出口目的地收入水平与企业全球价值链参与
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摘要
出口目的地收入水平可以通过产品质量选择和技术创新渠道提高企业全球价值链参与程度,并且出口目的地收入水平对于大企业、多产品、高出口强度企业的提升作用更为明显。中国企业攀升全球价值链的策略,可以考虑从调整出口市场结构、出口产品多样化、提高出口强度和扩大企业规模等方面着手,而提高出口产品质量和加大技术创新是实现价值链攀升的关键。
This paper explores the relationship between the average income of export destinations and the participation of firms in global value chains. Estimated results reveal that the average income of export destinations has significantly positive effect on the participation of firms in global value chains even after the potential selection bias and omitted variables problems are considered. In addition, this effect is more prominent for the bigger firms, the multiple-product firms and the firms with higher export density. Mediating effect model tests indicate that the average income of export destinations could increase the participation of firms in global value chains by increasing the investment of R&D and improving the product quality. Therefore, the strategy of upgrading in the global value chain for firms should be to export to the destinations of higher income, to improve product quality and increase the R&D investment.
This paper explores the relationship between the average income of export destinations and the participation of firms in global value chains. Estimated results reveal that the average income of export destinations has significantly positive effect on the participation of firms in global value chains even after the potential selection bias and omitted variables problems are considered. In addition, this effect is more prominent for the bigger firms, the multiple-product firms and the firms with higher export density. Mediating effect model tests indicate that the average income of export destinations could increase the participation of firms in global value chains by increasing the investment of R&D and improving the product quality. Therefore, the strategy of upgrading in the global value chain for firms should be to export to the destinations of higher income, to improve product quality and increase the R&D investment.
引文
(1)David Hummels,Jun Ishii and Kei-Mu Yi,“The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade,”Journal of International Economics,Vol.54,No.1,2001,pp.75-96.
(2)Andrew B.Bernard,Stephen J.Redding and Peter K.Schott,“Multi-product Firms and Trade Liberalization,”The Quarterly Journal of Economics,Vol.126,No.3,2011,pp.1271-1318.
(3)Irene Brambilla and Guido G.Porto,“High-income Export Destinations,Quality and Wages,”Journal of International Economics,Vol.98,2016,pp.21-35.
(1)Mary Amiti and Jozef Konings,“Trade Liberalization,Intermediate Inputs,and Productivity:Evidence from Indonesia,”American Economic Review,Vol.97,No.5,2007,pp.1611-1638.
(2)吕越、罗伟、刘斌:《异质性企业与全球价值链参与:基于效率和融资的视角》,《世界经济》2015年第8期,第29-55页;刘斌、王乃嘉、魏倩:《中间品关税减让与企业价值链参与》,《中国软科学》2015年第8期,第34-44页。
(3)刘斌、屠新泉、王杰:《出口目的地与出口企业生产率》,《财经研究》2015年第11期,第83-94页;杜威剑、李梦洁:《目的国市场收入分配与出口产品质量--基于中国企业层面的实证检验》,《当代财经》2015年第10期,第89-96页。
(4)Juan Carlos Hallak,“Product Quality and the Direction of Trade,”Journal of International Economics,Vol.68,No.1,2006,pp.238-265.
(1)Irene Brambilla and Guido G.Porto,“High-income Export Destinations,Quality and Wages,”pp.21-35.
(2)Kalina Manova and Zhihong Yu,“Multi-product Firms and Product Quality,”Journal of International Economics,Vol.109,2017,pp.116-137.
(3)Zoltan J.Acs and David B.Audretsch,“Innovation in Large and Small Firms:An Empirical Analysis,”The American Economic Review,Vol.78,No.4,1988,pp.678-690.
(4)Paulo Bastos,Joana Silva and Eric Verhoogen,“Export Destinations and Input Prices,”The American Economic Review,Vol.108,No.2,2018,pp.353-392;Richard Baldwin and Javier Lopez‐Gonzalez,“Supply‐chain Trade:A Portrait of Global Patterns and Sever‐al Testable Hypotheses,”The World Economy,Vol.38,No.11,2015,pp.1682-1721;Kalina Manova and Zhihong Yu,“Multi-prod‐uct Firms and Product Quality,”pp.116-137.
(1)Robert Koopman,Zhi Wang and Shang-Jin Wei,“Estimating Domestic Content in Exports when Processing Trade is Pervasive,”Journal of Development Economics,Vol.99,No.1,2012,pp.178-189.
(2)Irene Brambilla and Guido G.Porto,“High-income Export Destinations,Quality and Wages,”pp.21-35.
