知识产权保护的经济增长效应研究——基于人力资本的验证
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摘要
本文首先建立了一个包含中间产品部门、最终产品部门和R&D研发部门的发展中国家开放经济模型,通过引入知识产权保护变量进行研究发现:在发展中国家中,知识产权保护通过人力资本配置推动自主创新和技术模仿进而促进经济增长;在自主创新活动为主导的情形下,知识产权保护促进经济增长;在技术模仿为主导的情形下,知识产权保护具有明显的门槛特征。进一步地,采用中国30个省份2002—2016年的统计数据开展实证研究,其结果表明:在现阶段技术模仿为主、自主创新不占优的情形下,我国知识产权保护水平对人力资本增长效应存在门槛效应,即当知识产权保护水平处于低门槛值时,人力资本投资的增加可以显著地促进经济增长;当知识产权保护水平处于中等水平时,人力资本仍旧可以促进经济增长,但其增长效应低于低门槛时的数值;当知识产权保护水平超过高门槛值时,人力资本的增加反而会抑制经济增长。从促进经济增长的角度而言,我国知识产权保护制度安排应根据人力资本水平变动趋势开展相应调整。
Firstly,we establish the open economy model including intermediate products department,final products department and R&D department in developing countries. Through the introduction of the intellectual property protection,it is found that the intellectual property protection policy of the developing countries effectively balances and motivates innovation and technology imitation through the allocation of human capital. When independent innovation activities dominate,the protection of intellectual property promotes economic growth; when technology imitations dominate,intellectual property protection has a significant threshold characteristics. Furthermore,the empirical research on the statistics of 30 provinces in China from 2002 to 2016 shows that the protection level of intellectual property has a threshold effect on the growth effect of human capital under the condition that technology imitation dominates independent innovation,that is,when intellectual property protection is below the low threshold,the increase in human capital investment can significantly promote economic growth; when intellectual property protection is at a moderate level,human capital can still promote economic growth,but its growth effect is smaller than the first case; when intellectual property protection exceeds the high threshold,the increase in human capital will inhibit economic growth. From the perspective of promoting economic growth,China should adjust the institutional arrangements of intellectual property protection according to the dynamic changes of human capital level,and give full play to the role of human capital.
Firstly,we establish the open economy model including intermediate products department,final products department and R&D department in developing countries. Through the introduction of the intellectual property protection,it is found that the intellectual property protection policy of the developing countries effectively balances and motivates innovation and technology imitation through the allocation of human capital. When independent innovation activities dominate,the protection of intellectual property promotes economic growth; when technology imitations dominate,intellectual property protection has a significant threshold characteristics. Furthermore,the empirical research on the statistics of 30 provinces in China from 2002 to 2016 shows that the protection level of intellectual property has a threshold effect on the growth effect of human capital under the condition that technology imitation dominates independent innovation,that is,when intellectual property protection is below the low threshold,the increase in human capital investment can significantly promote economic growth; when intellectual property protection is at a moderate level,human capital can still promote economic growth,but its growth effect is smaller than the first case; when intellectual property protection exceeds the high threshold,the increase in human capital will inhibit economic growth. From the perspective of promoting economic growth,China should adjust the institutional arrangements of intellectual property protection according to the dynamic changes of human capital level,and give full play to the role of human capital.
引文
[1]冯晓青:《知识产权法与公共利益探微》,《行政法学研究》2005年第1期。
[2]Yang G.,Maskus K.E.Intellectual Property Rights,Licensing and Innovation in an Endogenous Product Cycle Model,Journal of International Economics,2001,53(1):169-187.
[3]李平、崔喜君、刘建:《中国自主创新中研发资本投入产出绩效分析---兼论人力资本和知识产权保护的影响》,《中国社会科学》2007年第2期。
[4]Noorbakhsh F.,Paloni A.,Youssef A.Human Capital and FDI Inflows to Developing Countries:New Empirical Evidence,World Development,2001,29(9):1593-1610.
[5]彭水军、包群、赖明勇:《技术外溢与吸收能力:基于开放经济下的内生增长模型分析》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2005年第8期。
[6]Chen Y.,Puttitanun T.Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries,Journal of Development Economics,2005(2)。
[7]吴超鹏、唐菂:《知识产权保护执法力度、技术创新与企业绩效》,《经济研究》2016年第11期。
[8]Furukawa Y.The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and Endogenous Growth:Is Stronger Always Better?Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,2007,31(11):3644-3670.
