影响缓冷钴冰铜磁选分离的矿物学研究
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摘要
为了确定影响缓冷钴冰铜钴铜磁选分离效果的因素,以便改善磁选分离效果,采用光学显微镜、电子显微镜、电子探针以及化学物相分析等方法研究了缓冷钴冰铜包顶壳、上部(侧壁)、中部及底壳等部位的物相组成,钴、铁、铜的赋存状态,钴铁合金的产出特征等。结果表明:(1)钴冰铜中部硫含量明显高于壳部,壳部钴主要以强磁性钴铁合金形式存在,中部钴主要以弱磁性钴铁硫化相形式存在,上部(侧壁)钴处于钴铁合金及硫化相的过渡相。钴冰铜包中部钴的金属转化率仅为16.35%,这是影响钴铜磁选分离效果的主要因素。(2)钴冰铜中氧化亚铁均不同程度被氧化为磁铁矿,从壳部到中部,氧化亚铁颗粒的氧化程度越来越深,氧化亚铁粒度一般以小于0.020 mm的微细粒分布于斑铜矿基底相中,磨矿时难以单体解离是影响钴铜磁选分离的另一主要因素。(3)要想提高缓冷钴冰铜包中部钴的金属转化率及磁选分离效果,需要调控高温钴冰铜包中部的缓冷温度,防止熔点不同的物质发生偏析,尤其是低熔点硫化物向中部聚集;另外需要保持缓冷过程中冰铜的还原环境,防止弥散于基底硫化相中的氧化亚铁颗粒被局部氧化为磁铁矿。
In order to explore the factors influencing the magnetic separation of cobalt and copper in slowly cooled co-balt matte and improve the separation efficiency,the occurrence state of cobalt,copper and iron,composition and dissemina-tion of mineral phases,and their changing characteristics in each sampling points where are located at the top shell,top,mid-dle and bottom shell of the matte bag are studied,by using of optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,electronprobe and chemical phase analysis. It was found that(1)sulfur content in middle part of cobalt matte was significantly higherthan that in the shell. The cobalt in the shell was mainly in the form of ferrocobalt alloy with strong magnetism,the cobalt inthe middle part was mainly in the form of ferrocobalt sulfide phase with weak magnetic properties,and the cobalt in the upperpart(side wall) was in the transition phase of ferrocobalt alloy and sulfide phase. The metal conversion rate of cobalt in the mid-dle of the cobalt matte coating is only 16.35%,which is the main factor affecting the magnetic separation of cobalt and copper.(2)ferrous oxide in cobalt matte were oxidized to ferroferric oxide in varying degrees,from the shell to the central,the oxida-tion degree of ferrous oxide particle in getting more deeply,ferrous oxide particle size distributed in bornite basal phase in mi-crogranular general with less than 0.020 mm,it is hard to be liberated is another major factor in influence cobalt copper mag-netic separation.(3)in order to improve the metal conversion rate and magnetic separation effect of cobalt in the middle of theslowly cooled cobalt matte bag,it is necessary to regulate the slow cooling temperature in the middle of the high temperaturecobalt matte bag,to prevent the segregation of substances with different melting points,especially the low melting point sul-fide to the central aggregation;In addition,it is necessary to maintain the reduction environment of matte in the slow coolingprocess to prevent the ferrous oxide particles dispersed in the base sulfide phase from being locally oxidized into magnetite.
In order to explore the factors influencing the magnetic separation of cobalt and copper in slowly cooled co-balt matte and improve the separation efficiency,the occurrence state of cobalt,copper and iron,composition and dissemina-tion of mineral phases,and their changing characteristics in each sampling points where are located at the top shell,top,mid-dle and bottom shell of the matte bag are studied,by using of optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,electronprobe and chemical phase analysis. It was found that(1)sulfur content in middle part of cobalt matte was significantly higherthan that in the shell. The cobalt in the shell was mainly in the form of ferrocobalt alloy with strong magnetism,the cobalt inthe middle part was mainly in the form of ferrocobalt sulfide phase with weak magnetic properties,and the cobalt in the upperpart(side wall) was in the transition phase of ferrocobalt alloy and sulfide phase. The metal conversion rate of cobalt in the mid-dle of the cobalt matte coating is only 16.35%,which is the main factor affecting the magnetic separation of cobalt and copper.(2)ferrous oxide in cobalt matte were oxidized to ferroferric oxide in varying degrees,from the shell to the central,the oxida-tion degree of ferrous oxide particle in getting more deeply,ferrous oxide particle size distributed in bornite basal phase in mi-crogranular general with less than 0.020 mm,it is hard to be liberated is another major factor in influence cobalt copper mag-netic separation.(3)in order to improve the metal conversion rate and magnetic separation effect of cobalt in the middle of theslowly cooled cobalt matte bag,it is necessary to regulate the slow cooling temperature in the middle of the high temperaturecobalt matte bag,to prevent the segregation of substances with different melting points,especially the low melting point sul-fide to the central aggregation;In addition,it is necessary to maintain the reduction environment of matte in the slow coolingprocess to prevent the ferrous oxide particles dispersed in the base sulfide phase from being locally oxidized into magnetite.
