江淮丘陵地区塘坝系统水适应性机制与测度分析
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摘要
丘陵地区塘坝系统是适应水资源需求的产物,是人水和谐的表现。以位于江淮丘陵区的两个小流域(样区1面积1.14km2,样区2面积1.27km2)为研究样区,以高分辨率遥感影像、1∶10000DEM以及塘坝实测数据(面积和深度)等为数据源,构建了塘坝分布地形权重指数(W)、塘坝与土地利用适应性指数(P)、塘坝水资源供需适应性指数(R)等,定量研究塘坝系统水适应性机制。研究表明:研究样区林草地为主要土地利用类型(>50%),其次为耕地(约35%),而塘坝在两个样区面积占比分别为5.8%和2.82%。地形权重指数W显示高位塘坝占绝对优势。塘坝与土地利用适应性指数P显示样区1适应性较佳,而样区2适应性较差。在频率85%的年降水量情景下,塘坝供水与耕地综合灌溉需水的供需适应性指数R分别为1.02和0.59,与指数P结论相吻合。研究认为,研究区塘坝、耕地、地形三者之间具有相互制约和适应的关系。
Pond system in the hilly area is a result of the adaptation to water demand,embodying the harmonious relationship between water resources and human beings.We took two small watersheds(Ⅰ:1.14 km2;Ⅱ:1.27 km2)as the study areas,and developed terrain weight index,pond and land use adaptability index,and water supply and demand balance index to quantitatively illustrate the water adaptability mechanism of the pond system.The data set included high-resolution remote sensing images,1∶10000 DEM,and measured data(depth and size)of the ponds.The results are as follows.Forest and grassland(more than 50%)was the dominant land use type in the study areas.The cultivated land(about 35.5%)came second.Farm ponds covered only 2.82%and 5.8%of the study areas.The terrain weight indexes indicated that the high-lying ponds were absolutely dominant.The land utilization index indicated that study areaⅠhad better adaptability than study areaⅡ.Under the circumstance of precipitation probability P=85%,the water supply and demand balance index was 1.02 and 0.59 respectively.There were restrictions and adaptations between the ponds,farmland,and terrain in the study area.
Pond system in the hilly area is a result of the adaptation to water demand,embodying the harmonious relationship between water resources and human beings.We took two small watersheds(Ⅰ:1.14 km2;Ⅱ:1.27 km2)as the study areas,and developed terrain weight index,pond and land use adaptability index,and water supply and demand balance index to quantitatively illustrate the water adaptability mechanism of the pond system.The data set included high-resolution remote sensing images,1∶10000 DEM,and measured data(depth and size)of the ponds.The results are as follows.Forest and grassland(more than 50%)was the dominant land use type in the study areas.The cultivated land(about 35.5%)came second.Farm ponds covered only 2.82%and 5.8%of the study areas.The terrain weight indexes indicated that the high-lying ponds were absolutely dominant.The land utilization index indicated that study areaⅠhad better adaptability than study areaⅡ.Under the circumstance of precipitation probability P=85%,the water supply and demand balance index was 1.02 and 0.59 respectively.There were restrictions and adaptations between the ponds,farmland,and terrain in the study area.
引文
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[23]金菊良,原晨阳,蒋尚明,等.基于水量供需平衡分析的江淮丘陵区塘坝灌区抗旱能力评价[J].水利学报,2013,44(05):534-541.(JIN J L,YUAN C Y,JIANG S M,et al.Assessment of drought resistance ability for pond and retaining dam irrigated area of Jianghuai hilly area based on water supply and demand balance analysis[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(05):534-541.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2013.05.014.
[24]左其亭,毛翠翠.人水关系的和谐论研究.中国科学院院刊,2012,27(4):469-477.(ZUO Q T,MAO C C.Research on the Harmony Theory Method of Human-water Relationship.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2012,27(4):469-477.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3045.2012.04.010.
