基于三维SAR成像的RCS近远场变换方法研究
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摘要
微波3维成像能够准确地从背景噪声中分离出目标的散射信息,适用于外场目标电磁(EM)散射特性的分析和研究,因而从3维合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像的角度研究目标电磁的散射特性是目前的一个新兴的热门课题。该文以此为背景,首先从Stratton-Chu积分方程出发详细推导3维SAR的近场波数域成像过程,解释3维SAR成像的物理意义;然后阐述基于3维SAR成像的雷达散射截面积(RCS)近远场变换原理,介绍3维SAR图像的散射中心提取方法,给出基于3维SAR成像的RCS近远场变换算法;最后通过FEKO软件进行了仿真实验,得到了5个点目标的RCS近远场变换的方位特性曲线和频率特性曲线,并通过与理论情况的对比,验证该算法在RCS近远场变换技术中的有效性。
Microwave 3-D imaging technique can accurately separate and extract the attractive targets from the background noise. So it can be utilized to analyze and study the Electro Magnetic(EM) scattering characteristics of the outfield targets. Thus researching the EM scattering characteristics of targets from the perspective of 3-D SAR imaging is becoming an emerging hot field. Based on the background above, firstly, the near field 3-D imaging process in wave-number domain is deduced from the Stratton-Chu integral equation and the physical meaning of 3-D SAR imaging is explained. Then, the principle of targets' Radar Cross Section(RCS) Near-Field-to-Far-Field Transformation(NFFFT) based on 3-D SAR imaging is elaborated and the method of scattering center extraction from 3-D SAR image is introduced and the algorithm of targets' RCS NFFFT based on 3-D SAR imaging technique is presented. Finally, though some experiments using the FEKO software, five scattering points' observing angle characteristic curve and frequency characteristic curve are gotten. Through the comparative experiments with the ideal situation, the effectiveness of the RCS NFFFT algorithm is validated.
Microwave 3-D imaging technique can accurately separate and extract the attractive targets from the background noise. So it can be utilized to analyze and study the Electro Magnetic(EM) scattering characteristics of the outfield targets. Thus researching the EM scattering characteristics of targets from the perspective of 3-D SAR imaging is becoming an emerging hot field. Based on the background above, firstly, the near field 3-D imaging process in wave-number domain is deduced from the Stratton-Chu integral equation and the physical meaning of 3-D SAR imaging is explained. Then, the principle of targets' Radar Cross Section(RCS) Near-Field-to-Far-Field Transformation(NFFFT) based on 3-D SAR imaging is elaborated and the method of scattering center extraction from 3-D SAR image is introduced and the algorithm of targets' RCS NFFFT based on 3-D SAR imaging technique is presented. Finally, though some experiments using the FEKO software, five scattering points' observing angle characteristic curve and frequency characteristic curve are gotten. Through the comparative experiments with the ideal situation, the effectiveness of the RCS NFFFT algorithm is validated.
引文
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[2]张麟兮,李南京,胡楚峰,等.雷达目标散射特性测试与成像诊断[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2009:51-96.Zhang Lin-xi,Li Nan-jing,Hu Chu-feng,et al..The Test and Diagnostic Imaging of Radar Targets’Scattering Characteristics[M].Beijing:China Aerospace Press,2009:51-96.
[3]Osipov A,Kobayashi H,and Suzuki H.An improved imagebased circular near-field-to-far-field transformation[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2013,61(2):989-993.
[4]Cariou R and Massaloux P.Near field far field transformation:calculation and application[C].Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation Society,Chicago,IL,USA,2012:1-2.
[5]师君.双基地SAR与线阵SAR成像原理与技术研究[D].[博士论文],电子科技大学,2009:137-175.Shi Jun.Research on principle and technique of bistatic SAR and linear-array SAR[D].[Ph.D.dissertation],University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2009:137-175.
[6]Wang Y,Zhang X,Li W,et al..Motion measurement errors analysis for the‘one-active’LASAR[C].Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience&Remote Sensing Symposium 2009,Cape Town,South Africa,2009:562-565.
[7]Shi J,Liao K,Zhang X,et al..Three-dimensional SAR with fixed transmitter and its scattering explanation[J].Progress in Electromagnetics Research,2013,133(1):285-307.
[8]Sheppard C J R,Choudhury A,Gannaway J,et al..Electromagnetic field near the focus of wide-angular lens and mirror systems[J].IEE Journal on Microwaves,Optics and Acoustics,1977,1(4):129-132.
[9]Liao K,Xu S,Zhang X,et al..Simulation of 3-D SAR imaging based outdoor RCS measurement technique[C].Proceedings of the Electromagnetics Research Symposium,Taipei,China,2013:589-593.
[10]Woo J C,Lim B J,Lee S M,et al..Near-field-to-far-field transformation using wavenumber migration technique for a3D spotlight SAR[C].Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar,Seoul,Korea,2011:1-4.
[11]Garcia D,Tarnec L L,Muth S,et al..Stolt,s f-k migration for plane wave ultrasound imaging[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control,2013,60(9):1853-1867.
[12]翟伟刚.目标散射特性近场测量方法研究[D].[硕士论文],西安电子科技大学,2012:47-70.Zhai Wei-gang.Research on near-field measurement of targets’scattering characteristics[D].[Master dissertation],Xidian University,2012:47-70.
[13]童广德,徐秀丽,李加亮.基于目标ISAR图像的RCS数据外推方法[J].制导与引信,2007,28(2):28-31.Tong Guang-de,Xu Xiu-li,and Li Jia-liang.RCS data extrapolation technology based on target’s ISAR image[J].Guidance&Fuze,2007,28(2):28-31.
[14]何云涛,江月松,钟宇.CLEAN算法在机载毫米波综合孔径成像中的应用[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(7):1757-1760.He Yun-tao,Jiang Yue-song,and Zhong Yu.An application of the CLEAN algorithm in airborne mm-wave synthetic aperture imaging[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2007,29(7):1757-1760.
[15]Knott E F,Shaeffer J F,and Tuley M T.Radar Cross Section,Its Prediction,Measurement and Reduction[M].Dedham,MA,Artech House,1985:47-187.