缝洞型油藏连通单元地质建模研究——以哈拉哈塘油田为例
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摘要
针对哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系裂缝孔洞型储层连通单元井组注水效果差异性很大的问题,开展缝洞单元连通井组地质建模研究。哈拉哈塘油田储集空间岩溶洞穴、孔洞、裂缝非常发育,类型形态多变,具有极强的非均质性,储层空间缝洞体识别及连通方式预测与定量评价难度大。本文首先利用地震识别的大型溶洞和蚂蚁体追踪的大尺度裂缝分布,通过确定性建模方法,建立离散大型溶洞模型和离散大尺度裂缝模型;然后在储层的波阻抗数据体和缝洞体储层构造模型的空间约束下,建立缝洞体连通单元的储层孔隙度模型,储层渗透率模型主要通过线性回归建立基质孔隙度、裂缝参数与渗透率关系,结合动态数值试井对静态回归计算的渗透率数值进行修正;最后利用曲率属性形象表征微裂缝,采用多属性协同模拟方法,建立多尺度离散缝洞储集体三维地质属性模型。该方法定量刻画了缝洞储集体在三维空间的展布特征,很好地表征了单元连通井组连通方式,为单元连通井组开发奠定了坚实的地质基础。
For the Ordovician crack-vug carbonate reservoirs in the Halahatang oilfield,the water injection effects are highly different between connected unit well groups. This work used the geological modeling to address this issue. The reservoirs in this oil field contain numerous cracks and vugs with strong heterogeneities both in vertical and lateral directions. So the recognition of cracks and vugs and prediction and quantitative evaluation of connection patterns are very difficult. Firstly,the large-scale vugs are recognized with seismic data and crack distribution is tracked with the ant-body method. Large-scale vug and large-scale crack models are then established by the deterministic modeling. With the spatial constraint of the wave impedance data and crack-cavity reservoir structure models,the reservoir porosity model of connected units is established. Through linear regression,the relationship between matrix porosity,crack parameters and permeability is determined and reservoir permeability model is established. Combined with dynamic numerical well testing,the permeability model is corrected. At last,micro cracks are described with the curvature attribute. The multiscale scatter crack-vug reservoir property models are established using the multiattribute synergy analogy procedure. These approaches allow us to describe quantitatively the three-dimensional space distribution of crack-vug reservoirs and characterize connection patterns of unit-well groups,which provide a theoretical support for exploitation in such wells of the oilfield.
For the Ordovician crack-vug carbonate reservoirs in the Halahatang oilfield,the water injection effects are highly different between connected unit well groups. This work used the geological modeling to address this issue. The reservoirs in this oil field contain numerous cracks and vugs with strong heterogeneities both in vertical and lateral directions. So the recognition of cracks and vugs and prediction and quantitative evaluation of connection patterns are very difficult. Firstly,the large-scale vugs are recognized with seismic data and crack distribution is tracked with the ant-body method. Large-scale vug and large-scale crack models are then established by the deterministic modeling. With the spatial constraint of the wave impedance data and crack-cavity reservoir structure models,the reservoir porosity model of connected units is established. Through linear regression,the relationship between matrix porosity,crack parameters and permeability is determined and reservoir permeability model is established. Combined with dynamic numerical well testing,the permeability model is corrected. At last,micro cracks are described with the curvature attribute. The multiscale scatter crack-vug reservoir property models are established using the multiattribute synergy analogy procedure. These approaches allow us to describe quantitatively the three-dimensional space distribution of crack-vug reservoirs and characterize connection patterns of unit-well groups,which provide a theoretical support for exploitation in such wells of the oilfield.
