基于“结构-行动”分析框架的宅基地退出机制研究——以宁波市为例
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摘要
基于"结构-行动"分析框架和面板数据模型,以宁波市为例,对宅基地退出机制进行了实证分析。结果显示:(1)2000—2015年,宁波市宅基地规模和退出潜力持续增长;(2)人口和劳动力转移、耕地保护是驱动宅基地退出的主要机制。虽然农户个人建房受到一定限制,但是农户收入的增长推动了宅基地规模持续扩张;(3)宅基地退出机制缺失主要表现为正式制度的不完善和治理制度的低效。研究表明:符合土地市场机制的土地产权制度设计、多主体行动协同的退出模式构建和空间规划引导是宅基地退出机制完善的努力方向。
Based on "structure-action" analysis framework,dpanel data model,take Ningbo City as an example,this paper studies the homestead exit mechanism to make an empirical.The results show that:(1)from 2000 to 2015,the scale and exit potential of Ningbo homestead increased continuously,and the evolution process of exit potential was characterized by strong negative decoupling model;(2)the transfer of population and labor force and the protection of cultivated land are the main mechanisms to drive the exit of homestead.Although farmers' personal housing construction is limited,the growth of farmers' income has promoted the continuous expansion of homestead scale;(3)the lack of homestead exit mechanism is mainly manifested in the imperfection of the formal system and the inefficiency of the governance system.The research shows that:the design of land property right system in accordance with the land market mechanism,the construction of multi-agent coordinated exit mode and the guidance of spatial planning are the direction to perfect the homestead exit mechanism.
Based on "structure-action" analysis framework,dpanel data model,take Ningbo City as an example,this paper studies the homestead exit mechanism to make an empirical.The results show that:(1)from 2000 to 2015,the scale and exit potential of Ningbo homestead increased continuously,and the evolution process of exit potential was characterized by strong negative decoupling model;(2)the transfer of population and labor force and the protection of cultivated land are the main mechanisms to drive the exit of homestead.Although farmers' personal housing construction is limited,the growth of farmers' income has promoted the continuous expansion of homestead scale;(3)the lack of homestead exit mechanism is mainly manifested in the imperfection of the formal system and the inefficiency of the governance system.The research shows that:the design of land property right system in accordance with the land market mechanism,the construction of multi-agent coordinated exit mode and the guidance of spatial planning are the direction to perfect the homestead exit mechanism.
引文
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[3]GRAU H R,AIDE T M.Are rural-urban migration and sustainable development compatible in mountain systems?[J].Mountain research and development,2007,27(2):119-123.
[4]刘彦随,刘玉,翟荣新.中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践[J].地理学报,2009(10):1193-1202.
[5]龙花楼,李裕瑞,刘彦随.中国空心化村庄演化特征及其动力机制[J].地理学报,2009(10):1203-1213.
[6]宇林军,孙大帅,张定祥,等.基于农户调研的中国农村居民点空心化程度研究[J].地理科学,2016(7):1043-1049.
[7]项继权,周长友.主体重构:“新三农”问题治理的路径分析[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017(6):27-35.
[8]李裕瑞,刘彦随,龙花楼.中国农村人口与农村居民点用地的时空变化[J].自然资源学报,2010(10):1629-1638.
[9]LONG H,LIU Y,LI X,et al.Building new countryside in China:A geographicalperspective[J].Land Use Policy,2010,27(2):457-470.
[10]SONG W,LIU M.Assessment of decoupling between rural settlement area and rural population inChina[J].Land Use Policy,2014,39(39):331-341.
[11]仇保兴.我国农村村庄整治的意义、误区与对策[J].城市发展研究,2006(1):1-6.
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[13]肖碧林,王道龙,陈印军,等.我国农村宅基地置换模式、问题与对策建议[J].中国农业资源与区划,2011(3):37-41.
[14]艾希.农村宅基地闲置原因及对策研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(S1):74-77.
[15]陈小君,蒋省三.宅基地使用权制度:规范解析、实践挑战及其立法回应[J].管理世界,2010(10):1-12.
[16]高圣平.宅基地制度改革试点的法律逻辑[J].烟台大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(3):23-36.
[17]葛雄灿,张三庆.农村居民点用地的调查与思考[J].经济地理,2002(S1):106-110.
[18]张秀智,丁锐.经济欠发达与偏远农村地区宅基地退出机制分析:案例研究[J].中国农村观察,2009(6):23-30.
[19]王介勇,刘彦随,陈玉福.黄淮海平原农区典型村庄用地扩展及其动力机制[J].地理研究,2010(10):1833-1840.
[20]韩俊.中国农村土地问题调查[M].上海:上海远东出版社,2009.
[21]韩立达,郝梦婷.我国农村宅基地市场化退出困境与对策研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010(32).
[22]MAGNUSSON L,TURNER B.Countryside abandoned?Suburbanization and mobility in Sweden[J].European Journal of Housing Policy,2003,3(1):35-60.
[23]韩松.新农村建设中土地流转的现实问题及其对策[J].中国法学,2012(1):19-32.
