基于乡村韧性视角的宅基地退出绩效评估研究——以四川省广汉市三水镇为例
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摘要
研究目的:构建基于乡村韧性视角的宅基地退出政策绩效评估理论框架和指标体系,并以四川省广汉市三水镇为例进行实证分析。研究方法:专家咨询法、DSP识别方法、层次分析法和综合评价法。研究结果:(1)基于韧性理论,构建了目标导向下的包含经济效益、社会效益、生态效益、基础设施效益和乡村治理效益5个维度28项评估指标的宅基地退出绩效评估指标体系;(2)实证研究了四川省广汉市三水镇宅基地退出绩效,发现其宅基地退出整体绩效适中,生态效益和基础设施效益维度的绩效较高,乡村治理效益维度的绩效较低。研究结论:基于乡村韧性视角构建的宅基地退出绩效评估指标体系,可用于国家对宅基地退出试点绩效的评估,该指标体系的相关数据取值需在考虑不同区域特点的基础上加以调整。
The purpose of this paper is to set up theoretical framework and index system for performance evaluation on rural residential land exit from the perspective of rural resilience, and to use this system to evaluate rural residential land exit policy in Sanshui Town, Guanghan City, Sichuan Province. The methods of expert consultation, DSP identification,analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive evaluation are used. Based on resilience theory, a performance evaluation index system is established, including 5 dimensions and 28 items related to economy, society, ecology, infrastructure and rural governance. Overall, we find that rural residential land exit policy in Sanshui town was satisfactory. The policy performed well in the fields of ecology and infrastructure, but remained to be improved in the field of rural governance. In conclusion, the evaluation index system can be used to evaluate the performance of rural residential land exit in national pilot areas, but the target value of some indexes need to be modified in accordance with each area's characteristics.
The purpose of this paper is to set up theoretical framework and index system for performance evaluation on rural residential land exit from the perspective of rural resilience, and to use this system to evaluate rural residential land exit policy in Sanshui Town, Guanghan City, Sichuan Province. The methods of expert consultation, DSP identification,analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive evaluation are used. Based on resilience theory, a performance evaluation index system is established, including 5 dimensions and 28 items related to economy, society, ecology, infrastructure and rural governance. Overall, we find that rural residential land exit policy in Sanshui town was satisfactory. The policy performed well in the fields of ecology and infrastructure, but remained to be improved in the field of rural governance. In conclusion, the evaluation index system can be used to evaluate the performance of rural residential land exit in national pilot areas, but the target value of some indexes need to be modified in accordance with each area's characteristics.
引文
[1]胡运霞.农村宅基地换房流转绩效研究——以天津市华明镇宅基地换房为例[J].小城镇建设,2008(4):77-81.
[2]金晓斌,黄玮,易理强,等.土地整理项目绩效评价初探[J].中国土地科学,2008,22(6):57-62.
[3]罗文斌,吴次芳,杨剑.基于“流程逻辑”框架的土地整理项目绩效物元评价[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(4):55-61.
[4]杨丽霞,朱从谋,苑韶峰,等.基于供给侧改革的农户宅基地退出意愿及福利变化分析——以浙江省义乌市为例[J].中国土地科学,2018,32(1):35-41.
[5]王志锋,徐晓明,谢天成,等.基于S-CAD方法的农村土地制度改革试点政策评估:以义乌为例[J].公共管理评论,2017(3):66-91.
[6]唐健,王庆宾,谭荣.宅基地制度改革绩效评价——基于全国5省土地政策实施监测[J].江汉论坛,2018(2):36-41.
[7]HOLLING C S. Resilience and stability of ecological systems[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1973, 4(4):1-23.
[8]SCOTT M. Resilience:a conceptual lens for rural studies[J].Geography Compass, 2013, 7(9):597-610.
[9]HEIJMAN W J M, HAGELAAR J L F, HEIDE M V D. Rural resilience as a new development concept[C]//100th seminar of the EAAE:development of agriculture and rural areas in central and eastern Europe. Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro:European Association of Agricultural Economists, 2007:383-396.
[10]HERMAPUTI R L,华晨,朱云辰,等.乡村弹性视角评估分析——以宁波市徐福村乡村发展为例[J].建筑与文化,2017(7):101-103.
[11]唐任伍,郭文娟.乡村振兴演进韧性及其内在治理逻辑[J].改革,2018(8):64-72.
[12]HOSSEINI S, BARKER K, RAMIREZ-MARQUEZ J. A review of definitions and measures of system resilience[J].Reliability Engineering and SystemSafety, 2016(145):47-61.
[13]WILSON G A, HU Z, RAHMAN S. Community resilience in rural China:the case of Hu Village, Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Rural Studies, 2018(60):130-140.
[14]HUANG X J, LIU H, ZHANG X L, et al. Land use policy as an instrument of rural resilience-the case of land withdrawal mechanism for rural homesteads in China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2018(87):47-55.
[15]展炜,何立恒,金晓斌,等.基于模糊综合评价的土地整理项目绩效评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(2):145-148.
[16]张庶,金晓斌,魏东岳,等.土地整治项目绩效评价指标设置和测度方法研究综述[J].中国土地科学,2014,28(7):90-96.
[17]陈晓军,张孝成,郑财贵,等.重庆地票制度风险评估研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(7):156-161.
