权力、身体与性别:中国近代女性学校体育实践
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摘要
作为国家规训女性身体的重要途径和技术,近代女性学校体育实践得到了空前重视与发展。从福柯的规训权力视角切入,以近代学校女性身体为研究对象,考察中国近代规训权力演绎下的女性学校体育实践。发现:女性学校体育实践在强化国家对女性身体控制的同时,促进了自身的发展和学校体育性别空间的重构,改变了女性体育发展的边缘化状态;但也存在异化女性身体的困境,在一定程度上消解女性学校体育实践的真正目的与意义。
The physical education activities started to be valued as a critical technique to transform women's bodies and thrived in schools in modern times.From Foucault's disciplinary perspective,this study takes modern school female bodies as research objects,and examines the female physical education activities in schools with the deduction of disciplinary powers in modern China.It discovers that female physical education activities in schools have strengthened government's control of women's bodies,promoted their own development and the reconstruction of gender space in school physical education,and changed the marginalized state of women's physical education development.Nonetheless,there also existed the dilemma of the alienation of women's bodies,which dissolved,to some extent,the real goal and purpose of female physical education activities in schools.
The physical education activities started to be valued as a critical technique to transform women's bodies and thrived in schools in modern times.From Foucault's disciplinary perspective,this study takes modern school female bodies as research objects,and examines the female physical education activities in schools with the deduction of disciplinary powers in modern China.It discovers that female physical education activities in schools have strengthened government's control of women's bodies,promoted their own development and the reconstruction of gender space in school physical education,and changed the marginalized state of women's physical education development.Nonetheless,there also existed the dilemma of the alienation of women's bodies,which dissolved,to some extent,the real goal and purpose of female physical education activities in schools.
引文
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[2] 吉登斯.亲密关系的变革:现代社会中的性、爱和爱欲[M].陈永国,汪民安,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2001:128
[3] 薛勇民,李侠.论福柯权力视野下的技术[J].自然辩证法研究,2002,18(1):6-9
[4] 梁启超.新民说[M].沈阳:辽宁出版社,1994:153-163
[5] 王拭.严复集:1-5集[C].北京:中华书局,1986:20
[6] 中国史学会.中国近代史资料丛刊:戊戌变法:3[Z].上海:神州国光社,1953:55
[7] 吕美颐,论中国近代妇女运动对社会变迁的推动作用[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1999,32(4):6
[8] 敏君.闲话妇女:妇女健康美的养成[J].方舟,1936(30):17-18
[9] 虞和平.经元善集[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,1988
[10] 梁启超.饮冰室合集文集:一[M].北京:中华书局,1989:20
[11] 蔡元培.蔡元培教育名篇[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2007:55-56
[12] 锻炼与服务[J].玲珑,1932(44):1770-1771
[13] 刘瑞峩.记女学体操[J].女子世界,1904(7):4
[14] 李玉宁,张玉法.近代中国女权运动史料:1842—1911[M].台北:传记文学社,1975:1126
[15] 浙江省丽水市文史资料委员会.丽水文史资料[M].丽水:丽水出版社,1990:29
[16] 吕静贞.学校生活的拾零[J].安庆女中月刊,1934(4):70
[17] 江苏省教育厅.江苏教育概览:民国二十一年[M].南京:江苏省教育厅,1935:251-252
[18] 普及体育之意义及实施要点[N].大夏周报,1934-09-17(46)
[19] 布尔迪厄.实践感[M].蒋梓骅,译.中国台北:译林出版社,2003:146
[20] 哈维.后现代的状况:一对文化变迁之缘起的探究[M].阎嘉,译.北京:商务印书馆,2003:291
[21] 李震.福柯谱系学视野中的身体问题[J].求是学刊,2005,32(2):44-50