重庆市贫困农村寄宿制学生营养状况分析
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摘要
目的了解重庆市贫困农村寄宿制学生营养现状,为营养改善与干预提供基础数据。方法在重庆市12个贫困农村国家营养改善计划覆盖县中的寄宿制学校,采用随机抽样原则,从学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和家庭(个人)托餐3种供餐模式中分别抽取30%的小学和初中共24 075名学生统一测量身高和体重。结果贫困农村寄宿制学生营养不良检出率为15.43%,男生为17.98%,女生为12.61%,男生高于女生(χ~2=131.55,P<0.01)。低年龄组(6～9岁)的营养不良检出率普遍低于高年龄组(10～15岁),其中11岁组的检出率最高,为19.46%(χ~2=74.10,P<0.01)。超重检出率为7.43%,男生(8.23%)高于女生(6.45%)(χ~2=27.54,P<0.01)。6岁组的超重率最高,为10.79%。结论重庆市贫困农村寄宿制学生营养不良率低于2012年全国平均水平,但肥胖超重依然存在。在改善营养不良的同时要注意肥胖超重的预防控制。
Objective To analyze the nutrition status of poor rural boarding students in Chongqing and provide basic data for nutrition improvement and intervention. Methods About 30% primary and junior middle schools were selected randomly from each of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students( NIPRCES,12 counties in Chongqing) by three food supply modes( school-, company-, and family-based). A total of 24 075 primary and junior high school students were selected to be measured height and weight according to the standard methods. Results Malnutrition detection rate was 15.43%, the boy was 17.98%, the girl was 12.61%, the rate of boys was higher than that in girls( χ~2= 131.55, P< 0.01), and the rate of low age group( 6-9 years old) was lower than that of high age group( 10-15 years old). The malnutrition prevalence was highest in 11 years group, which was 19.46%( χ~2= 74.10, P<0.01). The prevalence of overweight was 7.43%, which was higher in boys than in girls( χ~2= 27.54, P<0.01), the overweight rate of the group aged 6 was the highest, reaching at 10.79%. Conclusion The malnutrition rates in poor rural boarding students in Chongqing is lower than the national average, but overweight and obesity also exists.Attention should be paid to both malnutrition and obesity prevention and intervention.
Objective To analyze the nutrition status of poor rural boarding students in Chongqing and provide basic data for nutrition improvement and intervention. Methods About 30% primary and junior middle schools were selected randomly from each of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students( NIPRCES,12 counties in Chongqing) by three food supply modes( school-, company-, and family-based). A total of 24 075 primary and junior high school students were selected to be measured height and weight according to the standard methods. Results Malnutrition detection rate was 15.43%, the boy was 17.98%, the girl was 12.61%, the rate of boys was higher than that in girls( χ~2= 131.55, P< 0.01), and the rate of low age group( 6-9 years old) was lower than that of high age group( 10-15 years old). The malnutrition prevalence was highest in 11 years group, which was 19.46%( χ~2= 74.10, P<0.01). The prevalence of overweight was 7.43%, which was higher in boys than in girls( χ~2= 27.54, P<0.01), the overweight rate of the group aged 6 was the highest, reaching at 10.79%. Conclusion The malnutrition rates in poor rural boarding students in Chongqing is lower than the national average, but overweight and obesity also exists.Attention should be paid to both malnutrition and obesity prevention and intervention.
引文
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[10]杨依锦,刘祖阳,刘蒙蒙,等.2013-2014年四川省农村义务教育中小学生营养状况调查分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(8):793-797.
[11]沈平,梁慧红,张传禄,等.2012-2015年钦州市钦南区乡镇寄宿制中学生营养不良流行趋势分析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2016,36(8):1022-1025.
[12]金少华,徐粒子,崔杰,等.安徽省部分农村地区中小学生营养与健康状况监测分析[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2014,20(3):166-168.
[13]邓竹娟,茆广绪,刘丽,等.2014-2015学年湖南省农村中小学生营养状况监测结果分析[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(3):356-357.
[14]赵静珺,王辛.陕西省2015年农村学生营养状况调查[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(7):1069-1071.
[15]崔春霞,宋壮志,迟富利,等.内蒙古贫困农村学生营养状况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(4):459-460.
[2]中国学生营养与健康促进会.中国儿童少年营养与健康报告2008:关注西部地区儿童营养与健康,促进社会和谐发展[M].北京:中国人口出版社,2008:3-5.
[3]贾晓瑜,张亚妮,华隆超,等.重庆市农村寄宿制学校中学生饮食结构的现况调查[J].重庆医科大学学报,2010,35(10):1597-1600.
[4]廖文科,马冠生,胡小琪,等.我国农村寄宿制学校学生膳食营养状况[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(9):1025-1026.
[5]王丽娟,孙静,黄建,等.中国九省农村寄宿制学校初一学生铁营养状况[J].卫生研究,2016,45(6):911-914,937.
[6]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查WS/T 456-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[7]中国肥胖问题工作组.中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准[J].中华流行病学杂志,2004,25(2):97-102.
[8]李晓军,李晓岚.2004年和2014年武汉市中小学生营养状况调查和分析[J].肠外与肠内营养,2015,22(6):362-364,369.
[9]胡小琪,徐海泉,李荔,等.中国贫困地区学生营养状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(12):1783-1785.
[10]杨依锦,刘祖阳,刘蒙蒙,等.2013-2014年四川省农村义务教育中小学生营养状况调查分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016,32(8):793-797.
[11]沈平,梁慧红,张传禄,等.2012-2015年钦州市钦南区乡镇寄宿制中学生营养不良流行趋势分析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2016,36(8):1022-1025.
[12]金少华,徐粒子,崔杰,等.安徽省部分农村地区中小学生营养与健康状况监测分析[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2014,20(3):166-168.
[13]邓竹娟,茆广绪,刘丽,等.2014-2015学年湖南省农村中小学生营养状况监测结果分析[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(3):356-357.
[14]赵静珺,王辛.陕西省2015年农村学生营养状况调查[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(7):1069-1071.
[15]崔春霞,宋壮志,迟富利,等.内蒙古贫困农村学生营养状况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(4):459-460.