缺氧MBBR耦合部分厌氧氨氧化强化城市生活污水深度脱氮
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摘要
缺氧MBBR是强化传统城市污水处理系统脱氮的一种方法,本研究通过向城市污水后置反硝化SBR中投加填料构建了缺氧双污泥系统,实现了城市生活污水部分厌氧氨氧化深度脱氮.在250d的运行中脱氮性能逐渐提高并实现稳定,出水总氮在5 mg·L~(-1)左右. 211～250 d的平均硝氮、氨氮和总氮去除率分别为(97. 7±2. 9)%、(93. 3±2. 9)%和(94. 3±2. 7)%.长期运行中观测到氨氮和硝氮的同步去除.针对氨氮去除途径进行分析,系统同化、硝化作用微弱.缺氧MBBR中存在厌氧氨氧化活性且对脱氮有不可忽视的作用.实时定量PCR结果进一步说明缺氧MBBR中厌氧氨氧化菌富集,特别是缺氧填料生物膜中厌氧氨氧化菌丰度由初始的4. 37×10~7copies·g~(-1)增长到了2. 28×10~(10)copies·g~(-1).本研究表明缺氧填料生物膜在厌氧氨氧化的富集强化城市污水深度脱氮中或许具有可应用的潜能.
Anoxic MBBR is a process to achieve advanced denitrification from municipal wastewater. Here,anoxic MBBR was applied as a post-denitrification SBR to achieve advanced denitrification by partial anammox( anaerobic ammonium oxidation). During a 250-day operation,denitrification performance gradually improved and the total nitrogen concentration of the effluent was approximately 5 mg·L~(-1). The average nitrate,ammonia,and total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies were( 97. 7 ± 2. 9) %,( 93. 3 ± 2. 9) %,and( 94. 3 ± 2. 7) %,respectively,between day 211 and 250. The simultaneous removal of ammonia and nitrate was observed in the anoxic reactor. Analysis of the ammonia removal pathway revealed that assimilation and nitrification were poor in the anoxic MBBR.The anammox activity test and the denitrification performance showed that anammox occurred and played a not insignificant role in the anoxic MBBR. The results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that anammox bacteria enriched in anoxic MBBR,especially in the anoxic carrier biofilms,where the abundance of anammox bacteria increased from 4. 37 × 10~7 copies·g~(-1) to 2. 28 × 10~(10) copies·g~(-1).This study demonstrates that anoxic carrier biofilms may have potential applications in anammox bacterial enrichment to enhance denitrification from municipal wastewater.
Anoxic MBBR is a process to achieve advanced denitrification from municipal wastewater. Here,anoxic MBBR was applied as a post-denitrification SBR to achieve advanced denitrification by partial anammox( anaerobic ammonium oxidation). During a 250-day operation,denitrification performance gradually improved and the total nitrogen concentration of the effluent was approximately 5 mg·L~(-1). The average nitrate,ammonia,and total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies were( 97. 7 ± 2. 9) %,( 93. 3 ± 2. 9) %,and( 94. 3 ± 2. 7) %,respectively,between day 211 and 250. The simultaneous removal of ammonia and nitrate was observed in the anoxic reactor. Analysis of the ammonia removal pathway revealed that assimilation and nitrification were poor in the anoxic MBBR.The anammox activity test and the denitrification performance showed that anammox occurred and played a not insignificant role in the anoxic MBBR. The results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that anammox bacteria enriched in anoxic MBBR,especially in the anoxic carrier biofilms,where the abundance of anammox bacteria increased from 4. 37 × 10~7 copies·g~(-1) to 2. 28 × 10~(10) copies·g~(-1).This study demonstrates that anoxic carrier biofilms may have potential applications in anammox bacterial enrichment to enhance denitrification from municipal wastewater.
引文
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[22]Schmid M,Walsh K,Webb R,et al.Candidatus“Scalindua brodae”,sp.nov.,Candidatus“Scalindua wagneri”,sp.nov.,two new species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J].Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2003,26(4):529-538.
[23]Koike S,Krapac I G,Oliver H D,et al.Monitoring and source tracking of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater adjacent to swine production facilities over a 3-year period[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(15):4813-4823.
[24]Kalyuzhnyi S,Gladchenko M.DEAMOX-New microbiological process of nitrogen removal from strong nitrogenous wastewater[J].Desalination,2009,248(1-3):783-793.
[25]Van Kessel M A H J,Speth D R,Albertsen M,et al.Complete nitrification by a single microorganism[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):555-559.
[26]Jetten M S M,Van Niftrik L,Strous M,et al.Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria[J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2009,44(2-3):65-84.
[27]Falkowski P G,Tom F,Delong E F.The microbial engines that drive Earth's biogeochemical cycles[J].Science,2008,320(5879):1034-1039.
