食品生产经营者自我规制模式的构建
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摘要
我国《食品安全法》将保障食品安全的社会共治作为一项基本原则。社会共治模式融合了国家规制和社会自我规制,要求国家为社会私人主体实施自我规制提供规则和框架,并且进行相应的激励、指导和监督,通过社会私人主体的协助,确保社会公共任务的实现。社会自我规制的实质是国家利用社会私人主体的自律性行为协助其实现公共任务,进而达到国家规制的目的。生产经营者的食品安全自我规制不仅是食品安全法律治理体系回应社会现实的需求,而且也是其自身体系内在演化逻辑的必然结果。生产经营者自我规制模式的构建主要包括经营者自我规制中的国家责任及其现实形态、生产经营者自我规制的制度设计及其体系化两个方面,两者相辅相成,构成了食品安全的生产经营者自我规制模式构建的基本形态。构建生产经营者自我规制模式,国家需要承担设计和制定框架、规则来规范和监督食品生产经营者行为的责任,由食品生产经营者完成保证食品安全的公共任务,以减轻国家资源有限性和专业局限性的压力。
The Law of China on Food Safety takes the social co-governance for securing the food safety as a basic principle. The mode of social co-governance combines national regulation and social self-regulation, requiring the state to provide rules and a framework for the realization of self-regulation of private subjects in the society and carry out corresponding encouragement, guidance and supervision, and ensuring the realization of public tasks of the society through the assistance of private subjects in the society.The essence of social self-regulation is that the state takes advantage of the self-discipline of the private subjects of the society to assist in the realization of public tasks and thus achieve the purpose of national regulation. The self-regulation of producers and sellers on food safety is not only the requirement of the food safety legal governance system in response to social reality, but also the inevitable result of the internal evolution and logic of its own system. The construction of self-regulation model for producers and sellers mainly includes two aspects, i. e. the state responsibility and its real form in sellers' self-regulation, and the institution design of producers 'self-regulation and its systemization, both of which are supplementary to each other and constitute the basic form of building the self-regulation model on food safety for producers and sellers. To build the self-regulation model for producers and sellers, the state shall undertake the responsibility to design and formulate a framework and rules regulating and supervising behaviors of food producers and sellers, while food producers and sellers complete the public task of ensuring food safety so as to reduce the pressure of the state in limited resources and professional limitations.
The Law of China on Food Safety takes the social co-governance for securing the food safety as a basic principle. The mode of social co-governance combines national regulation and social self-regulation, requiring the state to provide rules and a framework for the realization of self-regulation of private subjects in the society and carry out corresponding encouragement, guidance and supervision, and ensuring the realization of public tasks of the society through the assistance of private subjects in the society.The essence of social self-regulation is that the state takes advantage of the self-discipline of the private subjects of the society to assist in the realization of public tasks and thus achieve the purpose of national regulation. The self-regulation of producers and sellers on food safety is not only the requirement of the food safety legal governance system in response to social reality, but also the inevitable result of the internal evolution and logic of its own system. The construction of self-regulation model for producers and sellers mainly includes two aspects, i. e. the state responsibility and its real form in sellers' self-regulation, and the institution design of producers 'self-regulation and its systemization, both of which are supplementary to each other and constitute the basic form of building the self-regulation model on food safety for producers and sellers. To build the self-regulation model for producers and sellers, the state shall undertake the responsibility to design and formulate a framework and rules regulating and supervising behaviors of food producers and sellers, while food producers and sellers complete the public task of ensuring food safety so as to reduce the pressure of the state in limited resources and professional limitations.
引文
(1)参见高秦伟:《社会自我规制与行政法的任务》,《中国法学》2015年第5期。
(2)参见[美]P.诺内特、P.塞尔兹尼克:《转变中的法律与社会——迈向回应型法》,张志铭译,中国政法大学出版社2004年版,第111页。
(3)参见前注(1),高秦伟文。
(4)参见[德]托依布纳:《现代法中的实质要素和反思要素》,矫波译,《北大法律评论》1999年第2期。
(5)参见谭冰霖:《环境规制的反身法路向》,《中外法学》2016年第6期。
(6)参见许志国:《系统科学》,上海科技教育出版社2000年版,第198-199页。
(7)参见前注(1),高秦伟文。
(8)参见前注(1),高秦伟文。
(9)杨彬权:《论担保行政与担保行政法——以担保国家理论为视角》,《法治研究》2015年第4期。
(10)邹焕聪:《论公私协力的公法救济模式及体系现代化——以担保国家理论为视角》,《政治与法律》2014年第10期。
(11)参见杨志强、何立胜:《自我规制理论研究评介》,《外国经济与管理》2007年第8期。
(12)参见前注(1),高秦伟文。
(13)参见安洪武、马超黎、宋治鸣、沈志刚:《行政指导在食品安全监督领域的运用》,《中国食品卫生杂志》2009年第1期。
(14)赵忠俊、梁永柱、李清平:《HACCP与GMP、ISO9000族质量保证体系在食品工业中的应用》,《医学动物防制》2007年6月第6期。
(15)国际上最早制定食品GMP规范的是美国,1969年美国FDA制定了《食品良好操作规范》。1977年、1986年美国FDA对GMP进行了修订。美国GMP具有法律上的强制性。美国的GMP制度对其他国家国家影响很大,值得我国借鉴。http://law.foodmate.net/show-169561.html,2018年12月12日访问。
(2)参见[美]P.诺内特、P.塞尔兹尼克:《转变中的法律与社会——迈向回应型法》,张志铭译,中国政法大学出版社2004年版,第111页。
(3)参见前注(1),高秦伟文。
(4)参见[德]托依布纳:《现代法中的实质要素和反思要素》,矫波译,《北大法律评论》1999年第2期。
(5)参见谭冰霖:《环境规制的反身法路向》,《中外法学》2016年第6期。
(6)参见许志国:《系统科学》,上海科技教育出版社2000年版,第198-199页。
(7)参见前注(1),高秦伟文。
(8)参见前注(1),高秦伟文。
(9)杨彬权:《论担保行政与担保行政法——以担保国家理论为视角》,《法治研究》2015年第4期。
(10)邹焕聪:《论公私协力的公法救济模式及体系现代化——以担保国家理论为视角》,《政治与法律》2014年第10期。
(11)参见杨志强、何立胜:《自我规制理论研究评介》,《外国经济与管理》2007年第8期。
(12)参见前注(1),高秦伟文。
(13)参见安洪武、马超黎、宋治鸣、沈志刚:《行政指导在食品安全监督领域的运用》,《中国食品卫生杂志》2009年第1期。
(14)赵忠俊、梁永柱、李清平:《HACCP与GMP、ISO9000族质量保证体系在食品工业中的应用》,《医学动物防制》2007年6月第6期。
(15)国际上最早制定食品GMP规范的是美国,1969年美国FDA制定了《食品良好操作规范》。1977年、1986年美国FDA对GMP进行了修订。美国GMP具有法律上的强制性。美国的GMP制度对其他国家国家影响很大,值得我国借鉴。http://law.foodmate.net/show-169561.html,2018年12月12日访问。