无患子属种质资源种实性状变异及综合评价
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摘要
【目的】对我国及越南无患子属3种1变种的天然种质资源进行综合评价并定向筛选最优种质,为无患子属良种选育提供理论支撑和选育材料。【方法】基于我国14省(市、自治区)及越南1地区的无患子、川滇无患子、毛瓣无患子及石屏无患子共200份无患子属种质资源,针对20个种实性状,利用相关性、聚类和主成分分析等统计方法,分析种实性状变异,量化评价各种质。【结果】1)无患子属种实性状变异系数(CV)在5.46%～38.19%,平均变异系数为17.42%,以果皮皂苷质量分数(CV=38.19%)、种仁百粒质量(30.23%)和果皮百粒质量(30.29%)变异较大,果型指数(5.46%)和种型指数(5.70%)变异较小。种实性状多样性指数在1.47～2.04之间,平均多样性指数为1.95。2)果实百粒质量与果皮百粒质量(r~2=0.927)、种子百粒质量(0.768)呈极显著正相关;种子百粒质量与种壳百粒质量(0.863)、种仁百粒质量(0.635)呈极显著正相关,而油脂质量分数与果皮皂苷质量分数(-0.382)呈极显著负相关。3)聚类分析将种质划分为3大类群,类群Ⅰ为小果型,类群Ⅲ为中果型,类群Ⅱ为大果型。无患子主要属于类群Ⅰ,川滇无患子、毛瓣无患子、石屏无患子主要属于类群Ⅱ、Ⅲ。类群Ⅱ集中分布于贵州、云南区域。4)针对无患子产业油用、皂用及综合利用开展主成分分析,筛选出3类无患子属优良种质各10份,主要为无患子、毛瓣无患子种质,综合利用优良种质较平均水平增益36.85%。【结论】无患子属果皮皂苷质量分数、种仁百粒质量和果皮百粒质量为代表的产量指标变异幅度最大,为无患子良种选育提供了丰富的资源和极大的空间;无患子属对皂苷产物积累过程投入的增加要以减少对油脂积累的投入为代价,这体现了无患子属在特定生态环境中的权衡策略;筛选出油用、皂用及综合利用3类各10份无患子属最优种质,普遍分布于云南、贵州区域,推测这些区域拥有更适合发展无患子产业的优良种质和环境条件。
【Objective】To provide theoretical basis and genetic materials for the breeding of the Sapindus, a comprehensive assessment and selection of superior germplasms from natural germplasm resources of three species and one variety of Sapindus in China and Vietnam.【Method】Based on 200 accessions of Sapindus germplasm resources from S. mukorossi, S. delavayi, S. rarak and S. rarak var. velutinus in 14 provinces of China and 1 region of Vietnam were carried out on the basis of fruit and seed properties. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted for a quantitative assessment of the germplasms using the 20 fruit and seed properties. 【Result】1)The coefficient of variation of fruit and seed properties was 5.46%–38.19%, and the average coefficient of variation was 17.42%. Pericarp saponin content(38.19%), 100-seed kernel weight(30.23%)and 100-fruit pericarp weight(30.29%)were significantly different, while non-significant variation was found in fruit shape index(5.46%) and seed shape index(5.70%). The diversity index ranged from 1.47 to 2.04 with an average of 1.95. 2) 100-fruit weight showed a significant positive correlation with 100-fruit pericarp weight(0.927) and 100-seed weight(0.768), while 100-seed weight significantly and positively correlated to the 100-seed shell weight(0.863)and 100-seed kernel weight(0.635). On the contrary, there was a significant negative correlation between oil content and pericarp saponin content(-0.382). 3) Cluster analysis divided the germplasms into three groups according to the fruit size: small(group I), medium(group III), and large(group II). S. mukorossi mainly belongs to group I, and S. delavayi, S. rarak and S. rarak var. velutinus mainly belong to group II, III. Group II is mainly distributed in the Guizhou and Yunnan province. 4) Based on the principal component analysis respectively for oil content, saponin content and integrated use, 3 categories each with 10 accessions of superior germplasms were selected mainly from S. mukorossi and S. rarak with an average gain of 36.85%.【Conclusion】The yield index had the largest variation range, represented by pericarp saponin content and 100-fruit pericarp weight. This provides abundant resources and great space for the breeding of Sapindus. The increased investment in saponin accumulation is at the expense of reduced investment in oil accumulation, which reflects the trade-off strategy of the Sapindus in specific ecological environment. The 3 categories each with 10 selected superior germplasm accessions for oil, saponin and integrated uses are widely distributed in Yunnan and Guizhou province. It is speculated that these areas have more suitable environmental conditions and better germplasms for the development of Sapindus industry.
