生物质热解多联产在北方农村清洁供暖中的适用性评价
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摘要
推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖,关系北方地区广大群众温暖过冬,关系雾霾天能不能减少。该文在总结中国北方农村地区采暖现状的基础上,阐释了清洁采暖的现实问题和基本需求。归纳梳理了生物质热解多联产的技术特征和主要多联产模式。在此基础上,提出了以生物质热解多联产技术为核心,适合中国北方农村地区清洁供暖的技术路径与应用模式,对各模式技术可行性、经济可行性和环境影响等进行了分析。研究结果表明,现有经济技术条件下,生物质热解多联产适用于北方地区农村清洁供暖,尤其适合优先示范推广以自然村或新型农村社区为单位的小型集中或分散供暖,200户左右的自然村供暖项目初投资一般不超过300万元,投资回收期为4~5 a。该研究为破解北方地区农村清洁取暖问题提供了新思路、新途径。
Using the clean energy heating in northern rural area is an important content of the energy production and consumption revolution and rural life style revolution. It concerns whether people in the northern rural area could get warmer in winter or fog day could be reduced in the heating season. Differ from the urban, heating in the northern rural area is dispersive. Poor heating infrastructure, low energy utilization rate and serious pollution emissions are all outstanding issues in heating of northern rural area. At the same time, the heating demand in the northern rural area is large, and the heating using the clean energy substituting scattered coal is primary task. It is a crying need for energy-saving promotion in northern rural area. By analyzing heating current situation in northern rural area in China, this article presented the realistic problem and the need of clean energy heating. The advantages of continual biomass carbonization technology are high production efficiency, stable product performance, convenient process control and etc. Based on poly-generation mode with biochar, gas and oil by continual pyrolysis, biomass pyrolysis could derive more poly-generation modes. This article pointed out clean energy heating technical path and application mode based on biomass pyrolysis poly-generation technique, which were suitable for the northern rural area in China. And two poly-generation heating modes, ‘poly-generation circulation heating mode with biochar, gas and liquid', and ‘poly-generation circulation heating mode with biochar and steam' were proposed in this article. Then the technical and economic feasibility and environmental influence for each mode were analyzed. The results showed that biomass pyrolysis poly-generation was suitable for heating in the northern rural area under the current economic and technical conditions. This is especially suited for small scale central or decentralized heating in natural village and new-type rural community. For example, in village or rural community including 200 households, pyrolysis gas consumption per household was 15~18 m3/d(cooking gas consumption was 1 m3/d, heat value of pyrolysis gas was more than 15 MJ/m3) in heating season. The project initial investment was usually less than 3 million RMB, and the payback period was 4 to 5 years. This article summarized the present situation of heating in northern rural area in China, and presented the realistic problem and the basic need for clean energy heating. It proposed clean energy heating technical path and application mode suited for northern rural area in China, which is based on biomass pyrolysis poly-generation technique. Also this article analyzes technical and economic feasibility and environmental influence for each mode, and provides a new idea and method for solving the clean energy heating in the northern rural area.
Using the clean energy heating in northern rural area is an important content of the energy production and consumption revolution and rural life style revolution. It concerns whether people in the northern rural area could get warmer in winter or fog day could be reduced in the heating season. Differ from the urban, heating in the northern rural area is dispersive. Poor heating infrastructure, low energy utilization rate and serious pollution emissions are all outstanding issues in heating of northern rural area. At the same time, the heating demand in the northern rural area is large, and the heating using the clean energy substituting scattered coal is primary task. It is a crying need for energy-saving promotion in northern rural area. By analyzing heating current situation in northern rural area in China, this article presented the realistic problem and the need of clean energy heating. The advantages of continual biomass carbonization technology are high production efficiency, stable product performance, convenient process control and etc. Based on poly-generation mode with biochar, gas and oil by continual pyrolysis, biomass pyrolysis could derive more poly-generation modes. This article pointed out clean energy heating technical path and application mode based on biomass pyrolysis poly-generation technique, which were suitable for the northern rural area in China. And two poly-generation heating modes, ‘poly-generation circulation heating mode with biochar, gas and liquid', and ‘poly-generation circulation heating mode with biochar and steam' were proposed in this article. Then the technical and economic feasibility and environmental influence for each mode were analyzed. The results showed that biomass pyrolysis poly-generation was suitable for heating in the northern rural area under the current economic and technical conditions. This is especially suited for small scale central or decentralized heating in natural village and new-type rural community. For example, in village or rural community including 200 households, pyrolysis gas consumption per household was 15~18 m3/d(cooking gas consumption was 1 m3/d, heat value of pyrolysis gas was more than 15 MJ/m3) in heating season. The project initial investment was usually less than 3 million RMB, and the payback period was 4 to 5 years. This article summarized the present situation of heating in northern rural area in China, and presented the realistic problem and the basic need for clean energy heating. It proposed clean energy heating technical path and application mode suited for northern rural area in China, which is based on biomass pyrolysis poly-generation technique. Also this article analyzes technical and economic feasibility and environmental influence for each mode, and provides a new idea and method for solving the clean energy heating in the northern rural area.
引文
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[2]丛宏斌,赵立欣,王久臣,等.中国农村能源生产消费现状与发展需求分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):224-231.Cong Hongbin,Zhao Lixin,Wang Jiuchen,et al.Current situation and derelopment clemang analysis of rural energy in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(17):224-231.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]别凡.“好煤+好炉”:当前治理农村散煤的有效途径[N].中国能源报,2016-08-01.
