双洞洞距洞径比对地震下围岩稳定性研究
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摘要
为确保洞群间围岩的稳定性、施工及运行期的安全性以及经济上的合理性,选择相应合理的洞间距则至关重要.对于确定双洞合理洞距洞径比,规范往往只是针对开挖情况,并没有考虑地震作用.本文针对不同洞径的相邻隧洞,分析了在不同地震作用和不同本构下不同间距对软岩型洞室围岩的动力响应,基于洞间岩体塑性区贯通与否、隧洞围岩关键点相对位移曲线拐点,初步确定地震作用下软岩型双洞的合理洞距洞径比.结果表明,在地震作用下,双洞距离越近,围岩监测点的相对位移就越大,当距离小于洞径时,相对变形则远远大于其他情况,当距离在2～3倍时,相对变形则基本维持在一个稳定值;对于不同直径的洞室,在开挖作用下其合理间距是不一样的,但基本在1.5左右;先开挖,后受地震作用时,双洞围岩的响应趋势是一致的,与洞径大小无关,且其合理洞距洞径比大约在2～3之间;相比于开挖扰动影响,地震作用下的合理洞距洞径比要大,因此当需要确定高地震烈度地区软岩型双洞的合理洞间距时,除了要考虑开挖稳定情况,还要考虑地震作用.在类比其他文献的研究成果和国内外几个典型隧道的洞距洞径比的基础上,说明本文的结果比较符合实际情况.
In order to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock masses,safety and economic rationality during construction and operation of the adjacent underground tunnels,reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter of tunnels,has become an important and meaningful research topic.For determining the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter of soft rock double tunnels,the criterion is often only for the excavation,and does not take into account the earthquake situation.In this paper,the dynamic responses with different spacing under different earthquake actions and different constitutive relations were analyzed.Based on the plastic zone of the inter-tunnel rock mass connecting or not and the inflection point of the relative displacement curve of the key points of the surrounding rock mass of the tunnel,the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter of soft rock double tunnels under earthquake action was preliminarily determined.The results show that the closer the double tunnels are,the larger the relative displacement under earthquake.When the distance is smaller than the tunnel diameter,the relative deformation is much larger than other cases,when the distance is 2～3 times diameter,the relative deformation almost keeps.For tunnels with different diameters,the reasonable spacing is not the same as those under excavation,but its reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter is about 1.5.The trend of the surrounding rock response is the same under excavation and earthquake,having nothing to do with the diameter,and its reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter is about between 2 and 3.Compared with the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter under excavation,the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter under the action of the earthquake is larger.The effect of excavation and earthquake should be considered when determining the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter of soft rock double tunnels in high seismic intensity areas.Based on the analogy between research results of other researchers and the ratio of spacing to diameter of several typical tunnels at home and abroad,it is shown that the results of this paper are more realistic.
In order to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock masses,safety and economic rationality during construction and operation of the adjacent underground tunnels,reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter of tunnels,has become an important and meaningful research topic.For determining the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter of soft rock double tunnels,the criterion is often only for the excavation,and does not take into account the earthquake situation.In this paper,the dynamic responses with different spacing under different earthquake actions and different constitutive relations were analyzed.Based on the plastic zone of the inter-tunnel rock mass connecting or not and the inflection point of the relative displacement curve of the key points of the surrounding rock mass of the tunnel,the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter of soft rock double tunnels under earthquake action was preliminarily determined.The results show that the closer the double tunnels are,the larger the relative displacement under earthquake.When the distance is smaller than the tunnel diameter,the relative deformation is much larger than other cases,when the distance is 2～3 times diameter,the relative deformation almost keeps.For tunnels with different diameters,the reasonable spacing is not the same as those under excavation,but its reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter is about 1.5.The trend of the surrounding rock response is the same under excavation and earthquake,having nothing to do with the diameter,and its reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter is about between 2 and 3.Compared with the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter under excavation,the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter under the action of the earthquake is larger.The effect of excavation and earthquake should be considered when determining the reasonable ratio of spacing to diameter of soft rock double tunnels in high seismic intensity areas.Based on the analogy between research results of other researchers and the ratio of spacing to diameter of several typical tunnels at home and abroad,it is shown that the results of this paper are more realistic.
