基于纳什谈判的家用热水器的优化运行
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摘要
需求响应是智能电网灵活互动性的一种体现,在电力节能与电网削峰填谷中应用前景广阔.家庭热水器在需求响应中具有极大的优化运行潜力,但难以确定用电费用与热水温度两个目标之间的权重.为此,提出了一种基于纳什谈判的家用热水器优化方法,将热水器的用电费用与用户对水温的舒适度视为博弈的双方.通过纳什谈判的方法获得博弈过程的纳什谈判解,进而得到热水器的运行计划.仿真验证表明,该方法能有效地优化热水器的需求响应,同时实现了用电费用与用户舒适度之间的平衡.
Demand response is an embodiment of the smart grid flexible interactivity. It has a broad application prospect in energy saving, peak clipping and valley filling. Household water heater in demand response has a great potential of optimal operation. However,in the demand response process of water heater, the weight between electricity cost and water temperature is difficult to determine. This paper proposes a household water heater optimization method based on the Nash bargaining. The water temperature and the electricity cost are considered as the two sides of game theory. The Nash equilibrium solution,which determines the water heater operation plan, is obtained by using Nash bargaining.Simulations show that the proposed method can effectively optimize the running of water heater and keep the balance between electricity cost and water temperature at the same time.
Demand response is an embodiment of the smart grid flexible interactivity. It has a broad application prospect in energy saving, peak clipping and valley filling. Household water heater in demand response has a great potential of optimal operation. However,in the demand response process of water heater, the weight between electricity cost and water temperature is difficult to determine. This paper proposes a household water heater optimization method based on the Nash bargaining. The water temperature and the electricity cost are considered as the two sides of game theory. The Nash equilibrium solution,which determines the water heater operation plan, is obtained by using Nash bargaining.Simulations show that the proposed method can effectively optimize the running of water heater and keep the balance between electricity cost and water temperature at the same time.
引文
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[2]王蓓蓓,李扬,高赐威.智能电网框架下的需求侧管理展望与思考[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(20):17-22.Wang B B, Li Y, Gao C W. Outlook and thinking of demand side management under the framework of smart grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2009, 33(20):17-22.(in Chinese)
[3] Xiao S. Consideration of technology for constructing Chinese smart grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2009, 33(9):1-4.
[4]田世明,王蓓蓓,张晶.智能电网条件下的需求响应关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2014, 34(22):3576-3589.Tian S M, Wang B B, Zhang J. Key technologies for demand response under smart grid[J]. Proceedings of CSEE, 2014, 34(22):3576-3589.(in Chinese)
[5]汤奕,邓克愚,孙华东.智能家电参与低频减载协调配合方案研究[J].电网技术, 2013, 37(10):2861-2867.Tang Y, Deng K Y, Sun H D. Research on coordination scheme for smart household appliances participating under frequency load shedding[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(10):2861-2867.
[6]杨永标,颜庆国,王冬.居民用户智能用电建模及优化仿真分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016, 40(3):46-51.Yang Y B, Yan Q G, Wang D. Resident users’ intelligent electricity modeling and optimization simulation analysis[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(3):46-51.(in Chinese)
[7]王守相,孙智卿,刘喆.面向智能用电的家庭能量协同调度策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015, 39(17):108-113.Wang S X, Sun Z Q, Liu Z. Home energy cooperative scheduling strategy for smart electricity[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(17):108-113.(in Chinese)
[8] Peng W D, Ning L. Appliance commitment for household load scheduling[J]. Transactions on Smart Grid, 2011, 2(2):411-418.
[9] Nehrir M H, LaMeres B J, Gere V. A customer-interactive electric water heater demandside management strategy using fuzzy logic[C]//Power Engineering Society, IEEE. 1999:433-436.
[10]刘经浩,贺蓉,李仁发.一种基于实时电价的HEMS家电最优调度方法[J].计算机应用研究,2015,32(1):132-137.Liu J H, He R, Li R F. Optimal scheduling model for home energy management system based on real-time electricity pricing[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2015, 32(1):132-137.(in Chinese)
[11]唐二雷.基于智能用电系统的家庭用电策略研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.
[12] Inderst R. Bargaining theory with applications[M]. New York:Cambridge University Press,1999.
[13]熊义杰.现代博弈论基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.
[14]王一,龚媛,王程.基于讨价还价博弈的中长期购电计划制定方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2013, 25(2):136-142.Wang Y, Gong Y, Wang C. Medium and long-term power purchase plan based on bargaining game[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2013, 25(2):136-142.(in Chinese)
[15]白杨,李昂,夏清.新形势下电力市场营销模式与新型电价体系[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(5):10-16.Bai Y, Li A, Xia Q. Electricity business marketing modes in the new environment and new electricity pricing systems[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44(5):10-16.(in Chinese)