[4]中国农村能源行业协会节能炉具专业委员会、中国炉具网,中国采暖炉具行业发展报告2016[R].2016.
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[7]丛宏斌,赵立欣,孟海波,等.内加热移动床生物质炭化中试设备监控系统开发[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):268-274.Cong Hongbin,Zhao Lixin,Meng Haibo,et al.Monitoring and control system development for pilot-scale moving bed biomass carbonization equipment with internal heating[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(3):268-274.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Ma?ek O,Brownsort P,Cross A,et al.Influence of production conditions on the yield and environmental stability of biochar[J].Fuel,2013,103(1):151-155.
[9]丛宏斌,赵立欣,姚宗路,等.我国生物质炭化技术装备研究现状与发展建议[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(2):21-26.Cong Hongbin,Zhao Lixin,Yao Zonglu,et al.Research status of biomass carbonization technical equipment and its development proposals in China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(2):21-26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]刘标,陈应泉,何涛,等.农作物秸秆热解多联产技术的应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(16):213-219.Liu Biao,Chen Yingquan,He Tao,et al.Application of cogeneration technology of gas-liquid-solid products pyrolyzed from crop straw[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(16):213-219.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Young Nam Chun,Seong Cheon Kim,Kunio Yoshikawa.Pyrolysis gasification of dried sewage sludge in a combined screw and rotary[J].Applied Energy,2011,88:1105-1112.
[12]Park S W,Jang C H,Baek K R,et al.Torrefaction and low-temperature carbonization of woody biomass:Evaluation of fuel characteristics of the products[J].Energy,2012,45(1):676-685.
[13]潘根兴,张阿凤,邹建文,等.农业废弃物生物黑炭转化还田作为低碳农业途径的探讨[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(4):394-400.Pan Genxing,Zhang Afeng,Zou Jianwen,et al.Biochar from agro-byproducts used as amendment to cropland:An option of low carbon agriculture[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2010,26(4):394-400.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]何绪生,耿增超,佘雕,等.生物炭生产与农用的意义及国内外动态[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):1-7.He Xusheng,Geng Zengchao,She Diao,et al.Implications of production and agricultural utilization of biochar and its international dynamics[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(2):1-7.((in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]张旭东,梁超,诸葛玉平,等.黑碳在土壤有机碳生物地球化学循环中的作用[J].土壤通报,2003,34(4):349-355.Zhang Xudong,Liang Chao,Zhuge Yuping,et al.Roles of black carbon in the biogeochemical cycles of soil organic carbon[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2003,34(4):349-355.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Zhao Ling,Cao Xinde,Ma?ek O,et al.Heterogeneity of biochar properties as a function of feedstock sources and production temperatures[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,256/257:1-9.
[17]黄其励,高虎,赵勇强.我国可再生能源中长期(2030、2050)发展战略目标与途径[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(6):88-94.Huang Qili,Gao Hu,Zhao Yongqiang.The mid-long term(2030,2050)development of renewable energy in China:Strategic target and roadmap[J].Engineering Sciences,2011,13(6):88-94.
[18]国家能源局,生物质能发展“十三五”规划[Z].2016.10
[19]国家可再生能源中心.中国可再生能源产业发展报告2015[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2016
[20]杜祥琬:散烧煤替代需要认真规划和实施[EB/OL].[2017-07-25]http://www.chinapower.com.cn/guandian/20170120/78718.html.
[21]危昱萍.推进北方冬季清洁取暖改革农村采暖方式[N].21世纪经济报道,2016-12-22.
[22]李萌.京津冀农村清洁能源供热采暖成本降低路径研究[J].城市,2017(3):70-77.
[23]高新国.京津冀协同推进农村冬季清洁取暖[N].人民政协报,2017-03-07.
[24]阿明.农村取暖安全须重视[N].中国妇女报,2015-11-01.
[25]王俊.农村能源清洁化路径几多[N].中国电力报,2017-02-18.
[26]赵文元,刘泽勤.我国寒冷地区农村供暖方式及节能技术解析[J].建筑节能,2017,45(4):14-19.Zhao Wenyuan,Liu Zeqin.Heating systems and energy saving technical analysis of rural areas in cold region of China[J].Building Energy Efficiency,2017,45(4):14-19.
[27]农村能源建设首次纳入四川年度扶贫专项[EB/OL].四川新闻网,[2017-07-25]http://scnews.newssc.org/system/20170303/000755329.html.
[28]郑惊鸿.生物质能源产业对接精准扶贫前景广阔[N].农民日报,2016-06-25.
[29]吴树彪,刘莉莉,刘武,等.太阳能加温和沼液回用沼气工程的生态效益评价[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(5):205-210.Wu Shubiao,Liu Lili,Liu Wu,et al.Ecological effect evaluation of biogas project integrated with solar-ground source heat pump system and slurry recirculation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(5):205-210.
[30]李庆国.为了首都蓝天常在[N].农民日报,2017-04-07.
[31]任佳.调结构促太阳能热利用推广[N].中国建设报,2016-02-15.
[32]中国农村能源行业协会节能炉具专业委员会、中国炉具网,中国采暖炉具行业发展报告2016[R].2016.
[33]孙恩慧,李岩,赖小垚,等.关于在我国北方农村地区开展集中供暖的调查研究[J].科技创新与应用,2013(9):22-23.
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