引文
Hu Xiang-yang,Li Yang,Quan Lian-shun,Kong Qing-ying,Wang Ying,Lv Xin-rui.2013.Three-dimensional geological modeling of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,34(3):383-387(in Chinese with English abstract)
Han Yong-xin,Zhuang Hui-nong,Sun He-dong.2006.Application of numerical well test analysis technique in gas reservoir characterization[J].Oil Well Test,15(2):9-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kang Zhi-jiang,Zhao Yan-yan,Zhang Yun,Lv Tie,Zhang Dong-li,Cui Shu-yue.2014.Numerical simulation technology and its application to fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,35(6):945-949(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-wen,Liu Yong-lei,Zhang Liang-liang,An Hai-ting,Dan Guang-jian.2015.Ordovician carbonate karst cave type reservoir 3Dgeological modeling and application in Halahatang oilfield[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,37(6):778-782(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Yong,Li Bao-zhu,Hu Yong-le.2009.Overview of study on carbonate reservoir simulation[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,23(1):75-77(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiao-bo,Li Xin-hua,Rong Yuan-shuai,Peng Xiao-long,WangK eke.2014.The seismic attribute characterization of fracture-vug carbonate reservoir connectivity and its application in water flood development[J].PGRE,21(6):65-67(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Guo-hui,Yuan Jing-yi,Luo Hao-yu,Yang Peng-fei,Li Yang.2015.Quantitative description technology for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area,Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,20(4):24-29(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Lin-di,Tan Xue-qun,Geng men.2013.Application of numerical well test analysis in fractured carbonate reservoir[J].Oil well test,22(2):21-24(in Chinese with English abstract)
Miao Qing,Zhou Cun-jian,Luo Ri-sheng,Chen Fang-fang,Jiang Yuxin.2014.Fracture prediction and modeling of fractured carbonate oil reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,21(2):37-40(in Chinese with English abstract)
Matthai SK,Mezentsev A,Belayneh M.2005.Control-volume finiteelement two-phase flow experiments with fractured rock represented by unstructured 3D hybrid meshes[A].SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium[C].Houston,Texas:Paper SPE 93341
Peng Chao-yang,Long Wu,Du Zhi-min,Li Chuan-liang.2010.The numerical well test model of the discrete media network in fracturedvuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),32(6):125-129(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Wei-feng,Song Yan,Gong Yan-jie,Gui Li-li.2014.Characteristics and distribution prediction of structural fissures in the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation in the Qingxi oilfield[J].Geology and Exploration,50(6):1181-1189(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Yue,Wang Gong-wen,Fang Tong-hui,FengY uan,Wang Xin-yu.2013.Three-dimensional geological modeling of the Honghai massive sulfide deposit in Xinjiang and its exploration application[J].Geology and Exploration,49(1):179-184(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Zhao-feng,FangJ ia-zhong,TangZ i-chang,Wang Peng,Xin Xiuyan.2010.Geological modeling and numerical simulation study for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,34(9):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xiao Yang,Feng Ji-lei,Jiang Tong-wen,Deng Xing-liang,Bian Wanjiang,Gong Bin.2012.The numerical simulation technology research of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,8(2):35-39(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Wen-bin.2014.Application of numerical well testing technology in early development stage of pore type carbonate reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,4(6):21-24(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Hui-ting,Jiang Tong-wen,Yan Qi-bin,Li min.2004.Establishment of 3d geological models of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,23(4):11-16(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Peng-fei,Zhang Li-juan,Zheng Duo-ming,Li Guo-hui,Luo Haoyu,Xu Lei.2013.Quantitative characterization of ordovician carbonate fracture-cavity aggregate in Tarim Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,25(6):89-94(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Li-juan,Ma Qing,Fan Qiu-hai,Zhu Yong-feng,Gao Chun-hai,Cai Quan,Zhang Shuo,Liu Chen-xi.2012.Paleokarst reservoir recognition and geology modeling of Ordovician carbonate of block Ha 6 in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,(2):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Li-juan,Fan Qiu-hai,Zhu Yong-feng,Zhu Guang-you,Li Guohui,Yin Feng-lin,Zou Ke-yuan,Zuo Xiao-jun,Sun Qi,Zhang Chao.2013.Geological and accumulations characteristics of Ordovician oil reservoir in Ha 6 Block of Tabei[J].China Petroleum Exploration,(2):6-12(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Dong-li,Li Jiang-long,Wu Yu-shu.2010.A triple-continuum numerical well testing model for a naturally fractured vuggy reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),32(2):82-88(in Chinese with English abstract)