引文
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[7] 杨万精.基于离心模型试验的黄土公路隧道变形与围岩压力特征研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013 Yang Wanjing.Research on characteristics of deformation and surrounding rock pressure in loess highway tunnel based on centrifugal model test[D].Xi'an:Changan University,2013
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[10] 铁道第二勘察设计院.铁路隧道设计规范:TB-10003-2016[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2016 China Railway Second Survey & Design Institute.Code for design of railway tunnels:TB-10003-2016[S].China Railway Publishing House,2016
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[12] 汪仁义.双圆小净距隧道地震动响应研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2012 Wang Renyi.Dynamic response of twin closely-spaced tunnels to earthquake waves[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2012
[13] 陈健琦.层状半空间中双洞室对斜入射平面SV波的三维散射[D].天津:天津大学,2011 Chen Jianqi.3-D scattering of incident plane SV waves by twin cavities in layered space[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2011
[14] 赵青.不利地质结构对大型地下洞室群地震动稳定性影响研究[D].武汉:武汉轻工大学,2015 Zhao Qing.Seismic stability influence of underground cavern complex by adverse geological structure[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Polytechnic University,2015
[15] 赵宝友.大型岩体洞室地震响应及减震措施研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009 Zhao Baoyou.Research on seismic response and seismic resistance measure for large rock cavern under earthquake motion[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009
[16] 杨万斌,薛玺成.地下洞室的间距和断面优化计算方法[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):61-63 Yang Wanbin,Xue Xicheng.The optimized calculation method for spacing and cross section of underground tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):61-63
[17] 张永兴,胡居义,何青云,等.基于强度折减法小净距隧道合理净距的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,(3):64-67 Zhang Yongxing,Hu Juyi,He Qingyun,et al.On rational clear spacing of tunnel with small clear spacing based on strength reduction technique[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2006,(3):64-67
[18] 黄润秋,许强.突变理论在工程地质中的应用[J].工程地质学报,1993,1(1):65-73 Huang Runqiu,Xu Qiang.Application of catastrophe theory to engineering geology[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1993,1(1):65-73
[19] 杨天鸿,芮勇勤,唐春安,等.抚顺西露天矿蠕动边坡变形特征及稳定性动态分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):153-156 Yang Tianhong,Rui Yongqin,Tang Chunan,et al.Study on deformation features and dynamic stability of creeping slope of Fushun West Strip Mine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(1):153-156
[20] 付晓东.大型岩体工程地震动力响应的非连续变形分析方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014 Fu Xiaodong.Investigation on discontinuous deformation analysis method of seismic dynamic response for large rock mass engineering[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014
[21] 王金龙.公路双洞隧道地震响应因素分析及减震措施研究[J].公路,2014,(3):213-218 Wang Jinlong.Analysis of seismic response factors and study on vibration reduction measures of double tunnel in highway[J].Highway,2014,(3):213-218
[22] 皇民.浅埋双洞隧道地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009 Huang Min.Study on seismic dynamic response of shallow buried double tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009
[23] 施有志,车爱兰,周先齐,等.双洞八车道大断面隧道地震动力响应数值分析[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(4):510-518 Shi Yongzhi,Che Ailan,Zhou Xianqi,et al.Numerical seismic dynamic response analysis of double-hole eight-lane large section tunnel[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(4):510-518
[2] 中水北方勘测设计研究有限公司.水电站厂房设计规范:SL266-2014[S].北京:中华人民共和国水利部中国水利水电出版社,2014 Bei Fang Investigation,Design & Research CO.LTD.Code for design of hydropower station building:SL266-2014[S].China Water & Power Press,2014
[3] 江权,冯夏庭,周辉.锦屏二级水电站深埋引水隧洞群允许最小间距研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(3):656-662 Jiang Quan,Feng Xiating,Zhou Hui.Study on acceptable minimum interval of long deeply burial hydropower tunnels in Jinping II hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(3):656-662
[4] 卞志兵,高正夏,宗文亮,等.基于Flac3d的岩脉条件下地下洞室间距及围岩稳定分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2016,49(4):539-543 Bian Zhibing,Gao Zhengxia,Zong Wenliang,et.al.Research on spacing of underground caverns and stability of surrounding rock mass in condition of rock dikes based on Flac3d[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2016,49(4):539-543
