地下工程远程在线遥测技术及在大狮子隧道的应用
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摘要
近年来,国内山岭隧道塌方事故频发,造成了惨重的人员伤亡和巨大的设备损失,如何通过现场监测实时掌控围岩稳定性并进行安全预警已成为当前山岭隧道修建的关键难题之一。依托围岩塌方风险较高的大狮子隧道(宁波地区最长的公路隧道),阐明了隧道内围岩远程在线遥测技术的信号采集、传输与后台处理原理,基于现场监测组网的总线理论(FCS)和分组无线传输技术(GPRS),提出了一种新型隧道远程在线遥测系统构架方式。该系统构架采用洞内有线+无线的组网方案,包括监测数据的采集传输、管理分析、远程接收子系统3个部分。运用该系统对大狮子隧道围岩变形、锚杆应力、围岩与钢拱架之间喷层压应力开展了全天候实时高频监测,并采用服务器+客户端模式,实现了采集数据远程同步高速传输与多单位实时监控。通过分析高频采集数据后获得的监测量时程曲线(变形、应力、压力),发现大狮子隧道的围岩变形在整体变化趋势上呈现出一种台阶式的波动增长变化规律,受爆破开挖影响后变形值产生突变;同时围岩变形与喷层压力值受后续隧道开挖扰动的波动影响较大,但总体变化趋势上基本经历了前期快速变化-中期缓慢变化-后期逐步稳定3个阶段。通过对隧道近一年的远程在线监测表明,其技术可完全实现地下工程围岩稳定性的远程遥测和无人值守预警,具有良好的应用前景。
In recent years, the mountain tunnel collapse accidents occur frequently in China, which results in heavy casualties and huge property damage. Hence, the real-time field monitoring of surrounding rock stability and the early safety warning have become one of the key issues in current mountain tunnel constructions. Firstly, this paper clarified all the relating concepts of the remote online monitoring technology, including its signal collection, transmission and background processing principle, focus control system(FCS) and general packet radio service(GPRS). Then, a new type of tunnel remote telemetry system was proposed. The system adopted the wired and wireless networking schemes in the tunnels, including the signal collection and transmission subsystem, the management analysis subsystem and the remote receiving subsystem. Finally, the system was applied to Dashizi tunnel with the high-risk collapse, the longest road tunnel in Ningbo. All-weather real-time high-frequency monitoring was recorded, including the deformation of surrounding rock, the stress of bolts, and the shotcrete stress between surrounding rock and steel arch. In addition, server + client mode was employed to achieve a high-speed transmission of remote data and multi-unit real-time monitoring. The obtained time-history curves(i.e., deformation, stress and pressure) were analyzed. It indicates that the deformation of surrounding rock of Dashizi tunnel shows a change of the step-like fluctuation and exhibits a mutation after blasting excavation. Meanwhile, it is found that the deformation of surrounding rock and the pressure of the shotcrete layer are greatly affected by the tunnel excavation disturbance. However, the overall trend of change basically undergoes rapid change at the early stage, a slow change at the middle stage and the gradual stability at the late stage. Through the remote online monitoring of the tunnel for nearly one year, it shows that the technology can realize the long-range telemetry and unattended warning of the stability of underground engineering surrounding rock, which has great application prospect.
In recent years, the mountain tunnel collapse accidents occur frequently in China, which results in heavy casualties and huge property damage. Hence, the real-time field monitoring of surrounding rock stability and the early safety warning have become one of the key issues in current mountain tunnel constructions. Firstly, this paper clarified all the relating concepts of the remote online monitoring technology, including its signal collection, transmission and background processing principle, focus control system(FCS) and general packet radio service(GPRS). Then, a new type of tunnel remote telemetry system was proposed. The system adopted the wired and wireless networking schemes in the tunnels, including the signal collection and transmission subsystem, the management analysis subsystem and the remote receiving subsystem. Finally, the system was applied to Dashizi tunnel with the high-risk collapse, the longest road tunnel in Ningbo. All-weather real-time high-frequency monitoring was recorded, including the deformation of surrounding rock, the stress of bolts, and the shotcrete stress between surrounding rock and steel arch. In addition, server + client mode was employed to achieve a high-speed transmission of remote data and multi-unit real-time monitoring. The obtained time-history curves(i.e., deformation, stress and pressure) were analyzed. It indicates that the deformation of surrounding rock of Dashizi tunnel shows a change of the step-like fluctuation and exhibits a mutation after blasting excavation. Meanwhile, it is found that the deformation of surrounding rock and the pressure of the shotcrete layer are greatly affected by the tunnel excavation disturbance. However, the overall trend of change basically undergoes rapid change at the early stage, a slow change at the middle stage and the gradual stability at the late stage. Through the remote online monitoring of the tunnel for nearly one year, it shows that the technology can realize the long-range telemetry and unattended warning of the stability of underground engineering surrounding rock, which has great application prospect.
引文
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[3]高文工,王洪兴.基于监控量测的山岭隧道塌方大变形预警研究[J].公路,2015,(2):248-251.GAO Wen-gong,WANG Hong-xing.Research on large deformation pre-warning of collapse in mountain tunnel based on monitoring measurement[J].High Way,2015,(2):248-251.
[4]王劲松,陈正阳,梁光华.GPS一机多天线公路高边坡实时监测系统研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1532-1536.WANG Jin-song,CHEN Zheng-yang,LIANG Guang-hua.Study of real time monitoring system of highway steep slopes based on GPS with multi-antenna[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1532-1536.
