两种道路选取策略的比较研究
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摘要
道路选取是根据比例尺的要求,在道路网中保留相对重要道路、舍弃相对次要道路的地图综合操作。从概念层和操作层对两种不同的道路选取策略进行了比较。一种是删除后更新策略,即删除一条道路后更新其他道路的重要度;另一种是删除后不更新策略,即删除一条道路后不更新其他道路的重要度。以常用的stroke重要度排序法为道路选取方法,运用长度、连通度、接近度和中介度的加权来描述道路的重要度,采用相似性、误删率、漏删率等定量指标以及定性的目视判别评价选取结果。以深圳市1∶1万道路网和1∶5万道路网作为研究数据进行了实验。理论上删除后更新策略优于删除后不更新策略,然而实证表明删除后不更新策略在常用定量评价指标上优于删除后更新策略,在定性评价方面则各有优劣。
The road selection is a cartographic generalization operation to retain more important parts, or to omit the less important parts, of the linear features representing road network according to the cartographic scale requirement. Many researchers have paid much attention to the approaches to road network selection. This paper gives a comparative analysis of two selection strategies from conceptual and operational level. One strategy is to update the importance of the retained roads after eliminating one road and the other is not to update. The stroke ordering method is used as the road selection method, and length, connectivity, closeness, and betweenness are used to determine the importance of individual strokes. The selection results are evaluated by quantitative measures(including similarity, commission error and omission error), and qualitative visual inspection. The road network of Shenzhen city is used in the experiments. Theoretically, the update after dimination strategy is better than non-update strategy. Empirically, quantitative results shows that the non-update strategy is superior, while qualitative inspection shows that each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages.
The road selection is a cartographic generalization operation to retain more important parts, or to omit the less important parts, of the linear features representing road network according to the cartographic scale requirement. Many researchers have paid much attention to the approaches to road network selection. This paper gives a comparative analysis of two selection strategies from conceptual and operational level. One strategy is to update the importance of the retained roads after eliminating one road and the other is not to update. The stroke ordering method is used as the road selection method, and length, connectivity, closeness, and betweenness are used to determine the importance of individual strokes. The selection results are evaluated by quantitative measures(including similarity, commission error and omission error), and qualitative visual inspection. The road network of Shenzhen city is used in the experiments. Theoretically, the update after dimination strategy is better than non-update strategy. Empirically, quantitative results shows that the non-update strategy is superior, while qualitative inspection shows that each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages.
引文
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[6] Chen Jun, Hu Yungang, Li Zhilin, et al. Selective Omission of Road Features Based on Mesh Density for Automatic Map Generalization [J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009, 23(8): 1 034-1 037
[7] Touya G. A Road Network Selection Process Based on Data Enrichment and Structure Detection[J]. Transactions in GIS, 2010, 14(5):595-614
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[9] Jiang Bin, Claramunt C. A Structural Approach to the Model Generalization of Urban Street Network [J]. GeoInformatica, 2004, 8(2): 157-173
[10] Jiang Bin, Harrie L. Selection of Streets from a Network Using Self-Organizing Maps [J]. Transactions in GIS, 2004, 8(3): 335-350
[11] Liu Xingjian, Zhan Feibing, Ai Tinghua. Road Selection Based on Voronoi Diagrams and “Strokes” in Map Generalization [J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2010, 12: S194-S202
[12] Thomson R C, Richardson D E. The “Good Continuation” Principle of Perceptual Organization Applied to the Generalization of Road Networks [C]. Proceedings of 19th International Cartographic Conference, Ottawa, Canada,1999
[13] Zhang Qingnian. Road Network Generalization Based on Connection Analysis [C]. Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Leicester, UK, 2004
[14] Tomko M, Winter S, Claramunt C. Experiential hierarchies of Streets [J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2008, 32 (1):41-52
