推挤叠加型滑脱构造及其对油气成藏的控制——以尼日尔三角洲盆地深水区为例
|
摘要
以尼日尔三角洲盆地深水逆冲区为研究对象,利用已有的三维地震和钻/测井资料,从下伏塑性泥岩的地震反射结构出发,结合浅层地层沉积特征,分析研究区的构造样式、构造活动期次及构造活动对成藏条件的影响。结果表明:①在研究区下伏塑性泥岩内识别出推挤叠加型滑脱构造样式。其下部为主滑脱面,是盆地内受重力滑脱作用广泛发育的滑脱面,上部为次滑脱面,局部发育。②推挤叠加型滑脱构造的形成和演化经历了逆冲推覆和塑性泥岩挤压2个阶段,从中新世末一直活动至今,是深水逆冲区超大型断背斜圈闭形成的主要原因。③推挤叠加型滑脱构造的发育对油气成藏具有"双刃剑"的影响,其持续性的长期活动有利于大中型圈闭的形成和油气充注,又能降低下伏烃源岩的成熟度,同时也加大了油气保存的风险。
Taking the deep-water thrust zone of Niger Delta Basin as the research object,the influences of structural style,tectonic activity period and tectonic activity on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the area are studied by means of existing three-dimensional seismic and drilling/logging data and the sedimentary characteristics of shallow strata. The results show that:( 1) Superimposed thrustpress decollement structure was identified in plastic mudstones at the lower part of the study area. Its lower detachment fault is major decollement,which is widely developed in the basin,and upper detachment fault is minor decollement,which is locally developed in the basin.( 2) In the development and evolution process of the superimposed thrust-press decollement structure,it has undergone two stages: early thrusting and late pressing. It has been active since the end of Miocene,which is the main reason for the formation of super large fault anticline traps in deep water thrust area.( 3) The development of the superimposed thrust-press decollement structure has a " double-edged sword" effect on hydrocarbon accumulation. Its sustained long-term activity is conducive to the formation of large and medium traps and hydrocarbon filling,but can reduce the maturity of underlying source rocks and increase the risk of hydrocarbon preservation.
Taking the deep-water thrust zone of Niger Delta Basin as the research object,the influences of structural style,tectonic activity period and tectonic activity on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in the area are studied by means of existing three-dimensional seismic and drilling/logging data and the sedimentary characteristics of shallow strata. The results show that:( 1) Superimposed thrustpress decollement structure was identified in plastic mudstones at the lower part of the study area. Its lower detachment fault is major decollement,which is widely developed in the basin,and upper detachment fault is minor decollement,which is locally developed in the basin.( 2) In the development and evolution process of the superimposed thrust-press decollement structure,it has undergone two stages: early thrusting and late pressing. It has been active since the end of Miocene,which is the main reason for the formation of super large fault anticline traps in deep water thrust area.( 3) The development of the superimposed thrust-press decollement structure has a " double-edged sword" effect on hydrocarbon accumulation. Its sustained long-term activity is conducive to the formation of large and medium traps and hydrocarbon filling,but can reduce the maturity of underlying source rocks and increase the risk of hydrocarbon preservation.
引文
[1]邓荣敬,邓运华,于水,等.尼日尔三角洲盆地油气地质与成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):755-762.DENG Rongjing,DENG Yunhua,YU Shui,et al. Hydrocarbon geology and reservoir formation characteristics of Niger Delta Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):755-762.
[2]陈书平,王春修,肖华,等.尼日尔三角洲新生代褶皱作用及相关的油气圈闭[J].高校地质学报,2013(2):355-363.CHEN Shuping,WANG Chunxiu,XIAO Hua,et al. Folding of the Niger Delta in the Cenozoic and its related traps[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2013(2):355-363.
[3]张光亚,温志新,梁英波,等.全球被动陆缘盆地构造沉积与油气成藏:以南大西洋周缘盆地为例[J].地学前缘,2014,21(3):18-25.ZHANG Guangya,WEN Zhixin,LIANG Yingbo,et al.Tectonic-sedimentary features and petroleum accumulation in the passive continental margin basins of south Atlantic peripheries[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(3):18-25.
