大学生性取向变化及其影响因素
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摘要
目的了解大学生性取向变化特点及其影响因素。方法选取某大学学生2 291人,采用自编人口社会学问卷与儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ-SF),分别于2014年11月与2016年11月进行前测与后测调查。结果同性恋、双性恋与性取向不确定者前测总人数为96人(4.19%),后测总人数为177人(7.73%);性取向发生变化者占总人数的7.94%,其中双性恋者较多发生性取向变化(χ~2=680.14,P<0.001);女性性取向变化多于男性(χ~2=5.74,P<0.05),独生子女性取向变化多于非独生子女(χ~2=15.59,P<0.001),家居大城市者性取向变化多于居住于其他地方者(χ~2=17.72,P<0.001),无留守经历的个体性取向变化多于有留守经历者(χ~2=6.26,P<0.05),父亲、母亲文化程度越高者性取向变化越多(χ~2=12.71、χ~2=14.53,均P<0.01);性取向变化者儿童期性虐待、情感虐待、情感忽视得分显著高于性取向稳定者(均P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,性别(OR=0.679)、是否为独生子女(OR=0.611)、家庭居住地(OR=1.198)和儿童期情感虐待(OR=1.174)等是性取向变化的主要影响因素。结论双性恋、女性、独生子女、家居大城市、无留守经历、父母亲文化程度高的个体性取向更加不稳定,且性别、是否为独生子女、家庭居住地和儿童期情感虐待是性取向变化的主要影响因素。
Objective To examine the change in sexual orientation identity and its influencing factors among college students. Methods We conducted a two-wave survey among 2 291 college students selected with cluster sampling in a university in November 2014 and 2016. A self-designed demography and sexual orientation questionnaire and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form(CTQ-SF) were used in the survey. Results Totally 96(4.19%) and 177(7.73%) of the participants reported homosexual, bisexual and uncertain sexual orientation in the first-and second-wave survey. There were7.94% of the participants reporting changes in sexual orientation during the 2-year period. Higher rate of sexual orientation change was reported by the participants with bisexual orientation(χ~2 = 680.14, P < 0.001), female gender(χ~2 = 5.74, P <0.05), being only-child(χ~2 = 15.59, P < 0.001), from families in big cities( χ~2 = 17.72, P < 0.001), without left-behind experience(χ~2 = 6.26, P < 0.05), and with higher maternal and paternal education level(χ~2 = 12.71 and χ~2 = 14.53, both P <0.01) compared to the participants with other sexual orientation, male gender, non-only child, from families in other regions,being non only-child, with left-behind experience, and lower maternal and paternal education level. The scores of childhood abuse, emotional abuse and neglect were higher among the participants reporting the change in sexual orientation than those not reporting the change(P < 0.05 for all).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that male gender(odds ratio[OR] = 0.679), being a non only-child(OR = 0.611), from a family in a big city(OR = 1.198), and with more childhood emotional abuse(OR = 1.174) were main influencing factors of changes in sexual orientation. Conclusion The sexual orientation is more unstable among the college students with bisexual orientation, female gender, being only-child, from families in big cities, without left-behind experience, with higher maternal and paternal education level; gender, whether being a only-child, familial residence, and childhood emotional abuse are main influencing factors of sexual orientation change in college students.