[15] Yang Bisheng, Luan Xuechen, LI Qingquan. Gene-rating Hierarchical Strokes from Urban Street Networks Based on Spatial Pattern Recognition[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2011, 25(12): 2 025-2 050
[16] Xu Zhu, Liu Caifeng, Zhang Hong, et al. Road Selection Based on Evaluation of Stroke Network Functionality[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2012, 41(5):769-776(徐柱, 刘彩凤, 张红,等. 基于路划网络功能评价的道路选取方法 [J]. 测绘学报, 2012, 41(5): 769-776)
[17] Richardson D E, Thomson R C. Integrating Thematic, Geometric, and Topologic Information in the Generalization of Road Networks [J]. Cartographica, 1996, 33(1): 75-83
[18] Deng Hongyan, Wu Fang, Zhai Renjian, et al. A Generalization Model of Road Networks Based on Genetic Algorithm[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2006, 31(2): 164-167(邓红艳, 武芳, 翟仁健,等. 基于遗传算法的道路网综合模型[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2006, 31(2): 164-167)
[19] Li Zhilin, Zhou Qi. Integration of Linear and Areal Hierarchies for Continuous Multi-scale Representation of Road Networks [J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2012,26(5): 855-880
[20] Benz S, Weibel R. Road Network Selection for Medium Scales Using an Extended Stroke-mesh Combination Algorithm [J]. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 2014, 43(4):323-339
[21] Li Zhilin, Choi Yuenhang. Topographic Map Gene-ralization: Association of Road Elimination with Thematic Attributes [J]. The Cartographic Journal, 2002, 39(2): 153-166
[22] Zhou Qi, Li Zhilin. Evaluation of Properties to Determine the Importance of Individual Roads for Map Generalization[C]// Ruas A. Advance in Cartography and GIScience, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011: 459-475
[23] Zhou Qi, Li Zhilin. A Comparative Study of Various Strategies to Concatenate Road Segment into Strokes for Map Generalization [J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2012, 26(4): 691-715
[24] Guo Qingsheng,Huang Yuanlin, Zheng Chunyan, et al. Spatial Reasoning and Progressive Cartographic Generalization[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2007(郭庆胜, 黄远林, 郑春燕, 等. 空间推理与渐进式地图综合[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2007)
[25] Jiang Bin, Zhao Sijian, Yin Junjun. Self-Organized Natural Roads for Predicting Traffic Flow: A Sensitivity Study [J]. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2008:P07008
[26] Stoter J, Burghardt D, Duchêne C, et al. Methodo-logy for Evaluating Automated Map Generalization in Commercial Software [J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2009, 33(5):311-324
[27] Diakoulaki D, Mavrotas G, Papayannakis L. Determining Objective Weights in Multiple Criteria Problems: The CRITIC Method[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 1995, 22(7):763-770
[28] Luan Xuechen, Yang Bisheng, Zhang Yunfei. Structural Hierarchy Analysis of Streets Based on Complex Network Theory[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012, 37(6): 728-732(栾学晨, 杨必胜, 张云菲. 城市道路复杂网络结构化等级分析[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2012, 37(6): 728-732)
[2] He Zongyi. Elements and Methods of Model for Cartographical Data Processsing[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2004(何宗宜. 地图数据处理模型的原理与方法[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2004)
[3] Peng Wanning, Muller J C. A Dynamic Decision Tree Structure Supporting Urban Road Network Automated Generalization [J]. The Cartographic Journal, 1996, 33(1): 5-10
[4] Edwardes A J, Mackaness W A. Intelligent Genera-lization of Urban Road Networks[C]. Proceedings of GIS Research UK Conference, New York,USA,2000
[5] Deng Hongyan, Wu Fang, Wang Huilian, et a1. A Generalization of Road Networks Based on Topological Similarity[J]. Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology,2008,25(3):183-187(邓红艳, 武芳, 王辉连,等. 基于拓扑相似性的道路网综合模型[J]. 测绘科学技术学报, 2008, 25(3):183-187)
[6] Chen Jun, Hu Yungang, Li Zhilin, et al. Selective Omission of Road Features Based on Mesh Density for Automatic Map Generalization [J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2009, 23(8): 1 034-1 037
[7] Touya G. A Road Network Selection Process Based on Data Enrichment and Structure Detection[J]. Transactions in GIS, 2010, 14(5):595-614
