追肥时期与肥料种类对夏玉米产量及水肥利用率的影响
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摘要
旨在探明晋南小麦玉米一年两熟制下夏玉米合理追肥时期和追肥种类。采用裂裂区设计,研究了追肥时期(拔节期和喇叭口期)和追肥种类(尿素+磷酸二铵,仅追尿素)对不同夏玉米品种产量及水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,主区、裂区和再裂区的产量方差分析均达极显著水平,穗粒数和百粒重是影响夏玉米产量的主要因素。4个夏玉米品种平均产量、氮肥表观利用率均为‘先玉335’>‘强盛51’>‘临玉3号’>‘浚单20’,籽粒水分利用效率为‘强盛51’>‘先玉335’>‘临玉3号’>‘浚单20’。对于高产夏玉米品种‘先玉335’和‘强盛51’,拔节期追施尿素和磷酸二铵产量及水肥利用率均高于单追尿素;大喇叭口期追施尿素产量及水肥利用率则高于尿素和磷酸二铵配施。因此,晋南小麦玉米一年两熟制下,拔节期一次性追肥应选用尿素和磷酸二铵配施,大喇叭口期一次性追肥应选用尿素单施,可获得夏玉米高产高效。
This study aimed to explore rational topdressing fertilizer stage and types for summer maize inwheat- maize double cropping system in south of Shanxi Province. Effects of topdressing fertilizer stage(jointing stage and bell stage), and topdressing fertilizer types(urea and diammonium phosphate, and only urea)on the yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency of different summer maize varieties were studied, using split-split plot design. Results showed that, the variances of main plot, split plot and split-split plot were significant.The kernel number and 100-grain weight were the key factors affecting the yield of summer maize. Averageyield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency(NFUE) of four maize varieties were‘Xianyu 335'>‘Qiangsheng51'>‘Linyu No.3'>‘Xundan 20'. Water use efficiency(WUE) of grain was‘Qiangsheng 51'>‘Xianyu335'>‘Linyu No.3'>‘Xundan 20'. For high-yield summer maize variety‘Xianyu 335'and‘Qiangsheng51', WUE and NFUE with topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate at jointing stage were higher thanthose of topdressing urea only. But topdressing urea at bell stage made the yield and water and fertilizer useefficiency higher than those of topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate. In wheat-maize double cropping system of south of Shanxi Province, topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate at jointing stage ortopdressing urea at bell stage can achieve high yield and high efficiency of summer maize.
This study aimed to explore rational topdressing fertilizer stage and types for summer maize inwheat- maize double cropping system in south of Shanxi Province. Effects of topdressing fertilizer stage(jointing stage and bell stage), and topdressing fertilizer types(urea and diammonium phosphate, and only urea)on the yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency of different summer maize varieties were studied, using split-split plot design. Results showed that, the variances of main plot, split plot and split-split plot were significant.The kernel number and 100-grain weight were the key factors affecting the yield of summer maize. Averageyield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency(NFUE) of four maize varieties were‘Xianyu 335'>‘Qiangsheng51'>‘Linyu No.3'>‘Xundan 20'. Water use efficiency(WUE) of grain was‘Qiangsheng 51'>‘Xianyu335'>‘Linyu No.3'>‘Xundan 20'. For high-yield summer maize variety‘Xianyu 335'and‘Qiangsheng51', WUE and NFUE with topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate at jointing stage were higher thanthose of topdressing urea only. But topdressing urea at bell stage made the yield and water and fertilizer useefficiency higher than those of topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate. In wheat-maize double cropping system of south of Shanxi Province, topdressing urea and diammonium phosphate at jointing stage ortopdressing urea at bell stage can achieve high yield and high efficiency of summer maize.
引文
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[9]刘星华,王琦,贾生海.栽培方式对旱作春玉米土壤酶活性及干物质积累和产量形成的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(9):73-81.
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[13]尹梅,洪丽芳,付立波,等.不同施肥时期对玉米产量和质量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2012,27(1):123-129.
