Ka波段高压缩比电子光学系统的分析与设计
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摘要
微波电真空器件向高功率、高频率、宽频带、高效率和小型化方向发展,对电子光学系统的要求也日益增高。文中设计了工作于Ka波段的扩展互作用速调管(Extended Interaction Klystron, EIK)高压缩比电子枪,利用二维仿真软件E-GUN和三维仿真软件Opera-3D对轴对称电子束在均匀永磁聚焦磁场内运动状态进行建模并仿真计算。相关结果表明,在阳极电压25 kV、注电流2.5 A、阴极面电流密度不超过12 A/cm~2的条件下,面压缩比约为85,电子注以良好的刚性通过互作用区域。
Microwave vacuum electronic devices are developing toward high power, high frequency, high efficiency, wide band and compactness, and the requirement for the electron optical system is increasing. In this paper, an electron gun with high compression and stability working in Ka-band is designed. The transmission of axial symmetric electron beams in a uniform permanent magnetic field is mathematically modeled and numerically simulated with E-GUN and Opera-3 D codes. The simulation results show that the novel electron gun has a beam current of 2.5 A, and an area compression ratio of nearly 85, when the anode voltage is 25 kV. The emission current density on the cathode is less than 12 A/cm~2. This highly compressed electron beam can smoothly pass through the interaction region with good stiffness.
Microwave vacuum electronic devices are developing toward high power, high frequency, high efficiency, wide band and compactness, and the requirement for the electron optical system is increasing. In this paper, an electron gun with high compression and stability working in Ka-band is designed. The transmission of axial symmetric electron beams in a uniform permanent magnetic field is mathematically modeled and numerically simulated with E-GUN and Opera-3 D codes. The simulation results show that the novel electron gun has a beam current of 2.5 A, and an area compression ratio of nearly 85, when the anode voltage is 25 kV. The emission current density on the cathode is less than 12 A/cm~2. This highly compressed electron beam can smoothly pass through the interaction region with good stiffness.
引文
[1] 殷勇,刘海敬,陈玲,等.高电流密度实心电子束均匀磁场聚焦电子枪的设计[J].真空科学与技术,2014,34(2):148-152 Yin Y,Liu H J,Chen L,et al.Design of high-current-density,pencil-beam electron gun with uniform magnetic field focusing[J].Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology,2014,34(2):148-152
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[9] Zhao D,Liu G F,Gu W.Development of a high power Ka-band extended interaction klystron[A].IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C],Busan,South Korea,2019
[10] Herrmannsfeldt W B.E-GUN-an electron optics and gun design program[R].SLAC-331,Stanford,CA,USA,October 1988
[11] Cobham Technical Services.Opera-3d Reference Manual.http://operafea.com/,2014
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[13] 张瑞,王勇,谢敬新,等.百兆瓦级高功率速调管电子光学系统的研究[J].真空科学与技术学报,2009,29(5):499-503 Zhang R,Wang Y,Xie J X,et al.Design simulation of electron optics system for 100 megawatt klystron[J].Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology,2009,29(5):499-503
[14] 丁耀根.大功率速调管的理论与计算模拟[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.187-188 Ding Y G.Theory and computer simulation of high power klystron[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2008.187-188
[15] Rokhlenko A,Lebowitz J L.Space-charge-limited 2D electron flow between two flat electrodes in a strong magnetic field[J].Physics Review Letters,2003,91(8):085002-1-085002-4
[16] 丁耀根.大功率速调管的设计制造和应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.137-145 Ding Y G.Design,manufacture and application of high power klystron[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2010.137-145