[28]Heijnen J J,Mulder A,Enger W,et al.Review on the application of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors in waste-water treatment[J].The Chemical Engineering Journal,1989,41(3):B37-B50.
[2]Mulder A,Van De Graaf A A,Robertson L A,et al.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1995,16(3):177-184.
[3]Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al.The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[4]Burgin A J,Hamilton S K.Have we overemphasized the role of denitrification in aquatic ecosystems?A review of nitrate removal pathways[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2007,5(2):89-96.
[5]Kartal B,Kuenen J G,Van Loosdrecht M C M.Sewage treatment with anammox[J].Science,2010,328(5979):702-703.
[6]Van Dongen U,Jetten M S M,Van Loosdrecht M C M.The SHARON-Anammoxprocess for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater[J].Water Science&Technology,2001,44(1):153-160.
[7]Ma B,Zhang S J,Zhang L,et al.The feasibility of using a twostage autotrophic nitrogen removal process to treat sewage[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(17):8331-8334.
[8]Laureni M,Falas P,Robin O,et al.Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox:long-term process stability and effluent quality at low temperatures[J].Water Research,2016,101:628-639.
[9]Wang S Y,Peng Y Z,Ma B,et al.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in traditional municipal wastewater treatment plants with low-strength ammonium loading:widespread but overlooked[J].Water Research,2015,84:66-75.
[10]Park H,Brotto A C,Van Loosdrecht M C M,et al.Discovery and metagenomic analysis of an anammox bacterial enrichment related to Candidatus“Brocadia caroliniensis”in a full-scale glycerol-fed nitritation-denitritation separate centrate treatment process[J].Water Research,2017,111:265-273.
[11]Corbalá-Robles L,Picioreanu C,Van Loosdrecht M C M,et al.Analysing the effects of the aeration pattern and residual ammonium concentration in a partial nitritation-anammox process[J].Environmental Technology,2016,37(6):694-702.
[12]Vlaeminck S E,Terada A,Smets B F,et al.Aggregate size and architecture determine microbial activity balance for one-stage partial nitritation and anammox[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2010,76(3):900-909.
[13]Ibrahim M,Yusof N,Yusoff M Z M,et al.Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)bacteria for short start-up of the anammox process:a review[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57(30):13958-13978.
[14]Soliman M,Eldyasti A.Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB):opportunities and applications-a review[J].Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2018,17(2):285-321.
[15]Shieh W K,Keenan J D.Fluidized bed biofilm reactor for wastewater treatment[A].In:Bioproducts[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1986,33:131-169.
[16]Beliavski M,Meerovich I,Tarre S,et al.Biological denitrification of brines from membrane treatment processes using an upflow sludge blanket(USB)reactor[J].Water Science&Technology,2010,61(4):911-917.
[17]Kwok W K,Picioreanu C,Ong S L,et al.Influence of biomass production and detachment forces on biofilm structures in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1998,58(4):400-407.
[18]李景贤,罗麟,杨慧霞.MBBR法工艺的应用现状及其研究进展[J].四川环境,2007,26(5):97-101.Li J X,Luo L,Yang H X.Status quo of application and research progress of MBBR process[J].Sichuan Environment,2007,26(5):97-101.
[19]Aspegren H,Nyberg U,Andersson B,et al.Post denitrification in a moving bed biofilm reactor process[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,38(1):31-38.
[20]Walter W G.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(11th ed.)[J].American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health,1961,51(6):940.
[21]Schmid M,Twachtmann U,Klein M,et al.Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable of catalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J].Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2000,23(1):93-106.
[22]Schmid M,Walsh K,Webb R,et al.Candidatus“Scalindua brodae”,sp.nov.,Candidatus“Scalindua wagneri”,sp.nov.,two new species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J].Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2003,26(4):529-538.
[23]Koike S,Krapac I G,Oliver H D,et al.Monitoring and source tracking of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater adjacent to swine production facilities over a 3-year period[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(15):4813-4823.
[24]Kalyuzhnyi S,Gladchenko M.DEAMOX-New microbiological process of nitrogen removal from strong nitrogenous wastewater[J].Desalination,2009,248(1-3):783-793.
[25]Van Kessel M A H J,Speth D R,Albertsen M,et al.Complete nitrification by a single microorganism[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):555-559.
[26]Jetten M S M,Van Niftrik L,Strous M,et al.Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria[J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2009,44(2-3):65-84.
[27]Falkowski P G,Tom F,Delong E F.The microbial engines that drive Earth's biogeochemical cycles[J].Science,2008,320(5879):1034-1039.
[28]Heijnen J J,Mulder A,Enger W,et al.Review on the application of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors in waste-water treatment[J].The Chemical Engineering Journal,1989,41(3):B37-B50.