[24]王守军,杨明洪.农村宅基地使用权地票交易分析[J].财经科学,2009(4):95-101.
[25]董祚继,谢海霞,徐小黎.先完善试点再有序推进——重庆市开展地票交易试点工作的情况及思考[J].中国土地,2010(9):8-11.
[26]徐保根,杨雪锋,陈佳骊.浙江嘉兴市“两分两换”农村土地整治模式探讨[J].中国土地科学,2011(1):37-42.
[27]王兆林,杨庆媛,张佰林,等.户籍制度改革中农户土地退出意愿及其影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2011(11):49-61.
[28]许恒周,殷红春,石淑芹.代际差异视角下农民工乡城迁移与宅基地退出影响因素分析——基于推拉理论的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013(8):75-80.
[29]彭长生.农民宅基地产权认知状况对其宅基地退出意愿的影响——基于安徽省6个县1413户农户问卷调查的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2013(1):21-33.
[30]朱新华.户籍制度对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014(10):129-134.
[31]范建双,虞晓芬.浙江农村“三权”改革背景下农户宅基地空间置换意愿的影响因素[J].经济地理,2016(1):135-142.
[32]范辉.发达地区农村宅基地退出的现实困境与路径选择[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[33]GIDDENS A.New rules of sociological method:Apositive critique of interpretativesociologies[M].John Wiley&Sons,2013.
[34]金小红.吉登斯结构化理论的逻辑[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2008.
[35]Williamson O E.The New Institutional Economics:Taking Stock,Looking Ahead[J].Global Jurist,2000,38(3):595-613.
[36]郁建兴,高翔.地方发展型政府的行为逻辑及制度基础[J].中国社会科学,2012(5):95-112.
[37]姜广辉,张凤荣,周丁扬,等.北京市农村居民点用地内部结构特征的区位分析[J].资源科学,2007(2):109-116.
[38]陈诚,金志丰.经济发达地区乡村聚落用地模式演变——以无锡市惠山区为例[J].地理研究,2015(11):2155-2164.
[39]魏开,许学强,魏立华.乡村空间转换中的土地利用变化研究——以滘中村为例[J].经济地理,2012(6):114-119.
[40]龙花楼.中国农村宅基地转型的理论与证实[J].地理学报,2006(10):1093-1100.
[41]LEVIN A,LIN C F,CHU C S J.Unit root tests in panel data:asymptotic and finite-sampleproperties[J].Journal of Econometrics,2002,108(1):1-24.
[42]IM K S,PESARAN M H,SHIN Y.Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels[J].Journal of econometrics,2003,115(1):53-74.
[43]BREITUNG J.The local power of some unit root tests for panel data[M]//BALTAGI B H,B.FOMBY T B,HILL R C.Nonstationary Panels,Panel Cointegration,and Dynamic Panels(Advances in Econometrics,Volume 15).Emerald Group Publishing Limited,2001:161-177.
[44]MADDALA G S,WU S.A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics,1999,61(S1):631-652.
[45]KAO C.Spurious regression and residual-based tests forcointegration in panel data[J].Journal of econometrics,1999,90(1):1-44.
[46]郑凯文,刘卫东,张恒义.经济发达地区农村建设用地供求平衡演变特征——以宁波市为例[J].经济地理,2018(7):136-142;162.
(1)《第二次全国土地调查技术规程》将村庄用地定义为农村居民点,以及所属的商服、住宅、工矿、工业、仓储、学校等用地。
(2)《村镇规划标准(GB50188-93)》,表4.3.1。
[2]AIDE T M.ECOLOGY:Enhanced:Globalization,Migration,and Latin American Ecosystems[J].Science,2004,305(5692):1915-1916.
[3]GRAU H R,AIDE T M.Are rural-urban migration and sustainable development compatible in mountain systems?[J].Mountain research and development,2007,27(2):119-123.
[4]刘彦随,刘玉,翟荣新.中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践[J].地理学报,2009(10):1193-1202.
[5]龙花楼,李裕瑞,刘彦随.中国空心化村庄演化特征及其动力机制[J].地理学报,2009(10):1203-1213.
[6]宇林军,孙大帅,张定祥,等.基于农户调研的中国农村居民点空心化程度研究[J].地理科学,2016(7):1043-1049.
[7]项继权,周长友.主体重构:“新三农”问题治理的路径分析[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017(6):27-35.
[8]李裕瑞,刘彦随,龙花楼.中国农村人口与农村居民点用地的时空变化[J].自然资源学报,2010(10):1629-1638.
[9]LONG H,LIU Y,LI X,et al.Building new countryside in China:A geographicalperspective[J].Land Use Policy,2010,27(2):457-470.
[10]SONG W,LIU M.Assessment of decoupling between rural settlement area and rural population inChina[J].Land Use Policy,2014,39(39):331-341.
[11]仇保兴.我国农村村庄整治的意义、误区与对策[J].城市发展研究,2006(1):1-6.
