗型常规籼稻品种源库性状的差异 [J].中国农业科学,2009,42(12):4187-4196.
[15] 王彤.不同穗型水稻黄叶、绿叶干物质积累与产量的关系 [J].北方水稻,2017,47(1):5-7,10.
[16] 徐建军,赵强,汤在祥,等.利用重测序的染色体片段代换系群体定位水稻粒形 [J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(4):365-369.
[17] 顾世梁,莫惠栋.动态聚类的一种新方法——最小组内平方和法 [J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),1989,10(4):1-8.
[18] 李红宇,郑桂萍,刘梦红,等.北方粳稻穗重指数及其与产量品质关系的研究 [J].华北农学报,2016,31(1):175-181.
[19] 秦俭,杨志远,孙永健,等.不同穗型杂交籼稻物质积累、氮素吸收利用和产量的差异比较 [J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(5):514-522.
[20] 董桂春,居静,于小风,等.不同穗重类型常规籼稻品种产量形成的差异研究 [J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010,31(1):49-54.
[21] 马均,朱庆森,马文波,等.重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究 [J].中国农业科学,2003,36(4):375-381.
[22] 凌启鸿.作物群体质量 [M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000.
[23] 马均.不同穗重型水稻的形态、理生化特性及产量潜力的研究 [D].雅安:四川农业大学,2002.
[24] 杨建昌,王朋,刘立军,等.中籼水稻品种产量与株型演进特征研究 [J].作物学报,2006,32(7):949-955.
[25] 王丹英,徐春梅,袁江,等.杂交籼稻组合演替过程中植株农艺性状的变化 [J].中国水稻科学,2010,24(2):157-161.
[26] 盛大海,刘元英,李广宇.水稻源库关系研究进展与应用 [J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(5):117-122.
[27] 崔菁菁,徐克章,石晶皎,等.不同水稻品种库源的特征变化 [J].植物学报,2015,50(6):699-705.
[28] 董桂春,王余龙,张岳芳,等.影响常规籼稻品种氮素籽粒生产效率的主要源库指标 [J].作物学报,2007,33(1):43-49.
[29] 董桂春,于小凤,赵江宁,等.不同穗型常规籼稻品种氮素吸收利用的基本特点 [J].作物学报,2009,35(11):2091-2100.
[30] 李进前.不同穗重类型常规粳稻品种的基本特点 [D].扬州:扬州大学,2010.