滴灌条件下揭膜时间对土壤酶活性及玉米吸氮量的影响
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摘要
为了了解玉米滴灌水肥试验研究揭膜时间和施肥处理对土壤脲酶活性、天门冬酰胺酶活性及玉米吸氮量的影响,试验设置了3个揭膜时间处理和1个未覆膜处理,每个处理考虑施肥和不施肥情况,共8个处理.研究结果表明:苗期揭膜、抽穗期揭膜和全生育期覆膜均会提高土壤NH4+-N质量比和含水率,显著降低土壤脲酶活性,各揭膜处理差异不具有统计学意义;不同揭膜时间并不会显著影响土壤天门冬酰胺酶的活性;各揭膜处理可显著提高苗期玉米的吸氮量,但在施肥条件下全生育期覆膜处理却降低玉米吸氮;土壤水热和无机氮的质量比与土壤脲酶差异具有统计学意义,而覆膜下土壤脲酶活性的降低与土壤NH4+-N和含水率升高有关;土壤天门冬酰胺酶活性与土壤水热和无机氮质量比差异不具有统计学意义;由试验可得东北地区玉米苗期或抽穗期揭膜可使土壤酶活性保持在适宜的活性水平,为玉米生长提供有利的土壤环境.
Effects of film-uncovering time and fertilization on soil urease activity,asparaginase activity and maize nitrogen uptake were studied under drip fertigation conditions to provide theoretical basis and reference for the optimal film-uncovering time of maize with mulched drip irrigation in Northeast China.Three film-uncovering treatments and a bare soil treatment were set in experiment. In each treatment,fertilization and no fertilization were included,thus there were a total of 8 treatments. The results show that the soil urease activity decreases significantly with increasing soil NH4+-N and moisture in uncovering film treatments in seedling stage,uncovering in heading stage and filming in the whole growth period of maize,but the difference between film-uncovering treatments is not significantly statistical. The asparaginase activity in soil does not change significantly with covering duration. The maize nitrogen uptake can increase significantly in three film-uncovering treatments,but the nitrogen uptake declines in filming treatments in the whole growth period of maize under fertilizing condition. The correlations of soil urease activity with soil water,soil temperature and soil inorganic nitrogen content are significantly statistical,but the urease activity reduces because of the increase of both soil water and NH4+-N. The soil asparaginase activity does not have a relationship with soil water,soil temperature and soil inorganic nitrogen content. Therefore,the film-uncovering treatments in seedling stage and uncovering treatments in heading stage can allow the soil enzyme activity to maintain a suitable activity level and provide a more favorable soil environment for the growth of maize.
Effects of film-uncovering time and fertilization on soil urease activity,asparaginase activity and maize nitrogen uptake were studied under drip fertigation conditions to provide theoretical basis and reference for the optimal film-uncovering time of maize with mulched drip irrigation in Northeast China.Three film-uncovering treatments and a bare soil treatment were set in experiment. In each treatment,fertilization and no fertilization were included,thus there were a total of 8 treatments. The results show that the soil urease activity decreases significantly with increasing soil NH4+-N and moisture in uncovering film treatments in seedling stage,uncovering in heading stage and filming in the whole growth period of maize,but the difference between film-uncovering treatments is not significantly statistical. The asparaginase activity in soil does not change significantly with covering duration. The maize nitrogen uptake can increase significantly in three film-uncovering treatments,but the nitrogen uptake declines in filming treatments in the whole growth period of maize under fertilizing condition. The correlations of soil urease activity with soil water,soil temperature and soil inorganic nitrogen content are significantly statistical,but the urease activity reduces because of the increase of both soil water and NH4+-N. The soil asparaginase activity does not have a relationship with soil water,soil temperature and soil inorganic nitrogen content. Therefore,the film-uncovering treatments in seedling stage and uncovering treatments in heading stage can allow the soil enzyme activity to maintain a suitable activity level and provide a more favorable soil environment for the growth of maize.
引文
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[14] MARIA D L P J,HORRA A D L,PRUZZO L,et al.Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters[J]. Biology&fertility of soils,2002,35(4):302-306.
[15]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:306-308.
[2]水利部.中国水利统计年鉴[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2017:80-81.
[3]宋娜,王凤新,杨晨飞,等.水氮耦合对膜下滴灌马铃薯产量、品质及水分利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):98-105.SONG Na,WANG Fengxin,YANG Chenfei,et al. Coupling effects of water and nitrogen on yield,quality and water use of potato with drip irrigation under plastic film mulch[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(13):98-105.(in Chinese)
[4]侯书林,张佳喜,谢建华,等.残膜污染调研及机械化回收装备[J].新疆农机化,2016(5):12-14.HOU Shulin,ZHANG Jiaxi,XIE Jianhua,et al. Survey on residual film pollution and mechanized recycling equipment[J]. Xinjiang agricultural mechanization,2016(5):12-14.(in Chinese)
[5] DICK R P. Soil enzyme activities as indicators of soil quality[J]. Soil Science Society of America journal,1994,58:107-124.
[6] PAGLIAI M,NOBILIM D. Relationships between soil porosity,root development and soil enzyme activity in cultivated soils[J]. Geoderma,1993,56(1/2/3/4):243-256.
[7] TIAN L,DELL E,SHI W. Chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in agroecosystems:correlations with soil enzyme activity and carbon and nitrogen mineralization[J]. Applied soil ecology,2010,46(3):426-435.
[8] SAHA S,GOPINATH K A,MINAB L,et al. Influence of continuous application of inorganic nutrients to a maize-wheat rotation on soil enzyme activity and grain quality in a rainfed Indian soil[J]. European journal of soil biology,2008,44(5/6):521-531.
[9] LALANDE R,GAGNON B,SIMARDR R,et al. Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity following liquid hog manure application in a long-term field trial[J]. Canadian journal of soil science,2000,80(2):263-269.
[10] MASCIANDARO G,CECCANTI B,BENEDICTO S,et al. Enzyme activity and C and N pools in soil following application of mulches[J]. Canadian journal of soil science,2004,84(1):19-30.
[11]窦超银,康跃虎,万书勤,等.覆膜滴灌对地下水浅埋区重度盐碱地土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):44-51.DOU Chaoying, KAN Yuehu, WAN Shuqin, et al.Effect of mulch-drip irrigation on soil enzyme activities of saline-sodic soil with shallow water table[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(3):44-51.(in Chinese)
[12]杜社妮,白岗栓.玉米地膜覆盖的土壤环境效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(5):56-59.DU Sheni,BAI Gangquan. Studies on effects of plastic film mulching on soil environment of maize field[J].Agricultural research in the arid areas,2007,25(5):56-59.(in Chinese)
[13]陈书涛,桑琳,张旭,等.增温及秸秆施用对冬小麦田土壤呼吸和酶活性的影响[J].环境科学,2016(2):703-709.CHEN Shutao,SANG Lin,ZHANG Xu,et al. Effects of warming and straw application on soil respiration and enzyme activity in a winter wheat cropland[J]. Environmental science,2016(2):703-709.(in Chinese)
[14] MARIA D L P J,HORRA A D L,PRUZZO L,et al.Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters[J]. Biology&fertility of soils,2002,35(4):302-306.
[15]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:306-308.