[8] Mackaness W A. Analysis of Urban Road Networks to Support Cartographic Generalization [J]. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 1995, 22(4): 306-316
[9] Jiang Bin, Claramunt C. A Structural Approach to the Model Generalization of Urban Street Network [J]. GeoInformatica, 2004, 8(2): 157-173
[10] Jiang Bin, Harrie L. Selection of Streets from a Network Using Self-Organizing Maps [J]. Transactions in GIS, 2004, 8(3): 335-350
[11] Liu Xingjian, Zhan Feibing, Ai Tinghua. Road Selection Based on Voronoi Diagrams and “Strokes” in Map Generalization [J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2010, 12: S194-S202
[12] Thomson R C, Richardson D E. The “Good Continuation” Principle of Perceptual Organization Applied to the Generalization of Road Networks [C]. Proceedings of 19th International Cartographic Conference, Ottawa, Canada,1999
[13] Zhang Qingnian. Road Network Generalization Based on Connection Analysis [C]. Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Leicester, UK, 2004
[14] Tomko M, Winter S, Claramunt C. Experiential hierarchies of Streets [J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2008, 32 (1):41-52
[15] Yang Bisheng, Luan Xuechen, LI Qingquan. Gene-rating Hierarchical Strokes from Urban Street Networks Based on Spatial Pattern Recognition[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2011, 25(12): 2 025-2 050
[16] Xu Zhu, Liu Caifeng, Zhang Hong, et al. Road Selection Based on Evaluation of Stroke Network Functionality[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2012, 41(5):769-776(徐柱, 刘彩凤, 张红,等. 基于路划网络功能评价的道路选取方法 [J]. 测绘学报, 2012, 41(5): 769-776)
[17] Richardson D E, Thomson R C. Integrating Thematic, Geometric, and Topologic Information in the Generalization of Road Networks [J]. Cartographica, 1996, 33(1): 75-83
[18] Deng Hongyan, Wu Fang, Zhai Renjian, et al. A Generalization Model of Road Networks Based on Genetic Algorithm[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2006, 31(2): 164-167(邓红艳, 武芳, 翟仁健,等. 基于遗传算法的道路网综合模型[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2006, 31(2): 164-167)
[19] Li Zhilin, Zhou Qi. Integration of Linear and Areal Hierarchies for Continuous Multi-scale Representation of Road Networks [J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2012,26(5): 855-880
[20] Benz S, Weibel R. Road Network Selection for Medium Scales Using an Extended Stroke-mesh Combination Algorithm [J]. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 2014, 43(4):323-339
[21] Li Zhilin, Choi Yuenhang. Topographic Map Gene-ralization: Association of Road Elimination with Thematic Attributes [J]. The Cartographic Journal, 2002, 39(2): 153-166
[22] Zhou Qi, Li Zhilin. Evaluation of Properties to Determine the Importance of Individual Roads for Map Generalization[C]// Ruas A. Advance in Cartography and GIScience, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011: 459-475
[23] Zhou Qi, Li Zhilin. A Comparative Study of Various Strategies to Concatenate Road Segment into Strokes for Map Generalization [J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2012, 26(4): 691-715
[24] Guo Qingsheng,Huang Yuanlin, Zheng Chunyan, et al. Spatial Reasoning and Progressive Cartographic Generalization[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2007(郭庆胜, 黄远林, 郑春燕, 等. 空间推理与渐进式地图综合[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2007)
[25] Jiang Bin, Zhao Sijian, Yin Junjun. Self-Organized Natural Roads for Predicting Traffic Flow: A Sensitivity Study [J]. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2008:P07008
[26] Stoter J, Burghardt D, Duchêne C, et al. Methodo-logy for Evaluating Automated Map Generalization in Commercial Software [J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2009, 33(5):311-324
[27] Diakoulaki D, Mavrotas G, Papayannakis L. Determining Objective Weights in Multiple Criteria Problems: The CRITIC Method[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 1995, 22(7):763-770
[28] Luan Xuechen, Yang Bisheng, Zhang Yunfei. Structural Hierarchy Analysis of Streets Based on Complex Network Theory[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012, 37(6): 728-732(栾学晨, 杨必胜, 张云菲. 城市道路复杂网络结构化等级分析[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2012, 37(6): 728-732)