[9]李平、随洪光:《知识产权保护对外商直接投资溢出效应影响的研究---基于中国高新技术产业的实证分析》,《经济评论》2007年第6期。
[10]Thompson M.A.,Rushing F.W.An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Patent Protection of Economic Growth,Journal of Economic Development,1996,24(1):67-76.
[11]刘思明、侯鹏、赵彦云:《知识产权保护与中国工业创新能力---来自省级大型工业企业面板数据的实证研究》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2015年第3期。
[12]易先忠、张亚斌:《技术差距、知识产权保护与后发国技术进步》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2006年第10期。
[13]阳立高、贺正楚、柒江艺、韩峰:《发展中国家知识产权保护、人力资本与经济增长》,《中国软科学》2013年第11期。
[14]韩玉雄、李怀祖:《关于中国知识产权保护水平的定量分析》,《科学学研究》,2005年第3期。
[15]Romer,P M.Endogenous technological change,The Journal of Political Economy,1990,(98):71-102.
[16]Barro R J.Determinants of economic growth:a cross-country empirical study,MIT Press,1997.
[17]Benhabib J.,Spiegel M.Human Capital and Technology Diffusion,Handbook of Economic Growth,2005,(1):935-966.
[18]余长林:《知识产权保护与发展中国家的经济增长》,《厦门大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2010年第2期。
[19]Rapp R.T.,Rozek R.P.Benefits and Costs of Intellectual Property Protection in Developing Countries,Journal of World Trade,1990,24:75-102.
[20]Ginarte J.C.,Park W.G.Determinants of Patent Rights:ACross-national Study,Research Policy,1997,26(3):283-301.
[21]单豪杰:《中国资本存量K的再估算:1952-2006年》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2008年第10期。
[2]Yang G.,Maskus K.E.Intellectual Property Rights,Licensing and Innovation in an Endogenous Product Cycle Model,Journal of International Economics,2001,53(1):169-187.
[3]李平、崔喜君、刘建:《中国自主创新中研发资本投入产出绩效分析---兼论人力资本和知识产权保护的影响》,《中国社会科学》2007年第2期。
[4]Noorbakhsh F.,Paloni A.,Youssef A.Human Capital and FDI Inflows to Developing Countries:New Empirical Evidence,World Development,2001,29(9):1593-1610.
[5]彭水军、包群、赖明勇:《技术外溢与吸收能力:基于开放经济下的内生增长模型分析》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2005年第8期。
[6]Chen Y.,Puttitanun T.Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries,Journal of Development Economics,2005(2)。
[7]吴超鹏、唐菂:《知识产权保护执法力度、技术创新与企业绩效》,《经济研究》2016年第11期。
[8]Furukawa Y.The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and Endogenous Growth:Is Stronger Always Better?Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,2007,31(11):3644-3670.
[9]李平、随洪光:《知识产权保护对外商直接投资溢出效应影响的研究---基于中国高新技术产业的实证分析》,《经济评论》2007年第6期。
[10]Thompson M.A.,Rushing F.W.An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Patent Protection of Economic Growth,Journal of Economic Development,1996,24(1):67-76.
[11]刘思明、侯鹏、赵彦云:《知识产权保护与中国工业创新能力---来自省级大型工业企业面板数据的实证研究》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2015年第3期。
[12]易先忠、张亚斌:《技术差距、知识产权保护与后发国技术进步》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2006年第10期。
[13]阳立高、贺正楚、柒江艺、韩峰:《发展中国家知识产权保护、人力资本与经济增长》,《中国软科学》2013年第11期。
[14]韩玉雄、李怀祖:《关于中国知识产权保护水平的定量分析》,《科学学研究》,2005年第3期。
[15]Romer,P M.Endogenous technological change,The Journal of Political Economy,1990,(98):71-102.
[16]Barro R J.Determinants of economic growth:a cross-country empirical study,MIT Press,1997.
[17]Benhabib J.,Spiegel M.Human Capital and Technology Diffusion,Handbook of Economic Growth,2005,(1):935-966.
[18]余长林:《知识产权保护与发展中国家的经济增长》,《厦门大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2010年第2期。
[19]Rapp R.T.,Rozek R.P.Benefits and Costs of Intellectual Property Protection in Developing Countries,Journal of World Trade,1990,24:75-102.
[20]Ginarte J.C.,Park W.G.Determinants of Patent Rights:ACross-national Study,Research Policy,1997,26(3):283-301.
[21]单豪杰:《中国资本存量K的再估算:1952-2006年》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2008年第10期。