Objective To examine the change in sexual orientation identity and its influencing factors among college students. Methods We conducted a two-wave survey among 2 291 college students selected with cluster sampling in a university in November 2014 and 2016. A self-designed demography and sexual orientation questionnaire and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form(CTQ-SF) were used in the survey. Results Totally 96(4.19%) and 177(7.73%) of the participants reported homosexual, bisexual and uncertain sexual orientation in the first-and second-wave survey. There were7.94% of the participants reporting changes in sexual orientation during the 2-year period. Higher rate of sexual orientation change was reported by the participants with bisexual orientation(χ~2 = 680.14, P < 0.001), female gender(χ~2 = 5.74, P <0.05), being only-child(χ~2 = 15.59, P < 0.001), from families in big cities( χ~2 = 17.72, P < 0.001), without left-behind experience(χ~2 = 6.26, P < 0.05), and with higher maternal and paternal education level(χ~2 = 12.71 and χ~2 = 14.53, both P <0.01) compared to the participants with other sexual orientation, male gender, non-only child, from families in other regions,being non only-child, with left-behind experience, and lower maternal and paternal education level. The scores of childhood abuse, emotional abuse and neglect were higher among the participants reporting the change in sexual orientation than those not reporting the change(P < 0.05 for all).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that male gender(odds ratio[OR] = 0.679), being a non only-child(OR = 0.611), from a family in a big city(OR = 1.198), and with more childhood emotional abuse(OR = 1.174) were main influencing factors of changes in sexual orientation. Conclusion The sexual orientation is more unstable among the college students with bisexual orientation, female gender, being only-child, from families in big cities, without left-behind experience, with higher maternal and paternal education level; gender, whether being a only-child, familial residence, and childhood emotional abuse are main influencing factors of sexual orientation change in college students.
引文
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[16]吴丹.有留守经历大学生心理安全感和社交焦虑的相关研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[17]张沛超,迟新丽,吴明霞,等.大学生同性恋、双性恋及跨性别者认知调查[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(7):921-923.
[18]彭聃龄.普通心理学[M].4版.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2012.
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[20]肖勇,汪耿夫,杨海,等.青少年童年期虐待与忽视对不良心理行为的影响[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(1):46-49.
[2]Mock SE,Eibach P.Stability and change in sexual orientation identity over a 10-year period in adulthood[J].Archives of Sexual Behavior,2012,41(3):641-648.
[3]Diamond LM.Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood:results from a 10-year longitudinal study[J].Developmental Psychology,2008,44(1):5-14.
[4]安海燕.大学生角色认同与心理健康研究[J].中国成人教育,2010(11):59-60.
[5]Everett B.Sexual orientation identity change and depressive symptoms:a longitudinal analysis[J].Journal of Health and Social Behavior,2015,56(1):37-58.
[6]熊明洲,韩雪,刘爱忠,等.男同性恋性取向成因影响因素Delphi法分析[J].中国公共卫生,2014,30(11):1421-1424.
[7]燕虹,左丹,李十月,等.女大学生同性恋行为及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2008,24(11):1283-1284.
[8]于增照,张北川,李秀芳,等.男男性行为者儿童期性虐待经历对艾滋病高危行为及心理影响[J].中华流行病学杂志,2009,30(1):14-17.
[9]Schilder AJ,Anema A,Pai J,et al.Association between childhood physical abuse,unprotected receptive anal intercourse and HIVinfection among young men who have sex with men in Vancouver,Canada[J].PLo S One,2014,9(6):e100501.
[10]王中杰,冯成亮,耿耀国.男同性恋大学生性身份认同的定性研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2012,26(8):620-625.
[11]傅文青,姚树桥,于宏华,等.儿童期创伤问卷在中国高校大学生中应用的信效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2005,13(1):40-42.
[12]Herbenick D,Reece M,Schick V,et al.Sexual behavior in the United States:results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14-94[J].Journal of Sexual Medicine,2010,7(s5):255-265.
[13]刘颋颋.同性恋者性身份认同的影响因素研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[14]Weinberg MS,Williams CJ,Pryor DW.Dual attraction:understanding bisexuality[J].American Journal of Sociology,1994,100(3).
[15]徐建财,邓远平.农村留守儿童生活经历对男女大学生人格发展的差异影响[J].重庆科技学院学报:社会科学版,2012(20):101-103.
[16]吴丹.有留守经历大学生心理安全感和社交焦虑的相关研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[17]张沛超,迟新丽,吴明霞,等.大学生同性恋、双性恋及跨性别者认知调查[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(7):921-923.
[18]彭聃龄.普通心理学[M].4版.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2012.
[19]罗凌云,风笑天.城市独生子女与非独生子女家庭教育的比较研究[J].青年探索,2001(6):12-16.
[20]肖勇,汪耿夫,杨海,等.青少年童年期虐待与忽视对不良心理行为的影响[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(1):46-49.