胡向阳,李阳,权莲顺,孔庆莹,王英,吕心瑞.2013.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏三维地质建模方法[J].石油与天然气地质,34(3):383-387
韩永新,庄惠农,孙贺东.2006.数值试井技术在气藏动态描述中的应用[J].油气井测试,15(2):9-11
康志江,赵艳艳,张允,吕铁,张冬丽,崔书岳.2014.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏数值模拟技术与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,35(6):945-949
李相文,刘永雷,张亮亮,安海亭,但光箭.2015.哈拉哈塘油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层三维地质建模与应用[J].物探化探计算技术,37(6):778-782
李勇,李保柱,胡永乐.2009.碳酸盐岩油气藏数值模拟研究综述[J].石油地质与工程,23(1):75-77
李小波,李新华,荣元帅,彭小龙,王可可.2014.地震属性在塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏连通性分析及其注水开发中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,21(6):65-71
李国会,袁敬一,罗浩渝,杨鹏飞,李阳.2015.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层量化雕刻技术[J].中国石油勘探,20(4):24-29
李林地,谭学群,庚勐.2013.数值试井技术在裂缝性碳酸盐岩油藏中的应用[J].油气井测试,22(2):21-24
苗青,周存俭,罗日升,陈方方,姜玉新.2014.碳酸盐岩裂缝型油藏裂缝预测及建模技术[J].特种油气藏,21(2):37-40
彭朝阳,龙武,杜志敏,李传亮.2010.缝洞型油藏离散介质网络数值试井模型[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),32(6):125-129
孙维凤,宋岩,公言杰,桂丽黎.2014.青西油田下沟组构造裂缝发育特征与分布预测[J].地质与勘探,50(6):1181-1189
孙岳,王功文,方同辉,冯源,王新宇.2013.新疆红海块状硫化物矿床三维地质建模及勘探应用[J].地质与勘探,49(1):179-184
王兆峰,方甲中,唐资昌,王鹏,辛秀艳.2010.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模和油藏数值模拟研究[J].石油天然气学报,34(9):1-7
肖阳,冯积累,江同文,邓兴梁,卞万江,龚斌.2012.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏数值模拟技术研究[J].新疆石油天然气,8(2):35-39
徐文斌.2014.数值试井技术在孔隙型碳酸岩油藏初期开发中的应用[J].油气藏评价与开发,4(6):21-24
杨延辉,江同文,颜其彬,李敏.2004.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层三维地质建模方法初探[J].大庆石油地质与开发,23(4):11-16
杨鹏飞,张丽娟,郑多明,李国会,罗浩渝,徐雷.2013.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩大型缝洞集合体定量描述[J].岩性油气藏,25(6):89-94
张丽娟,马青,范秋海,朱永峰,高春海,蔡泉,张硕,刘晨曦.2012.塔里木盆地哈6区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层特征识别及地质建模[J].中国石油勘探,(2):1-8
张丽娟,范秋海,朱永峰,朱光友,李国会,尹峰林,邹克元,左小军,孙琦,张超.2013.塔北哈6区块奥陶系油藏地质与成藏特征[J].中国石油勘探,(2):6-12
张冬丽,李江龙,吴玉树.2010.缝洞型油藏三重介质数值试井模型[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):82-88
Han Yong-xin,Zhuang Hui-nong,Sun He-dong.2006.Application of numerical well test analysis technique in gas reservoir characterization[J].Oil Well Test,15(2):9-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
Kang Zhi-jiang,Zhao Yan-yan,Zhang Yun,Lv Tie,Zhang Dong-li,Cui Shu-yue.2014.Numerical simulation technology and its application to fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,35(6):945-949(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiang-wen,Liu Yong-lei,Zhang Liang-liang,An Hai-ting,Dan Guang-jian.2015.Ordovician carbonate karst cave type reservoir 3Dgeological modeling and application in Halahatang oilfield[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,37(6):778-782(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Yong,Li Bao-zhu,Hu Yong-le.2009.Overview of study on carbonate reservoir simulation[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,23(1):75-77(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Xiao-bo,Li Xin-hua,Rong Yuan-shuai,Peng Xiao-long,WangK eke.2014.The seismic attribute characterization of fracture-vug carbonate reservoir connectivity and its application in water flood development[J].PGRE,21(6):65-67(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Guo-hui,Yuan Jing-yi,Luo Hao-yu,Yang Peng-fei,Li Yang.2015.Quantitative description technology for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area,Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,20(4):24-29(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li Lin-di,Tan Xue-qun,Geng men.2013.Application of numerical well test analysis in fractured carbonate reservoir[J].Oil well test,22(2):21-24(in Chinese with English abstract)
Miao Qing,Zhou Cun-jian,Luo Ri-sheng,Chen Fang-fang,Jiang Yuxin.2014.Fracture prediction and modeling of fractured carbonate oil reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,21(2):37-40(in Chinese with English abstract)
Matthai SK,Mezentsev A,Belayneh M.2005.Control-volume finiteelement two-phase flow experiments with fractured rock represented by unstructured 3D hybrid meshes[A].SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium[C].Houston,Texas:Paper SPE 93341