[4] DEPTUCK M E,STEFFENS G S,BARTON M,et al. Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea[J]. Marine&Petroleum Geology,2003,20(6/8):649-676.
[5] WHITEMAN A. Nigeria:Its Petroleum Geology,Resources and Potential[M]. Graham&Trotman,1982.
[6] USGS World Energy Assessment Team. U. S. Geology Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2012-Description And Results[CD],2012.
[7]张兴.尼日尔三角洲盆地油气地质特征及潜力分析[J].石油学报,2000,21(1):40-43.ZHANG Xing. Petroleum geological characteristics and potential analysis in the Niger delta basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(1):40-43.
[8] ALAN Petzet.世界边缘盆地勘探前沿:苏里南盆地、阿拉湖盆地、莫桑比克海峡东边的新油气区、尼日尔三角洲的勘探区、乍得南部盆地[J].世界石油工业,2012(6):62-66.
[9]徐志诚,吕福亮,范国章,等.西非海岸盆地深水区油气地质特征和勘探前景[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(5):1-5.XU Zhicheng,LYU Fuliang,FAN Guozhang,et al. Deepwater petroleum Geology and exploration potential of West Africa coastal basins[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(5):1-5.
[10]于水,李涛,胡望水,等.尼日尔三角洲盆地泥收缩构造发育特征及对沉积的控制[J].海相油气地质,2017,22(4):53-60.YU Shui,LI Tao,HU Wangshui,et al. Contractional structure in muds:pattern,evolution,and the control on the deposition of Niger Delta Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2017,22(4):53-60.
[11]程涛,于水,陶维祥,等.西非被动大陆边缘盆地深水沉积体系特征[J].地质科技情报,2017(5):92-101.CHENG Tao,YU Shui,TAO Weixiang,et al. Characteristic of deepwater depositional systems in passive continentalmargin basin,West Africa[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2017(5):92-101.
[12]胡孝林,于水,刘新颖.尼日尔三角洲盆地过路朵叶体特征及发育模式[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(5):31-39.HU Xiaolin,YU Shui,LIU Xinying. Characteristic and development model of transient lobe in Niger delta basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2014,38(5):31-39.
[13]王允洪.尼日尔三角洲前缘逆冲断层和油气聚集关系分析[C].中国石油地质年会,2013.
[14]曹海红,练铭祥,刘新福,等.尼日尔三角洲石油地质特征[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(5):42-46.CAO Haihong,LIAN Mingxiang,LIU Xinfu,et al. Petroleum geological characteristics of Niger Delta Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(5):42-46.
[15]WU J E,MCCLAY K,FRANKOWICZ E. Niger Delta gravity-driven deformation above the relict Chain and Charcot oceanic fracture zones,Gulf of Guinea:insights from analogue models[J]. Marine&Petroleum Geology,2015,65:43-62.
[16]Ihs Energy Group. International petroleum exploration and production database[DB]. Ihs Energy Group,2013.
[17]CORREDOR F,SHAW J H,BILOTTI F. Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(6):753-780.
[18]DAMUTH J E. Neogene gravity tectonics and depositional processes on the deep Niger Delta continental margin[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,1994,11(3):320-346.
[19]BYAMI A J,LIDIA L,ALEXANDER C W. Growth history of fault-related folds and interaction with seabed channels in the toe-thrust region of the deep-water Niger delta[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,70:58-76.
[20]HOOPER R J,FITZSIMMONS R J,GRANT N,et al. The role of deformation in controlling depositional patterns in the south-central Niger Delta,West Africa[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2002,24(4):847-859.
[2]陈书平,王春修,肖华,等.尼日尔三角洲新生代褶皱作用及相关的油气圈闭[J].高校地质学报,2013(2):355-363.CHEN Shuping,WANG Chunxiu,XIAO Hua,et al. Folding of the Niger Delta in the Cenozoic and its related traps[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2013(2):355-363.