(3)阳佳余、徐敏:《融资多样性与中国企业出口持续模式的选择》,《世界经济》2015年第4期,第50-76页。
(1)东部地区包括北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东和海南;中部地区包括山西、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南;西部地区包括四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、广西、内蒙古。
(2)分类标准详见http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/Annexes/htec_esms_an3.pdf。
(3)Loren Brandt,Johannes Van Biesebroeck and Yifan Zhang,“Creative Accounting or Creative Destruction?Firm-level Productivity Growth in Chinese Manufacturing,”Journal of Development Economics,Vol.97,No.2,2012,pp.339-351.
(1)Paulo Bastos,Joana Silva and Eric Verhoogen,“Export Destinations and Input Prices,”pp.353-392.
(1)Reuben M.Baron and David A.Kenny,“The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research:Conceptual,Strategic,and Statistical Considerations,”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,Vol.51,No.6,1986,pp.1173-1186.
(2)Andrew B.Bernard,Stephen J.Redding and Peter K.Schott,“Multi-product Firms and Trade Liberalization,”The Quarterly Journal of Economics,Vol.126,No.3,2011,pp.1271-1318.
(3)Irene Brambilla and Guido G.Porto,“High-income Export Destinations,Quality and Wages,”Journal of International Economics,Vol.98,2016,pp.21-35.
(1)Mary Amiti and Jozef Konings,“Trade Liberalization,Intermediate Inputs,and Productivity:Evidence from Indonesia,”American Economic Review,Vol.97,No.5,2007,pp.1611-1638.
(2)吕越、罗伟、刘斌:《异质性企业与全球价值链参与:基于效率和融资的视角》,《世界经济》2015年第8期,第29-55页;刘斌、王乃嘉、魏倩:《中间品关税减让与企业价值链参与》,《中国软科学》2015年第8期,第34-44页。
(3)刘斌、屠新泉、王杰:《出口目的地与出口企业生产率》,《财经研究》2015年第11期,第83-94页;杜威剑、李梦洁:《目的国市场收入分配与出口产品质量--基于中国企业层面的实证检验》,《当代财经》2015年第10期,第89-96页。
(4)Juan Carlos Hallak,“Product Quality and the Direction of Trade,”Journal of International Economics,Vol.68,No.1,2006,pp.238-265.
(1)Irene Brambilla and Guido G.Porto,“High-income Export Destinations,Quality and Wages,”pp.21-35.
(2)Kalina Manova and Zhihong Yu,“Multi-product Firms and Product Quality,”Journal of International Economics,Vol.109,2017,pp.116-137.
(3)Zoltan J.Acs and David B.Audretsch,“Innovation in Large and Small Firms:An Empirical Analysis,”The American Economic Review,Vol.78,No.4,1988,pp.678-690.
(4)Paulo Bastos,Joana Silva and Eric Verhoogen,“Export Destinations and Input Prices,”The American Economic Review,Vol.108,No.2,2018,pp.353-392;Richard Baldwin and Javier Lopez‐Gonzalez,“Supply‐chain Trade:A Portrait of Global Patterns and Sever‐al Testable Hypotheses,”The World Economy,Vol.38,No.11,2015,pp.1682-1721;Kalina Manova and Zhihong Yu,“Multi-prod‐uct Firms and Product Quality,”pp.116-137.
(1)Robert Koopman,Zhi Wang and Shang-Jin Wei,“Estimating Domestic Content in Exports when Processing Trade is Pervasive,”Journal of Development Economics,Vol.99,No.1,2012,pp.178-189.
(2)Irene Brambilla and Guido G.Porto,“High-income Export Destinations,Quality and Wages,”pp.21-35.
(3)阳佳余、徐敏:《融资多样性与中国企业出口持续模式的选择》,《世界经济》2015年第4期,第50-76页。
(1)东部地区包括北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东和海南;中部地区包括山西、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南;西部地区包括四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、广西、内蒙古。
(2)分类标准详见http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/Annexes/htec_esms_an3.pdf。
(3)Loren Brandt,Johannes Van Biesebroeck and Yifan Zhang,“Creative Accounting or Creative Destruction?Firm-level Productivity Growth in Chinese Manufacturing,”Journal of Development Economics,Vol.97,No.2,2012,pp.339-351.
(1)Paulo Bastos,Joana Silva and Eric Verhoogen,“Export Destinations and Input Prices,”pp.353-392.
(1)Reuben M.Baron and David A.Kenny,“The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research:Conceptual,Strategic,and Statistical Considerations,”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,Vol.51,No.6,1986,pp.1173-1186.