引文
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[2]朱海锋.铜炉渣矿物学特性及浮选基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.Zhu Haifeng.Study on the Mineralogy Process and Flotation Basic Research of Copper Slag[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014.
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[5]王光辉.从富钴铜转炉渣中回收铜、钴的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2011.Wang Guanghui.The Study of Recovery of Copper and Cobalt from Cobalt-enriched Copper Converter Slag[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2011.
[6]Yang W J,Wang C Y,Ma B Z,et al.Recovery of cobalt from copper converter slag by a selective reduction-roasting process[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,550-553:2186-2189.
[7]Wolf A,Mitrasinovic A M.Nickel,copper and cobalt coalescence in copper cliffconverter slag[J].Journal of Mining&Metallurgy,2016(2):143-150.
[8]Yin F,Xing P,Li Q,et al.Magnetic separation-sulphuric acid leaching of Cu-Co-Fe matte obtained from copper converter slag for recovering Cu and Co[J].Hydrometallurgy,2014,149:189-194.
[9]曹永存.谦比希富钴铜转炉渣中有价金属的提取研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2012.Cao Yongcun.Study on Recovery of Valuable Metals in Cobalt-bearing Converter Slag from Chambishi Copper Smelter[D].Shenyang:Northeastern university,2012.
[10]Zhai Xiujing,Li Naijun,Zhang Xu,et al.Recovery of cobalt from converter slag of Chambishi Copper Smelter using reduction smelting process[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011(9):2117-2121.
[2]朱海锋.铜炉渣矿物学特性及浮选基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.Zhu Haifeng.Study on the Mineralogy Process and Flotation Basic Research of Copper Slag[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014.
[3]田福纯,康瑜.矿物学在冶金过程中的应用--试论从铜镍转炉渣中回收钴[J].有色金属工程,1981(2):67-73.Tian Fuchun,Kang Yu.Application of mineralogy to extractive metallurgy─on recovery of cobalt from copper-nickel converter slags[J].Nonferrous metals,1981(2):67-73.
[4]郭艳华,戴惠新,杨俊龙.从含钴转炉渣中回收钴的方法及应用[J].冶金分析,2013(5):76-80.Guo Yanhua,Dai Huixin,Yang Junlong.Recovery method of cobalt from cobalt converter slag and its application[J].Metallurgy Analysis,2013(5):76-80.
[5]王光辉.从富钴铜转炉渣中回收铜、钴的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2011.Wang Guanghui.The Study of Recovery of Copper and Cobalt from Cobalt-enriched Copper Converter Slag[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2011.
[6]Yang W J,Wang C Y,Ma B Z,et al.Recovery of cobalt from copper converter slag by a selective reduction-roasting process[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,550-553:2186-2189.
[7]Wolf A,Mitrasinovic A M.Nickel,copper and cobalt coalescence in copper cliffconverter slag[J].Journal of Mining&Metallurgy,2016(2):143-150.
[8]Yin F,Xing P,Li Q,et al.Magnetic separation-sulphuric acid leaching of Cu-Co-Fe matte obtained from copper converter slag for recovering Cu and Co[J].Hydrometallurgy,2014,149:189-194.
[9]曹永存.谦比希富钴铜转炉渣中有价金属的提取研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2012.Cao Yongcun.Study on Recovery of Valuable Metals in Cobalt-bearing Converter Slag from Chambishi Copper Smelter[D].Shenyang:Northeastern university,2012.
[10]Zhai Xiujing,Li Naijun,Zhang Xu,et al.Recovery of cobalt from converter slag of Chambishi Copper Smelter using reduction smelting process[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011(9):2117-2121.