[12]张建华.嘉兴市开展“两分两换”试点工作的实践与探索[J].嘉兴学院学报,2010(4):29-35.
[13]肖碧林,王道龙,陈印军,等.我国农村宅基地置换模式、问题与对策建议[J].中国农业资源与区划,2011(3):37-41.
[14]艾希.农村宅基地闲置原因及对策研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(S1):74-77.
[15]陈小君,蒋省三.宅基地使用权制度:规范解析、实践挑战及其立法回应[J].管理世界,2010(10):1-12.
[16]高圣平.宅基地制度改革试点的法律逻辑[J].烟台大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(3):23-36.
[17]葛雄灿,张三庆.农村居民点用地的调查与思考[J].经济地理,2002(S1):106-110.
[18]张秀智,丁锐.经济欠发达与偏远农村地区宅基地退出机制分析:案例研究[J].中国农村观察,2009(6):23-30.
[19]王介勇,刘彦随,陈玉福.黄淮海平原农区典型村庄用地扩展及其动力机制[J].地理研究,2010(10):1833-1840.
[20]韩俊.中国农村土地问题调查[M].上海:上海远东出版社,2009.
[21]韩立达,郝梦婷.我国农村宅基地市场化退出困境与对策研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010(32).
[22]MAGNUSSON L,TURNER B.Countryside abandoned?Suburbanization and mobility in Sweden[J].European Journal of Housing Policy,2003,3(1):35-60.
[23]韩松.新农村建设中土地流转的现实问题及其对策[J].中国法学,2012(1):19-32.
[24]王守军,杨明洪.农村宅基地使用权地票交易分析[J].财经科学,2009(4):95-101.
[25]董祚继,谢海霞,徐小黎.先完善试点再有序推进——重庆市开展地票交易试点工作的情况及思考[J].中国土地,2010(9):8-11.
[26]徐保根,杨雪锋,陈佳骊.浙江嘉兴市“两分两换”农村土地整治模式探讨[J].中国土地科学,2011(1):37-42.
[27]王兆林,杨庆媛,张佰林,等.户籍制度改革中农户土地退出意愿及其影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2011(11):49-61.
[28]许恒周,殷红春,石淑芹.代际差异视角下农民工乡城迁移与宅基地退出影响因素分析——基于推拉理论的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013(8):75-80.
[29]彭长生.农民宅基地产权认知状况对其宅基地退出意愿的影响——基于安徽省6个县1413户农户问卷调查的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2013(1):21-33.
[30]朱新华.户籍制度对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014(10):129-134.
[31]范建双,虞晓芬.浙江农村“三权”改革背景下农户宅基地空间置换意愿的影响因素[J].经济地理,2016(1):135-142.
[32]范辉.发达地区农村宅基地退出的现实困境与路径选择[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[33]GIDDENS A.New rules of sociological method:Apositive critique of interpretativesociologies[M].John Wiley&Sons,2013.
[34]金小红.吉登斯结构化理论的逻辑[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2008.
[35]Williamson O E.The New Institutional Economics:Taking Stock,Looking Ahead[J].Global Jurist,2000,38(3):595-613.
[36]郁建兴,高翔.地方发展型政府的行为逻辑及制度基础[J].中国社会科学,2012(5):95-112.
[37]姜广辉,张凤荣,周丁扬,等.北京市农村居民点用地内部结构特征的区位分析[J].资源科学,2007(2):109-116.
[38]陈诚,金志丰.经济发达地区乡村聚落用地模式演变——以无锡市惠山区为例[J].地理研究,2015(11):2155-2164.
[39]魏开,许学强,魏立华.乡村空间转换中的土地利用变化研究——以滘中村为例[J].经济地理,2012(6):114-119.
[40]龙花楼.中国农村宅基地转型的理论与证实[J].地理学报,2006(10):1093-1100.
[41]LEVIN A,LIN C F,CHU C S J.Unit root tests in panel data:asymptotic and finite-sampleproperties[J].Journal of Econometrics,2002,108(1):1-24.
[42]IM K S,PESARAN M H,SHIN Y.Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels[J].Journal of econometrics,2003,115(1):53-74.
[43]BREITUNG J.The local power of some unit root tests for panel data[M]//BALTAGI B H,B.FOMBY T B,HILL R C.Nonstationary Panels,Panel Cointegration,and Dynamic Panels(Advances in Econometrics,Volume 15).Emerald Group Publishing Limited,2001:161-177.
[44]MADDALA G S,WU S.A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test[J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics,1999,61(S1):631-652.
[45]KAO C.Spurious regression and residual-based tests forcointegration in panel data[J].Journal of econometrics,1999,90(1):1-44.
[46]郑凯文,刘卫东,张恒义.经济发达地区农村建设用地供求平衡演变特征——以宁波市为例[J].经济地理,2018(7):136-142;162.
(1)《第二次全国土地调查技术规程》将村庄用地定义为农村居民点,以及所属的商服、住宅、工矿、工业、仓储、学校等用地。
(2)《村镇规划标准(GB50188-93)》,表4.3.1。