【Objective】To provide theoretical basis and genetic materials for the breeding of the Sapindus, a comprehensive assessment and selection of superior germplasms from natural germplasm resources of three species and one variety of Sapindus in China and Vietnam.【Method】Based on 200 accessions of Sapindus germplasm resources from S. mukorossi, S. delavayi, S. rarak and S. rarak var. velutinus in 14 provinces of China and 1 region of Vietnam were carried out on the basis of fruit and seed properties. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted for a quantitative assessment of the germplasms using the 20 fruit and seed properties. 【Result】1)The coefficient of variation of fruit and seed properties was 5.46%–38.19%, and the average coefficient of variation was 17.42%. Pericarp saponin content(38.19%), 100-seed kernel weight(30.23%)and 100-fruit pericarp weight(30.29%)were significantly different, while non-significant variation was found in fruit shape index(5.46%) and seed shape index(5.70%). The diversity index ranged from 1.47 to 2.04 with an average of 1.95. 2) 100-fruit weight showed a significant positive correlation with 100-fruit pericarp weight(0.927) and 100-seed weight(0.768), while 100-seed weight significantly and positively correlated to the 100-seed shell weight(0.863)and 100-seed kernel weight(0.635). On the contrary, there was a significant negative correlation between oil content and pericarp saponin content(-0.382). 3) Cluster analysis divided the germplasms into three groups according to the fruit size: small(group I), medium(group III), and large(group II). S. mukorossi mainly belongs to group I, and S. delavayi, S. rarak and S. rarak var. velutinus mainly belong to group II, III. Group II is mainly distributed in the Guizhou and Yunnan province. 4) Based on the principal component analysis respectively for oil content, saponin content and integrated use, 3 categories each with 10 accessions of superior germplasms were selected mainly from S. mukorossi and S. rarak with an average gain of 36.85%.【Conclusion】The yield index had the largest variation range, represented by pericarp saponin content and 100-fruit pericarp weight. This provides abundant resources and great space for the breeding of Sapindus. The increased investment in saponin accumulation is at the expense of reduced investment in oil accumulation, which reflects the trade-off strategy of the Sapindus in specific ecological environment. The 3 categories each with 10 selected superior germplasm accessions for oil, saponin and integrated uses are widely distributed in Yunnan and Guizhou province. It is speculated that these areas have more suitable environmental conditions and better germplasms for the development of Sapindus industry.
引文
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洪莉,柏明娥,张加正,等.2013.无患子种质资源多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR和SRAP分析.浙江农业科学,1(5):566-568.(Hong L,Bai M E,Zhang J Z,et al.2013.Genetic diversity and relationship analysis of Sapindus mukorossi germplasm by ISSR and SRAP molecular markers.Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,1(5):566-568.[in Chinese])
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姜翠翠,卢新坤,叶新福.2016.能源植物无患子种质的分子遗传多样性分析.分子植物育种,14(10):2888-2895.(Jiang C C,Lu X K,Ye X F.2016.Molecular genetic diversity analysis of energy plant Sapindus mukorossi germplasm resources.Molecular Plant Breeding,14(10):2888-2895.[in Chinese])
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刘济铭,孙操稳,何秋阳,等.2017.国内外无患子属种质资源研究进展.世界林业研究,30(6):12-18.(Liu J M,Sun C W,He Q Y,et al.2017.Research progress in Sapindus L.germplasm resources.World Forestry Research,30(6):12-18.[in Chinese])