[17] 王树忠,阮存军,赵鼎,等.X波段50MW速调管电子光学系统的初步设计[J].微波学报,2012(S2):259-261 Wang S Z,Ruan C J,Zhao D,et al.Elementary design of X-band 50MW klystron electron optics system[J].Journal of Microwaves,2012(S2):259-261
[18] Jr.Gilmour A S.Klystrons,traveling wave tubes,magnetrons,crossed-field amplifiers and gyrotrons[M].Boston:Artech house,2011.164-165
[2] 刘振帮,赵欲聪,黄华,等.Ka波段带状注相对论扩展互作用速调管放大器的分析与设计[J].物理学报,2015,64(10):108404-1-108404-9 Liu Z B,Zhao Y C,Huang H,et al.Analysis and design of a Ka-band sheet beam relativistic extended interaction klystron amplifier[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(10):108404-1-108404-9
[3] Harvey W,Tope M,Daniel E F,et al.Development path of a Ka-band extended interaction klystron for space-borne interferometer[A].IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C],Monterey,CA,USA,2016.61-62
[4] Dave B,Deng H,Dobbs R,et al.Practical aspects of EIK technology[J].IEEE Transaction on Electron Devices,2014,61(6):1830-1835
[5] Brian S,Roitman A,Horoyski P,et al.Millimeter-wave extended interaction klystrons for high power ground,airborne and space radars[A].IEEE Proceeding of the 41st European Microwave Conference[C],2011.984-987
[6] 冯海平,孙福江,盛兴.Ka波段10kW分布作用速调管的研究[J].真空电子技术,2016(3):5-7 Feng H P,Sun F J,Sheng X.Development of a 10kW Ka-band extended interaction klystron[J].Vacuum Electronics,2016(3):5-7
[7] 盛兴,韦莹,孙福江,等.Ka波段分布作用速调管技术[J].真空电子技术,2012(2):19-24 Sheng X,Wei Y,Sun F J,et al.Ka-band extended-interaction klystron design[J].Vacuum Electronics,2012(2):19-24
[8] 赵鼎,顾伟,张长青,等.Ka波段高功率分布作用脉冲速调管的研制[A].中国电子学会真空电子学分会第二十一届学术年会论文集[C],2018 Zhao D,Gu W,Zhang C Q,et al.Development of Ka-band high power extended interaction pulsed klystron[A].Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Vacuum Electronics Branch of the Chinese Institute of Electronics[C],2018
[9] Zhao D,Liu G F,Gu W.Development of a high power Ka-band extended interaction klystron[A].IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference[C],Busan,South Korea,2019
[10] Herrmannsfeldt W B.E-GUN-an electron optics and gun design program[R].SLAC-331,Stanford,CA,USA,October 1988
[11] Cobham Technical Services.Opera-3d Reference Manual.http://operafea.com/,2014
[12] Vaughan J,Rodney M.Synthesis of the pierce gun[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,1981,28(1):37-41
[13] 张瑞,王勇,谢敬新,等.百兆瓦级高功率速调管电子光学系统的研究[J].真空科学与技术学报,2009,29(5):499-503 Zhang R,Wang Y,Xie J X,et al.Design simulation of electron optics system for 100 megawatt klystron[J].Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology,2009,29(5):499-503
[14] 丁耀根.大功率速调管的理论与计算模拟[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.187-188 Ding Y G.Theory and computer simulation of high power klystron[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2008.187-188
[15] Rokhlenko A,Lebowitz J L.Space-charge-limited 2D electron flow between two flat electrodes in a strong magnetic field[J].Physics Review Letters,2003,91(8):085002-1-085002-4
[16] 丁耀根.大功率速调管的设计制造和应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.137-145 Ding Y G.Design,manufacture and application of high power klystron[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2010.137-145
[17] 王树忠,阮存军,赵鼎,等.X波段50MW速调管电子光学系统的初步设计[J].微波学报,2012(S2):259-261 Wang S Z,Ruan C J,Zhao D,et al.Elementary design of X-band 50MW klystron electron optics system[J].Journal of Microwaves,2012(S2):259-261
[18] Jr.Gilmour A S.Klystrons,traveling wave tubes,magnetrons,crossed-field amplifiers and gyrotrons[M].Boston:Artech house,2011.164-165