[5]吴浩,黄创,张建华,等.GNSS/GIS集成的露天矿高边坡变形监测系统研究与应用[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2015,40(5):706-710.WU Hao,HUANG Chuang,ZHANG Jian-hua,et al.Deformation monitoring system for high slope in open pit mine with the integration of GNSS and GIS[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015,40(5):706-710.
[6]许利凯,李世海,刘晓宇,等.三峡库区奉节天池滑坡实时遥测技术应用实例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊2):4477-4483.XU Li-kai,LI Shi-hai,LIU Xiao-yu,et al.Application of real-time telemetry technology to landslide in Tianchi Fengjie of Three Gorges Reservoir Region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2):4477-4483.
[7]陶志刚,李海鹏,孙光林,等.基于恒阻大变形锚索的滑坡监测预警系统研发及应用[J].岩土力学,2015,36(10):3032-3040.TAO Zhi-gang,LI Hai-peng,SUN Guang-lin,et al.Development of monitoring and early warning system for landslides based on constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(10):3032-3040.
[8]高杰,尚岳全,孙红月,等.CCD微变形监测技术在边坡远程监控中的应用[J].岩土力学,2011,32(4):1269-1272.GAO Jie,SHANG Yue-quan,SUN Hong-yue,et al.Application of CCD micro-deformation monitoring technology to slope remote monitoring[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(4):1269-1272.
[9]邬凯,盛谦,张勇慧,等.山区公路路基边坡地质灾害远程监测预报系统开发及应用[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3683-3688.WU Kai,SHENG Qian,ZHANG Yong-hui,et al.Development of real-time remote monitoring and forecasting system for geological disasters at subgrade slopes of mountainous highways and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3683-3688.
[10]OHBAYASHI R,NAKAJIMA Y,NISHIKADO H,et al.Monitoring system for landslide disaster by wireless sensing node network[C]//SICE Annual Conference.Tokyo:IEEE International,2008:1704-1710.
[11]赵丽,仲崇波,伟赟,等.基于无线传感器网络技术的山区高速公路边坡监测方案[J].交通标准化,2008,(11):34-38.ZHAO Li,ZHONG Chong-bo,WEI Yun,et al.Based on wireless sensor network technology of mountain highway slope monitoring program traffic[J].Transportation Standardization,2008,(11)11:34-38.
[12]何满潮.滑坡地质灾害远程监测预报系统及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1081-1090.HE Man-chao.Real-time remote monitoring and forecasting system for geological disasters of landslide s and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1081-1090.
[13]嵇中.无线传感网络技术在隧道变形与防灾监测中的应用研究[J].隧道建设,2014,34(2):134-139.JI Zhong.Application of wireless sensor network technology in the tunnel deformation and disaster monitoring[J].Tunnel Construction,2014,34(2):134-139.
[14]LI X,JI Z,ZHU H,et al.A feasibility study of the measuring accuracy and capability of wireless sensor networks in tunnel monitoring[J].Frontiers of Structural&Civil Engineering,2012,6(2):111-120.
[15]林仕雄.彩虹岭隧道监控系统设计[J].广东交通职业技术学院学报,2005,4(1):35-40.LIN Shi-xiong.Monitoring system design of Caihongling tunnel[J].Guangdong Vocational and Technical College Transportation Technology,2005,4(1):35-40.
[16]徐祥其.开展了电水平尺沉降自动遥测系统在地铁监护中的应用研究[J].岩土工程界,12(2):71-74.XU Xiang-qi.The application of the automatic measurement system for measuring the level of the electrical system in the subway is studied.The research on the application of[J].Geotechnical Engineering World,12(2):71-74.
[17]肖瀚.隧道环境系统在电力隧道中的建设和应用[J].电气制造,2013,4:64-67.XIAO Han.The tunnel environment system in electric power tunnel construction and its application[J].Electrical Manufacturing,2013,4:64-67.
[18]高文学,邓洪亮,孙西蒙,等.隧道掘进综合信息智能监控系统研究[J].公路隧道,2012,2:5-10.GAO Wen-xue,DENG Hong-liang,SUN Xi-meng,et al.Research on the intelligent monitoring system of comprehensive information in tunnel excavation[J].Road Tunnel,2012,2:5-10.
[19]IEEE 1451 committee.IEEE standard 1451.2-1997.standard for a smart transducer interface for sensors and actuators-transducer to microprocessor communication protocols and transducer electronic data sheet(TEDS)[S].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1997.
[20]王德盛.电感调频式位移传感器与应用[J].微型机与应用,1994,(12):11-13.WANG de-sheng.Inductance frequency modulation displacement sensor and its application[J].Microcomputer&Its Applications,1994,(12):11-13.
[21]刘卫玲,姚世选,段晋军,等.基于电磁谐振的电感式位移传感器的频率分析[J].电子测量技术,2012,35(8):82-85.LIU Wei-ling,YAO Shi-xuan,DUAN Jin-jun,et al.Frequency analysis of the introduction sensor for distance measurement based on electromagnetic resonance[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2012,35(8):82-85.
[22]王锦标.现场总线控制系统[J].化工自动化及仪表,1997,(2):3-8.WANG Jin-biao.Fieldbus control system[J].Control and Instruments in Chemical Industry,1997,(2):3-8.
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