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孙操稳,贾黎明,叶红莲,等.2016.无患子果实经济性状地理变异评价及与脂肪酸成分相关性.北京林业大学学报,38(12):73-83.(Sun C W,Jia L M,Ye H L,et al.2016.Geographic variation evaluating and correlation with fatty acid composition of economic characters of Sapindus spp.fruits.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,38(12):73-83.[in Chinese])
孙琳琳.2012.文冠果种质资源评价与优良单株选择.济南:山东师范大学硕士学位论文.(Sun L L.2012.Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge germplasm resources evaluation and excellent germplasm selection.Jinan:MS thesis of Shandong Normal University.[in Chinese])
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唐青涛,邱海燕,廖伟玲,等.2008.紫外分光法测定无患子果皮中总皂苷的含量.天然产物研究与开发,(B05):84-86.(Tang Q T,Qiu H Y,Liao W L,et al.2008.Determination of total saponins in pericarps of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn by spectrophotometry.Natural Product Research and Development,(B05):84-86.[in Chinese])
王乐乐.2015.小桐子SSR反应体系的优化及遗传多样性研究.海口:海南大学硕士学位论文.(Wang L L.2015.Optimization of SSR reaction for genetic diversity analysis of Jatropha curcas.Haikou:MS thesis of Hainan University.[in Chinese])
王纶,王星玉,王海岗,等.2017.山西重要黍稷种质资源品质性状的初步鉴定与评价.植物遗传资源学报,18(1):61-69.(Wang L,Wang X Y,Wang H G,et al.2017.Preliminary appraisal of important proso millet germplasm resources quality traits in Shanxi Province.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,18(1):61-69.[in Chinese])
王燕平,宗春美,孙晓环,等.2017.东北春大豆种质资源表型分析及综合评价.植物遗传资源学报,(5):837-845.(Wang Y P,Zong C M,Sun X H,et al.2017.Phenotype analysis and comprehensive evaluation on northeast spring soybean resources in Mudanjiang.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,(5):837-845.[in Chinese])
袁军,韩志强,贺舍予,等.2014.海南省油茶资源主要形态和经济性状及聚类分析.植物遗传资源学报,15(6):1380-1384.(Yuan J,Han Z Q,He S Y,et al.2014.Investigation and cluster analysis of main morphological and economical characters for oiltea resource in Hainan Province.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,15(6):1380-1384.[in Chinese])
曾列先,陈深,杨健源,等.2013.国际水稻白叶枯病圃种质资源在华南的抗性评价和利用.植物遗传资源学报,14(5):930-935.(Zeng L X,Chen S,Yang J Y,et al.2013.The resistance evaluation and their utilization of the germplasm resources from international rice bacterial blight nursery (IRBBN) in South China.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,14(5):930-935.[in Chinese])
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刁松锋,邵文豪,姜景民,等.2014b.基于种实性状的无患子优良单株选择.东北林业大学学报,42(4):6-10.(Diao S F,Shao W H,Jiang J M,et al.2014b.Superior individual selection of Sapindus mukorossi based on fruit and seed traits.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,42(4):6-10.[in Chinese])
刁松锋,邵文豪,陈涛,等.2016.无患子天然居群遗传多样性研究.林业科学研究,29(2):176-182.(Diao S F,Shao W H,Chen T,et al.2016.Genetic diversity of Sapindus mukorossi natural populations in China based on ISSR.Forest Research,29(2):176-182.[in Chinese])
董玉琛,曹永生,张学勇,等.2003.中国普通小麦初选核心种质的产生.植物遗传资源学报,4(1):1-8.(Dong Y C,Cao Y S,Zhang X Y,et al.2003.Establishment of candidate core collections in Chinese common wheat germplasm.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,4(1):1-8.[in Chinese])
范辉华,姚湘明,汤行昊,等.2014.无患子优良单株的综合评选.福建林业科技,(2):1-6.(Fan H H,Yao X M,Tang X H,et al.2014.A study on superior individual comprehensive appraisal of Sapindus mukurossi.Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,(2):1-6.[in Chinese])
高媛,贾黎明,高世轮,等.2016.无患子树体合理光环境及高光效调控.林业科学,52(11):29-38.(Gao Y,Jia L M,Gao S L,et al.2016.Reasonable canopy light intensity and high light efficiency regulation of Sapindus mukorossi.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,52(11):29-38.[in Chinese])