(1)加拿大皇家大学等单位制作的Rural Resilience Index调查表,具体的参考网址为:https://rdrp. jibc. ca/files/2012/06/RDRP_RRI. pdf.
(2)参照RRI,在经济效益维度增加了家庭年总收入等体现乡村经济抗冲击能力提高的相关指标,在社会效益维度增加了医疗保险覆盖率、养老保险覆盖率、退出农户非农就业率、退出农户就业能力培训率等体现乡村社会抗冲击能力提高的相关指标,在生态效益维度增加了生活垃圾无害化处理率、生活污水处理率、人居环境舒适程度等体现乡村生态抗冲击能力提高的相关指标;借鉴乡村韧性的理论框架,增加了基础设施效益和乡村治理效益两个新的维度,并参考RRI相关指标,在基础设施效益维度中设置了农村硬化道路面积、自来水普及率、互联网入户率、天然气入户率等体现宅基地退出后通过基础设施改善以提高乡村韧性的相关指标,在乡村治理效益维度中设置了社区治安满意度、对村两委干部满意度、乡村治理基层组织数量、综合服务获取方便程度、村规民约数量等体现宅基地退出后通过乡村治理水平提升以提高乡村韧性的相关指标。
(1)四川省泸县国土局提供的《天兴镇田坝村农村宅基地退出及有偿使用案例分析》报告。
[2]金晓斌,黄玮,易理强,等.土地整理项目绩效评价初探[J].中国土地科学,2008,22(6):57-62.
[3]罗文斌,吴次芳,杨剑.基于“流程逻辑”框架的土地整理项目绩效物元评价[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(4):55-61.
[4]杨丽霞,朱从谋,苑韶峰,等.基于供给侧改革的农户宅基地退出意愿及福利变化分析——以浙江省义乌市为例[J].中国土地科学,2018,32(1):35-41.
[5]王志锋,徐晓明,谢天成,等.基于S-CAD方法的农村土地制度改革试点政策评估:以义乌为例[J].公共管理评论,2017(3):66-91.
[6]唐健,王庆宾,谭荣.宅基地制度改革绩效评价——基于全国5省土地政策实施监测[J].江汉论坛,2018(2):36-41.
[7]HOLLING C S. Resilience and stability of ecological systems[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1973, 4(4):1-23.
[8]SCOTT M. Resilience:a conceptual lens for rural studies[J].Geography Compass, 2013, 7(9):597-610.
[9]HEIJMAN W J M, HAGELAAR J L F, HEIDE M V D. Rural resilience as a new development concept[C]//100th seminar of the EAAE:development of agriculture and rural areas in central and eastern Europe. Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro:European Association of Agricultural Economists, 2007:383-396.
[10]HERMAPUTI R L,华晨,朱云辰,等.乡村弹性视角评估分析——以宁波市徐福村乡村发展为例[J].建筑与文化,2017(7):101-103.
[11]唐任伍,郭文娟.乡村振兴演进韧性及其内在治理逻辑[J].改革,2018(8):64-72.
[12]HOSSEINI S, BARKER K, RAMIREZ-MARQUEZ J. A review of definitions and measures of system resilience[J].Reliability Engineering and SystemSafety, 2016(145):47-61.
[13]WILSON G A, HU Z, RAHMAN S. Community resilience in rural China:the case of Hu Village, Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Rural Studies, 2018(60):130-140.
[14]HUANG X J, LIU H, ZHANG X L, et al. Land use policy as an instrument of rural resilience-the case of land withdrawal mechanism for rural homesteads in China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2018(87):47-55.
[15]展炜,何立恒,金晓斌,等.基于模糊综合评价的土地整理项目绩效评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(2):145-148.
[16]张庶,金晓斌,魏东岳,等.土地整治项目绩效评价指标设置和测度方法研究综述[J].中国土地科学,2014,28(7):90-96.
[17]陈晓军,张孝成,郑财贵,等.重庆地票制度风险评估研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(7):156-161.
(1)加拿大皇家大学等单位制作的Rural Resilience Index调查表,具体的参考网址为:https://rdrp. jibc. ca/files/2012/06/RDRP_RRI. pdf.
(2)参照RRI,在经济效益维度增加了家庭年总收入等体现乡村经济抗冲击能力提高的相关指标,在社会效益维度增加了医疗保险覆盖率、养老保险覆盖率、退出农户非农就业率、退出农户就业能力培训率等体现乡村社会抗冲击能力提高的相关指标,在生态效益维度增加了生活垃圾无害化处理率、生活污水处理率、人居环境舒适程度等体现乡村生态抗冲击能力提高的相关指标;借鉴乡村韧性的理论框架,增加了基础设施效益和乡村治理效益两个新的维度,并参考RRI相关指标,在基础设施效益维度中设置了农村硬化道路面积、自来水普及率、互联网入户率、天然气入户率等体现宅基地退出后通过基础设施改善以提高乡村韧性的相关指标,在乡村治理效益维度中设置了社区治安满意度、对村两委干部满意度、乡村治理基层组织数量、综合服务获取方便程度、村规民约数量等体现宅基地退出后通过乡村治理水平提升以提高乡村韧性的相关指标。
(1)四川省泸县国土局提供的《天兴镇田坝村农村宅基地退出及有偿使用案例分析》报告。