[3]张光亚,温志新,梁英波,等.全球被动陆缘盆地构造沉积与油气成藏:以南大西洋周缘盆地为例[J].地学前缘,2014,21(3):18-25.ZHANG Guangya,WEN Zhixin,LIANG Yingbo,et al.Tectonic-sedimentary features and petroleum accumulation in the passive continental margin basins of south Atlantic peripheries[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(3):18-25.
[4] DEPTUCK M E,STEFFENS G S,BARTON M,et al. Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea[J]. Marine&Petroleum Geology,2003,20(6/8):649-676.
[5] WHITEMAN A. Nigeria:Its Petroleum Geology,Resources and Potential[M]. Graham&Trotman,1982.
[6] USGS World Energy Assessment Team. U. S. Geology Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2012-Description And Results[CD],2012.
[7]张兴.尼日尔三角洲盆地油气地质特征及潜力分析[J].石油学报,2000,21(1):40-43.ZHANG Xing. Petroleum geological characteristics and potential analysis in the Niger delta basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(1):40-43.
[8] ALAN Petzet.世界边缘盆地勘探前沿:苏里南盆地、阿拉湖盆地、莫桑比克海峡东边的新油气区、尼日尔三角洲的勘探区、乍得南部盆地[J].世界石油工业,2012(6):62-66.
[9]徐志诚,吕福亮,范国章,等.西非海岸盆地深水区油气地质特征和勘探前景[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(5):1-5.XU Zhicheng,LYU Fuliang,FAN Guozhang,et al. Deepwater petroleum Geology and exploration potential of West Africa coastal basins[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(5):1-5.
[10]于水,李涛,胡望水,等.尼日尔三角洲盆地泥收缩构造发育特征及对沉积的控制[J].海相油气地质,2017,22(4):53-60.YU Shui,LI Tao,HU Wangshui,et al. Contractional structure in muds:pattern,evolution,and the control on the deposition of Niger Delta Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2017,22(4):53-60.
[11]程涛,于水,陶维祥,等.西非被动大陆边缘盆地深水沉积体系特征[J].地质科技情报,2017(5):92-101.CHENG Tao,YU Shui,TAO Weixiang,et al. Characteristic of deepwater depositional systems in passive continentalmargin basin,West Africa[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2017(5):92-101.
[12]胡孝林,于水,刘新颖.尼日尔三角洲盆地过路朵叶体特征及发育模式[J].东北石油大学学报,2014,38(5):31-39.HU Xiaolin,YU Shui,LIU Xinying. Characteristic and development model of transient lobe in Niger delta basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2014,38(5):31-39.
[13]王允洪.尼日尔三角洲前缘逆冲断层和油气聚集关系分析[C].中国石油地质年会,2013.
[14]曹海红,练铭祥,刘新福,等.尼日尔三角洲石油地质特征[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(5):42-46.CAO Haihong,LIAN Mingxiang,LIU Xinfu,et al. Petroleum geological characteristics of Niger Delta Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(5):42-46.
[15]WU J E,MCCLAY K,FRANKOWICZ E. Niger Delta gravity-driven deformation above the relict Chain and Charcot oceanic fracture zones,Gulf of Guinea:insights from analogue models[J]. Marine&Petroleum Geology,2015,65:43-62.
[16]Ihs Energy Group. International petroleum exploration and production database[DB]. Ihs Energy Group,2013.
[17]CORREDOR F,SHAW J H,BILOTTI F. Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(6):753-780.
[18]DAMUTH J E. Neogene gravity tectonics and depositional processes on the deep Niger Delta continental margin[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,1994,11(3):320-346.
[19]BYAMI A J,LIDIA L,ALEXANDER C W. Growth history of fault-related folds and interaction with seabed channels in the toe-thrust region of the deep-water Niger delta[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,70:58-76.
[20]HOOPER R J,FITZSIMMONS R J,GRANT N,et al. The role of deformation in controlling depositional patterns in the south-central Niger Delta,West Africa[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2002,24(4):847-859.