洪莉,柏明娥,张加正,等.2013.无患子种质资源多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR和SRAP分析.浙江农业科学,1(5):566-568.(Hong L,Bai M E,Zhang J Z,et al.2013.Genetic diversity and relationship analysis of Sapindus mukorossi germplasm by ISSR and SRAP molecular markers.Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,1(5):566-568.[in Chinese])
贾黎明,孙操稳.2012.生物柴油树种无患子研究进展.中国农业大学学报,17(6):191-196.(Jia L M,Sun C W.2012.Research progress of biodiesel tree Sapindus mukorossi.Journal of China Agricultural University,17(6):191-196.[in Chinese])
姜翠翠,卢新坤,叶新福.2016.能源植物无患子种质的分子遗传多样性分析.分子植物育种,14(10):2888-2895.(Jiang C C,Lu X K,Ye X F.2016.Molecular genetic diversity analysis of energy plant Sapindus mukorossi germplasm resources.Molecular Plant Breeding,14(10):2888-2895.[in Chinese])
刘宝,范辉华,彭珠清,等.2014.不同地理种源无患子的分子多态性分析.浙江农林大学学报,31(1):151-155.(Liu B,Fan H H,Peng Z Q,et al.2014.Molecular polymorphic analysis with geographic provenances of Sapindus mukorossi.Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,31(1):151-155.[in Chinese])
刘济铭,孙操稳,何秋阳,等.2017.国内外无患子属种质资源研究进展.世界林业研究,30(6):12-18.(Liu J M,Sun C W,He Q Y,et al.2017.Research progress in Sapindus L.germplasm resources.World Forestry Research,30(6):12-18.[in Chinese])
刘亚楠.2017.大麦种质资源遗传多样性研究及种质的评价与筛选.扬州:扬州大学硕士学位论文.(Liu Y N.2017.Study on genetic diversity,evaluation and selection of germplasm in barley.Yangzhou:MS thesis of Yangzhou University.[in Chinese])
孙操稳,贾黎明,叶红莲,等.2016.无患子果实经济性状地理变异评价及与脂肪酸成分相关性.北京林业大学学报,38(12):73-83.(Sun C W,Jia L M,Ye H L,et al.2016.Geographic variation evaluating and correlation with fatty acid composition of economic characters of Sapindus spp.fruits.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,38(12):73-83.[in Chinese])
孙琳琳.2012.文冠果种质资源评价与优良单株选择.济南:山东师范大学硕士学位论文.(Sun L L.2012.Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge germplasm resources evaluation and excellent germplasm selection.Jinan:MS thesis of Shandong Normal University.[in Chinese])
孙儒泳.1997.生活史对策.生物学通报,(5):2-4.(Sun R Y.1997.Life history strategy.Bulletin of Biology,(5):2-4.[in Chinese])
孙珍珠,李秋月,王小柯,等.2017.宽皮柑橘种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价.中国农业科学,50(22):4362-4383.(Sun Z Z,Li Q Y,Wang X K,et al.2017.Comprehensive evaluation and phenotypic diversity analysis of germplasm resources in Mandarin.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,50(22):4362-4383.[in Chinese])
唐青涛,邱海燕,廖伟玲,等.2008.紫外分光法测定无患子果皮中总皂苷的含量.天然产物研究与开发,(B05):84-86.(Tang Q T,Qiu H Y,Liao W L,et al.2008.Determination of total saponins in pericarps of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn by spectrophotometry.Natural Product Research and Development,(B05):84-86.[in Chinese])
王乐乐.2015.小桐子SSR反应体系的优化及遗传多样性研究.海口:海南大学硕士学位论文.(Wang L L.2015.Optimization of SSR reaction for genetic diversity analysis of Jatropha curcas.Haikou:MS thesis of Hainan University.[in Chinese])
王纶,王星玉,王海岗,等.2017.山西重要黍稷种质资源品质性状的初步鉴定与评价.植物遗传资源学报,18(1):61-69.(Wang L,Wang X Y,Wang H G,et al.2017.Preliminary appraisal of important proso millet germplasm resources quality traits in Shanxi Province.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,18(1):61-69.[in Chinese])
王燕平,宗春美,孙晓环,等.2017.东北春大豆种质资源表型分析及综合评价.植物遗传资源学报,(5):837-845.(Wang Y P,Zong C M,Sun X H,et al.2017.Phenotype analysis and comprehensive evaluation on northeast spring soybean resources in Mudanjiang.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,(5):837-845.[in Chinese])
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