[25]左其亭.和谐度方程在水文水资源领域应用展望[J].水资源研究,2016,5(2):101-107.(ZUO Q T.Application prospect of harmony degree equation in the field of hydrology and water resources[J].Journal of Water Resources Research,2016,5(2):101-107.(in Chinese))
[26]王友贞,叶乃杰.江淮丘陵易旱地区适宜水旱种植比的研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(4):159-161.(WANG Y Z,YEN J.Study on suitable proportion of the paddy field and dryfarming grow in the drought area of Jianghuai Rolling[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(4):159-161.(in Chinese))
[27]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.(RUI X F.Principles of Hydrology[M].Beijing:Press of China Water Conservancy and Hydro-power,2004.(in Chinese))
[28]王淑英,高永胜,叶碎高,等.合理水面率的研究方法与框架初探[J].水利学报,2007(S1):568-572.(WANG S Y,GAO YS,YE S G,et al.Approach research for ratio of reasonable water surface[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007(S1):568-572.(in Chinese))
[29]邓伟,戴尔阜,贾仰文,等.山地水土要素时空耦合特征、效应及其调控[J].山地学报,2015,33(5):513-520.(DENG W,DAI E F,JIA Y W,et al.Spatio-temporal coupling characteristics,effects and their regulation of water and soil elements in mountainous Area[J].Journal of Mountain Sciences,2015,33(5):513-520.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000064.
[2]PAHL-WOSTL C.Requirements for adaptive water management.in:Pahl-Wostl C.,Kabat P.,Mltgen J.(eds)Adaptive and Integrated Water Management[M].Springer,Berlin,Heidelberg,2008.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75941-6_1.
[3]PAHL-WOSTL C.Transition towards adaptive management of water facing climate and global change[J].Water Resources Management,2007,21(1):49-62.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5591-1_4.
[4]曹建廷.水资源适应性管理及其应用[J].中国水利,2015(17):28-31.(CAO J T.Adaptive management of water resources and its application[J].China Water Resources,2015(17):28-31.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2015.17.011.
[5]左其亭.水资源适应性利用理论及其在治水实践中的应用前景[J].南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(1):18-24.(ZUO Q T.Theory of adaptive utilization of water resources and its application prospect in water management practices[J].South-toNorth Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(1):18-24.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2017.01.004.
[6]GEORGAKAKOS A P,YAO H,KISTENMACHER M,et al.Value of adaptive water resources management in Northern California under climatic variability and change:reservoir management[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,412:34-46.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.04.038.
[7]左其亭.水资源适应性利用理论的应用规则与关键问题.干旱区地理,2017,40(5):925-932.(ZUO Q T,Application rules and key issues in theory of adaptive utilization of water resources.Arid land geography,2017,40(5):925-932.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2017.05.001.
[8]ENGLE N L,JOHNS O R,LEMOS M,et al.Integrated and adaptive management of water resources:tensions,legacies,and the next best thing[J].Ecology and Society,2011,16(1):19.DOI:10.5751/es-03934-160119.
[9]FRITSCH O.Integrated and adaptive water resources management:exploring public participation in the UK.Regional Environmental Change,2017,17(7):1933-1944.DOI:10.1007/s10113-016-0973-8.
[10]俞孔坚,姜芊孜,王志芳,等.陂塘景观研究进展与评述[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(3):130-136.(YU K J,JIANG Q Z,WANG Z F,et al.The research progress and prospect of Bei Tang landscape[J].Areal Research and Development,2015,34(3):130-136.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-2363.2015.03.023.
[11]刘涓,张仕超,魏朝富.西南丘陵山区塘堰系统对农田水量平衡的局地调控作用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2010,21(3):43-48.(LIU J,ZHANG S C,WEI C F.Local regulative function of multi-pond system for the field water budget in hilly mountainous region of Southwestern China[J].Journal of Water Resources and Engineering,2010,21(3):43-48.(in Chinese))
[12]蔡学良,崔远来,董斌,等.基于GIS的南方水库灌区塘堰蓄水能力研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(10):1-4.(CAI XL,CUI Y L,DONG B,et al.Research on ponds water storage capacity of reservoir-irrigated district in Southern China based on GIS[J].China Rural Water and Hydro power,2006(10):1-4.(in Chinese))
[13]GAO J,WANG R,HUANG J.Ecological engineering for traditional Chinese agricultureing for Tradition Beitang[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,76(1):7-13.DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.06.035.
[14]MCDONALD C P,ROVER J A,STETS E G,et al.The regional abundance and size distribution of lakes and reservoirs in the United States and implications for estimates of global lake extent[J].Limnology and oceanography,2012,57:597-606.DOI:10.4319/lo.2012.57.2.0597.
[15]程文辉,王谨谨,曲强,等.我国塘坝窖池工程现状分析[J].中国水利,2013(7):16-17.(CHENG W H,WANG J J,QU Q,et al.Analysis on the current situation of pond cellar in China[J].China Water Resources,2013(7):16-17.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2013.07.009.
