零售商视角下的双边社会责任闭环供应链最优决策与协调研究
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摘要
从零售商的视角下构造了由单一的制造商和零售商组成的具有双边社会责任闭环供应链,制造商不仅通过其正向渠道向客户销售产品,而且使用逆向渠道通过零售商从消费者那里回收旧产品,除探讨社会责任水平对供应链均衡决策的影响外,还应用两部定价契约、收入共享契约进行供应链的协调设计及利润分配。研究发现:集中决策较分散决策供应链系统利润更高,社会责任承担水平更高;最优产品回收率、供应链利润与社会责任水平成正比,而最优批发价格、零售价格与社会责任水平成反比;此外有趣的是,最优产品回收率的上下界限不受社会责任水平的影响;通过收入共享契约和两部定价契约均能实现到较好的闭环供应链协调效果,达到集中决策的水平。最后给出算例分析验证了相关结论。
From the retailer's perspective,a closed-loop supply chain with bilateral social responsibility is composed of a single manufacturer and a single retailer.Manufacturers not only sell their products to customers through positive channels,but also use reverse channels to recycle used products from consumers through retailers.In addition to exploring the impact of the level of social responsibility shown by manufacturers and retainers on supply chain equilibrium decisions,two-part tariff and revenue-sharing contracts were applied to the coordination design of the supply chains.The results show that centralized decision-making is more profitable than decentralized decision-making,and the level of social responsibility commitment is higher.The optimal product recovery rate and supply chain profit are directly proportional to the level of social responsibility,while the optimal wholesale and retail prices are inversely proportional to the social responsibility shown.Interestingly,the upper and lower bounds of the optimal product recovery rate are not affected by the level of social responsibility.Moreover,revenue-sharing and two-part tariff contracts can help to achieve a better coordination result within closed-loop supply chains.Finally,a numerical example is given to verify the relevant conclusions.
From the retailer's perspective,a closed-loop supply chain with bilateral social responsibility is composed of a single manufacturer and a single retailer.Manufacturers not only sell their products to customers through positive channels,but also use reverse channels to recycle used products from consumers through retailers.In addition to exploring the impact of the level of social responsibility shown by manufacturers and retainers on supply chain equilibrium decisions,two-part tariff and revenue-sharing contracts were applied to the coordination design of the supply chains.The results show that centralized decision-making is more profitable than decentralized decision-making,and the level of social responsibility commitment is higher.The optimal product recovery rate and supply chain profit are directly proportional to the level of social responsibility,while the optimal wholesale and retail prices are inversely proportional to the social responsibility shown.Interestingly,the upper and lower bounds of the optimal product recovery rate are not affected by the level of social responsibility.Moreover,revenue-sharing and two-part tariff contracts can help to achieve a better coordination result within closed-loop supply chains.Finally,a numerical example is given to verify the relevant conclusions.
引文
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[22]Panda S,Modak N M.Coordinating a socially responsible closed-loop supply chain with product recycling[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2017,188:11-21.
[23]Savaskan R C,Bhattacharya S,Wassenhove L N V.ClosedLoop Supply Chain Models with Product Remanufacturing[J].Management Science,2004,50(2):239-252.
[24]Chuang C H,Wang C X,Zhao Y.Closed-loop supply chain models for a high-tech product under alternative reverse channel and collection cost structures[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2014,156(5):108-123.
[25]彭志强,宋文权.政府补贴下闭环供应链差别定价及协调机制[J].工业工程与管理,2016,21(4):58-66.
[2]Cotte J,Trudel R.Socially conscious consumerism:a systematic review of the body of knowledge[R].Network for Business Sustainability Knowledge Project Series Economist,2009.Green Bocking,Sep 17th,2009.
[3]Cruz J M.Dynamics of supply chain networks with corporate social responsibility through integrated environmental decisionmaking[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2009,47(3):621-648.
[4]Cruz J M.Modeling the relationship of globalized supply chains and corporate social responsibility[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2013,56(10):73-85.
[5]Ni D,Li K W.A game-theoretic analysis of social responsibility conduct in two-echelon supply chains[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2012,138(2):303-313.
[6]Hsueh C F.Improving corporate social responsibility in a supply chain through a new revenue sharing contract[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2014,151(3):214-222.
[7]梁佑山,倪得兵,唐小我.基于企业社会责任的供应链双渠道竞争模型[J].中国管理科学,2013(s2):453-460.
[8]郭春香,李旭升,郭耀煌.社会责任环境下供应链的协作与利润分享策略研究[J].管理工程学报,2011,25(2):103-108.
[9]Modak N M,Panda S,Sana S S,et al.Corporate social responsibility,coordination and profit distribution in a dualchannel supply chain[J].Pacific Science Review,2014,16(4):235-249.
[10]Panda S,Modak N M,Basu M,et al.Channel coordination and profit distribution in a social responsible three-layer supply chain[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2015,168:224-233.
[11]Goering G E.Corporate social responsibility and marketing channel coordination[J].Research in Economics,2012,66(2):142-148.
[12]颜波,刘巳.基于连续时间动态博弈的供应链企业社会责任研究[J].管理学报,2016,13(6):913-921.
[13]宋杰珍,黄有方,谷金蔚.具有社会责任意识的单生产商-两零售商供应链均衡决策研究[J].管理学报,2016,13(10):1571-1578.
[14]熊中楷,申成然,彭志强.专利保护下再制造闭环供应链协调机制研究[J].管理科学学报,2011,14(6):76-85.
[15]李新然,胡鹏旭,牟宗玉.第三方回收闭环供应链协调应对突发事件研究[J].科研管理,2013,V34(1):99-107.
[16]郭亚军,李少江,赵礼强.基于第三方的一类闭环供应链协调问题研究[J].工业工程与管理,2007,12(5):18-22.
[17]许茂增,唐飞.基于第三方回收的双渠道闭环供应链协调机制[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(8):2083-2089.
[18]易余胤,梁家密.奖惩机制下的再制造闭环供应链协调[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(4):841-849.
[19]赵晓敏,黄盈.基于双源供货的闭环供应链最优决策和社会福利分析[J].工业工程与管理,2016,21(5):76-82.
[20]邱若臻,黄小原.具有产品回收的闭环供应链协调模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(6):883-886.
[21]高举红,韩红帅,侯丽婷,等.考虑社会责任的闭环供应链决策与协调[J].计算机集成制造系统,2014,20(6):1453-1461.
[22]Panda S,Modak N M.Coordinating a socially responsible closed-loop supply chain with product recycling[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2017,188:11-21.
[23]Savaskan R C,Bhattacharya S,Wassenhove L N V.ClosedLoop Supply Chain Models with Product Remanufacturing[J].Management Science,2004,50(2):239-252.
[24]Chuang C H,Wang C X,Zhao Y.Closed-loop supply chain models for a high-tech product under alternative reverse channel and collection cost structures[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2014,156(5):108-123.
[25]彭志强,宋文权.政府补贴下闭环供应链差别定价及协调机制[J].工业工程与管理,2016,21(4):58-66.