[5] 段亚刚.地下大型储备库洞室断面形状优化及合理间距研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007 Duan Yagang.Optimization of cross sections and distance of large underground storage cavern[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2007
[6] 田志宇.公路小净距隧道相似模型试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006.Tian Zhiyu.Study on highway neighborhood tunnel by similar model test[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2006
[7] 杨万精.基于离心模型试验的黄土公路隧道变形与围岩压力特征研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013 Yang Wanjing.Research on characteristics of deformation and surrounding rock pressure in loess highway tunnel based on centrifugal model test[D].Xi'an:Changan University,2013
[8] 重庆交通科研设计院.公路隧道设计规范:JTG_D70/2-2014[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2014 Chongqing Communications Technology Research & Design Institute.Code for design of road tunnels:JTG_D70/2-2014[S].China Communications Press,2014
[9] 韩福良,田武飞.平行相邻巷道间距的确定[J].江苏煤炭,1997,(1):38-40 Han Fuliang,Tian Wufei.Determination of two near laneway[J].Jiangsu Coal,1997,(1):38-40
[10] 铁道第二勘察设计院.铁路隧道设计规范:TB-10003-2016[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2016 China Railway Second Survey & Design Institute.Code for design of railway tunnels:TB-10003-2016[S].China Railway Publishing House,2016
[11] 水利部东北勘测设计研究院.水工隧洞设计规范:SL279-2016[S].北京:中华人民共和国水利部中国水利水电出版社,2016 China Water Northeastern Investigation,Design & Research Co.,Ltd.Specification for design of hydraulic tunnel:SL279-2016[S].China Water & Power Press,2016
[12] 汪仁义.双圆小净距隧道地震动响应研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2012 Wang Renyi.Dynamic response of twin closely-spaced tunnels to earthquake waves[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2012
[13] 陈健琦.层状半空间中双洞室对斜入射平面SV波的三维散射[D].天津:天津大学,2011 Chen Jianqi.3-D scattering of incident plane SV waves by twin cavities in layered space[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2011
[14] 赵青.不利地质结构对大型地下洞室群地震动稳定性影响研究[D].武汉:武汉轻工大学,2015 Zhao Qing.Seismic stability influence of underground cavern complex by adverse geological structure[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Polytechnic University,2015
[15] 赵宝友.大型岩体洞室地震响应及减震措施研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009 Zhao Baoyou.Research on seismic response and seismic resistance measure for large rock cavern under earthquake motion[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009
[16] 杨万斌,薛玺成.地下洞室的间距和断面优化计算方法[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):61-63 Yang Wanbin,Xue Xicheng.The optimized calculation method for spacing and cross section of underground tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):61-63
[17] 张永兴,胡居义,何青云,等.基于强度折减法小净距隧道合理净距的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,(3):64-67 Zhang Yongxing,Hu Juyi,He Qingyun,et al.On rational clear spacing of tunnel with small clear spacing based on strength reduction technique[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2006,(3):64-67
[18] 黄润秋,许强.突变理论在工程地质中的应用[J].工程地质学报,1993,1(1):65-73 Huang Runqiu,Xu Qiang.Application of catastrophe theory to engineering geology[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1993,1(1):65-73
[19] 杨天鸿,芮勇勤,唐春安,等.抚顺西露天矿蠕动边坡变形特征及稳定性动态分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):153-156 Yang Tianhong,Rui Yongqin,Tang Chunan,et al.Study on deformation features and dynamic stability of creeping slope of Fushun West Strip Mine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(1):153-156
[20] 付晓东.大型岩体工程地震动力响应的非连续变形分析方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014 Fu Xiaodong.Investigation on discontinuous deformation analysis method of seismic dynamic response for large rock mass engineering[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014
[21] 王金龙.公路双洞隧道地震响应因素分析及减震措施研究[J].公路,2014,(3):213-218 Wang Jinlong.Analysis of seismic response factors and study on vibration reduction measures of double tunnel in highway[J].Highway,2014,(3):213-218
[22] 皇民.浅埋双洞隧道地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009 Huang Min.Study on seismic dynamic response of shallow buried double tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009
[23] 施有志,车爱兰,周先齐,等.双洞八车道大断面隧道地震动力响应数值分析[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(4):510-518 Shi Yongzhi,Che Ailan,Zhou Xianqi,et al.Numerical seismic dynamic response analysis of double-hole eight-lane large section tunnel[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(4):510-518