[16]惠富平,黄富成.汉代江淮地区陂塘水利发展及其环境效益[J].中国农史,2007(2):3-8.(HUI FP,HUANG FC.The Development of pond irrigation works and its environmental effects in Jianghuai region in the Han Dynasty[J].History of Agriculture in China,2007(2):3-8.(in Chinese))
[17]梁修存,杨祎,丁登山,魏守华.皖西江淮分水岭易旱区旱灾机制及对策研究[J].水土保持通报,2002,22(5):61-65.(LI-ANG X C,YANG Y,DING D S,et al.Analysis on Drought Mechanism and Countermeasures in Jianghuai Watershed of Western Anhui Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,22(5):61-65.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2002.05.017.
[18]樊明怀,周云峰,夏兴萍,等.安徽省江淮分水岭地区综合治理的思路和对策[J].中国农业资源与区划,2008,19(4):22-26.(FAN M H,ZHOU Y F,XIA X P,et al.Thoughts and counter measures about the comprehensive harnessing of the watershed region between the Yangtze River and Huahe River of Anhui province[J].Journal of China Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2008,19(4):22-26.(in Chinese))
[19]俞孔坚,陈义勇.国外传统农业水适应经验及水适应景观[J].中国水利,2014(3):13-16.(YU K J,CHEN Y Y.Research progress on traditional agricultural water-adaptive landscapes in abroad[J].China Water Resources,2014(3):13-16.(in Chinese))
[20]毛战坡,彭文启,尹澄清,等.非点源污染物在多水塘系统中的流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):530-535.(MAO Z P,PENG C Q,YIN C Q,et al.Spatial variability of non-point source pollutants within a multi-pond system[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2004,23(3):530-535.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2004.03.027
[21]毛战坡,尹澄清,单宝庆.水塘系统对农业流域水资源调控的定量化研究[J].水利学报,2003(12):76-83.(MAO Z P,YINC Q,SHAN B Q.Regulation function of multi-pond system for water resources in a watershed[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003(12):76-83.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2003.12.012.
[22]王庆.江淮丘陵易旱地区塘坝系统可供水量的计算研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2012.(WANG Q.Research on the Calculation of Available Water Supply of The Pond System in Area of Jianghuai Rolling[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[23]金菊良,原晨阳,蒋尚明,等.基于水量供需平衡分析的江淮丘陵区塘坝灌区抗旱能力评价[J].水利学报,2013,44(05):534-541.(JIN J L,YUAN C Y,JIANG S M,et al.Assessment of drought resistance ability for pond and retaining dam irrigated area of Jianghuai hilly area based on water supply and demand balance analysis[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(05):534-541.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2013.05.014.
[24]左其亭,毛翠翠.人水关系的和谐论研究.中国科学院院刊,2012,27(4):469-477.(ZUO Q T,MAO C C.Research on the Harmony Theory Method of Human-water Relationship.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2012,27(4):469-477.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3045.2012.04.010.
[25]左其亭.和谐度方程在水文水资源领域应用展望[J].水资源研究,2016,5(2):101-107.(ZUO Q T.Application prospect of harmony degree equation in the field of hydrology and water resources[J].Journal of Water Resources Research,2016,5(2):101-107.(in Chinese))
[26]王友贞,叶乃杰.江淮丘陵易旱地区适宜水旱种植比的研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(4):159-161.(WANG Y Z,YEN J.Study on suitable proportion of the paddy field and dryfarming grow in the drought area of Jianghuai Rolling[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(4):159-161.(in Chinese))
[27]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.(RUI X F.Principles of Hydrology[M].Beijing:Press of China Water Conservancy and Hydro-power,2004.(in Chinese))
[28]王淑英,高永胜,叶碎高,等.合理水面率的研究方法与框架初探[J].水利学报,2007(S1):568-572.(WANG S Y,GAO YS,YE S G,et al.Approach research for ratio of reasonable water surface[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007(S1):568-572.(in Chinese))
[29]邓伟,戴尔阜,贾仰文,等.山地水土要素时空耦合特征、效应及其调控[J].山地学报,2015,33(5):513-520.(DENG W,DAI E F,JIA Y W,et al.Spatio-temporal coupling characteristics,effects and their regulation of water and soil elements in mountainous Area[J].Journal of Mountain Sciences,2015,33(5):513-520.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000064.