[14]谢佳贵,韩晓日,王立春,等.不同施氮模式对春玉米产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2013,21(2):135-138.
[15]姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):559-565.
[16]纪德智,王端,赵京考,等.不同氮肥形式对春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮及氮素利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2015,23(2):111-116,123.
[17]李伟,李絮花,李海燕,等.控释尿素与普通尿素混施对夏玉米产量和氮肥效率的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(4):699-706.
[18]李建奇.不同玉米品种的品质、产量差异及机理研究[J].玉米科学,2007,15(4):13-17.
[19]王玲敏,叶优良,陈范骏,等.施氮对不同品种玉米产量、氮效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(5):529-535.
[20]杨利华,马瑞崑,张丽华,等.冬小麦、夏玉米品种搭配及氮磷钾统筹施肥技术研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(4):1-5.
[21]武继承,杨永辉,康永亮,等.氮磷配施对玉米生长和养分利用的影响[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(10):68-71.
[22]冯尚宗,彭美祥,孔金花,等.氮肥运筹对高产夏玉米干物质积累、叶面积指数及产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(2):1-6.
[23]南纪琴,肖俊夫,刘战东.黄淮海夏玉米高产栽培技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(21):106-110.
[2]Zhong H,Wang Q,Zhao X H,et al.Effects of different nitrogen applications on soil Physical,chemical properties and yield in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Agricultural Sciences,2014,5(14):1440-1447.
[3]Zeng L,Zhao Y F,Song Y F,et al.Effects of urea ammonium chloride of different fertilization patterns on maize yield and yield components[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2015,16(7):1462-1466.
[4]王宜伦,李潮海,谭金芳,等.氮肥后移对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收和利用的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(2):339-347.
[5]张艳君,汪仁,刘艳,等.棕壤定位施氮对土壤养分及春玉米产量的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2015(3):6-9.
[6]吕鹏,张吉旺,刘伟,等.施氮量对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):852-860.
[7]王楷,王克如,王永宏,等.密度对玉米产量(>15000 kg·hm-2)及其产量构成因子的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3437-3445.
[8]薛吉全,张仁和,马国胜,等.种植密度、氮肥和水分胁迫对玉米产量形成的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(6):1022-1029.
[9]刘星华,王琦,贾生海.栽培方式对旱作春玉米土壤酶活性及干物质积累和产量形成的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(9):73-81.
[10]谭华,郑德波,邹成林,等.水肥一体膜下滴灌对玉米产量与氮素利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):18-23.
[11]王春虎,杨文平.不同施肥方式对夏玉米植株及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(9):305-308.
[12]杨君立,安志伟,段林.不同时期追肥对夏玉米性状及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2013(19):23-24.
[13]尹梅,洪丽芳,付立波,等.不同施肥时期对玉米产量和质量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2012,27(1):123-129.
[14]谢佳贵,韩晓日,王立春,等.不同施氮模式对春玉米产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2013,21(2):135-138.
[15]姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):559-565.
[16]纪德智,王端,赵京考,等.不同氮肥形式对春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮及氮素利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2015,23(2):111-116,123.
[17]李伟,李絮花,李海燕,等.控释尿素与普通尿素混施对夏玉米产量和氮肥效率的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(4):699-706.
[18]李建奇.不同玉米品种的品质、产量差异及机理研究[J].玉米科学,2007,15(4):13-17.
[19]王玲敏,叶优良,陈范骏,等.施氮对不同品种玉米产量、氮效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(5):529-535.
[20]杨利华,马瑞崑,张丽华,等.冬小麦、夏玉米品种搭配及氮磷钾统筹施肥技术研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(4):1-5.
[21]武继承,杨永辉,康永亮,等.氮磷配施对玉米生长和养分利用的影响[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(10):68-71.
[22]冯尚宗,彭美祥,孔金花,等.氮肥运筹对高产夏玉米干物质积累、叶面积指数及产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(2):1-6.
[23]南纪琴,肖俊夫,刘战东.黄淮海夏玉米高产栽培技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(21):106-110.