Peng Chao-yang,Long Wu,Du Zhi-min,Li Chuan-liang.2010.The numerical well test model of the discrete media network in fracturedvuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),32(6):125-129(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Wei-feng,Song Yan,Gong Yan-jie,Gui Li-li.2014.Characteristics and distribution prediction of structural fissures in the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation in the Qingxi oilfield[J].Geology and Exploration,50(6):1181-1189(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun Yue,Wang Gong-wen,Fang Tong-hui,FengY uan,Wang Xin-yu.2013.Three-dimensional geological modeling of the Honghai massive sulfide deposit in Xinjiang and its exploration application[J].Geology and Exploration,49(1):179-184(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Zhao-feng,FangJ ia-zhong,TangZ i-chang,Wang Peng,Xin Xiuyan.2010.Geological modeling and numerical simulation study for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,34(9):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xiao Yang,Feng Ji-lei,Jiang Tong-wen,Deng Xing-liang,Bian Wanjiang,Gong Bin.2012.The numerical simulation technology research of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,8(2):35-39(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu Wen-bin.2014.Application of numerical well testing technology in early development stage of pore type carbonate reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,4(6):21-24(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Hui-ting,Jiang Tong-wen,Yan Qi-bin,Li min.2004.Establishment of 3d geological models of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,23(4):11-16(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang Peng-fei,Zhang Li-juan,Zheng Duo-ming,Li Guo-hui,Luo Haoyu,Xu Lei.2013.Quantitative characterization of ordovician carbonate fracture-cavity aggregate in Tarim Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,25(6):89-94(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Li-juan,Ma Qing,Fan Qiu-hai,Zhu Yong-feng,Gao Chun-hai,Cai Quan,Zhang Shuo,Liu Chen-xi.2012.Paleokarst reservoir recognition and geology modeling of Ordovician carbonate of block Ha 6 in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,(2):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Li-juan,Fan Qiu-hai,Zhu Yong-feng,Zhu Guang-you,Li Guohui,Yin Feng-lin,Zou Ke-yuan,Zuo Xiao-jun,Sun Qi,Zhang Chao.2013.Geological and accumulations characteristics of Ordovician oil reservoir in Ha 6 Block of Tabei[J].China Petroleum Exploration,(2):6-12(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Dong-li,Li Jiang-long,Wu Yu-shu.2010.A triple-continuum numerical well testing model for a naturally fractured vuggy reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),32(2):82-88(in Chinese with English abstract)
胡向阳,李阳,权莲顺,孔庆莹,王英,吕心瑞.2013.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏三维地质建模方法[J].石油与天然气地质,34(3):383-387
韩永新,庄惠农,孙贺东.2006.数值试井技术在气藏动态描述中的应用[J].油气井测试,15(2):9-11
康志江,赵艳艳,张允,吕铁,张冬丽,崔书岳.2014.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏数值模拟技术与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,35(6):945-949
李相文,刘永雷,张亮亮,安海亭,但光箭.2015.哈拉哈塘油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层三维地质建模与应用[J].物探化探计算技术,37(6):778-782
李勇,李保柱,胡永乐.2009.碳酸盐岩油气藏数值模拟研究综述[J].石油地质与工程,23(1):75-77
李小波,李新华,荣元帅,彭小龙,王可可.2014.地震属性在塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏连通性分析及其注水开发中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,21(6):65-71
李国会,袁敬一,罗浩渝,杨鹏飞,李阳.2015.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层量化雕刻技术[J].中国石油勘探,20(4):24-29
李林地,谭学群,庚勐.2013.数值试井技术在裂缝性碳酸盐岩油藏中的应用[J].油气井测试,22(2):21-24
苗青,周存俭,罗日升,陈方方,姜玉新.2014.碳酸盐岩裂缝型油藏裂缝预测及建模技术[J].特种油气藏,21(2):37-40
彭朝阳,龙武,杜志敏,李传亮.2010.缝洞型油藏离散介质网络数值试井模型[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),32(6):125-129
孙维凤,宋岩,公言杰,桂丽黎.2014.青西油田下沟组构造裂缝发育特征与分布预测[J].地质与勘探,50(6):1181-1189
孙岳,王功文,方同辉,冯源,王新宇.2013.新疆红海块状硫化物矿床三维地质建模及勘探应用[J].地质与勘探,49(1):179-184
王兆峰,方甲中,唐资昌,王鹏,辛秀艳.2010.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模和油藏数值模拟研究[J].石油天然气学报,34(9):1-7
肖阳,冯积累,江同文,邓兴梁,卞万江,龚斌.2012.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏数值模拟技术研究[J].新疆石油天然气,8(2):35-39
徐文斌.2014.数值试井技术在孔隙型碳酸岩油藏初期开发中的应用[J].油气藏评价与开发,4(6):21-24
杨延辉,江同文,颜其彬,李敏.2004.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层三维地质建模方法初探[J].大庆石油地质与开发,23(4):11-16
杨鹏飞,张丽娟,郑多明,李国会,罗浩渝,徐雷.2013.塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩大型缝洞集合体定量描述[J].岩性油气藏,25(6):89-94
张丽娟,马青,范秋海,朱永峰,高春海,蔡泉,张硕,刘晨曦.2012.塔里木盆地哈6区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层特征识别及地质建模[J].中国石油勘探,(2):1-8
张丽娟,范秋海,朱永峰,朱光友,李国会,尹峰林,邹克元,左小军,孙琦,张超.2013.塔北哈6区块奥陶系油藏地质与成藏特征[J].中国石油勘探,(2):6-12
张冬丽,李江龙,吴玉树.2010.缝洞型油藏三重介质数值试井模型[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):82-88