基于可靠性的田间作业机械最小成本规划配置
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摘要
数学规划法是农业田间作业机械配备理论中的重要组成部分,内涵比较成熟,已经在国内外实际生产中广泛应用。但是传统的规划方法亦有不足,首先是已有的规划模型在考察农机可作业概率时往往只关注气候因素,而忽略了机械本身的可靠性因素;其次,在成本核算时没有考虑年度报废更新带来的影响。为此,依据农业机械化作业服务视角,考虑了日常农机使用管理活动中故障发生、维修与报废更新的实际情况,以农机最小服务成本为目标函数,以每日各类农机分配使用量为变量参数,应用规划模型给出了一种田间作业机械优化配置理论方法。最后,使用LINGO11编写了算例和程序对所提模型进行了验证,结果符合规划预期,证实了模型的可行性。
Mathematical programming is an important part of farming-machines-distributing theory,and has been widely applied into actual productivities owing to its mature development. However traditional programming methods also have their defects. Firstly previous programming models only considered climate factors when calculating the probability of field work in spite of mechanical failures. Secondly scrap and renewal are not concerned in annual cost accounting. From the viewpoint of agricultural machinery service,this paper puts forward an optimal distributing method for field operation based on programming theory,considering daily reality in breakdown and reparability management. Part one includes all the affecting factors and hypotheses required before building this model. Part two defines symbols used in latter formulas.Part three is the most important work that explains how to calculate time cost under different kinds of failures. After restrictions are given in part four,part five synthesizes divided cost accountings to form an objective function. Minimized cost is made as the objective function with variables being the numbers of each machine type in each day. This paper takes scrap and renewal into consideration when calculating annual cost. At last this paper gives an example and solves it by programming in Lingo 11. The results prove that the model proposed in this paper is feasible.
Mathematical programming is an important part of farming-machines-distributing theory,and has been widely applied into actual productivities owing to its mature development. However traditional programming methods also have their defects. Firstly previous programming models only considered climate factors when calculating the probability of field work in spite of mechanical failures. Secondly scrap and renewal are not concerned in annual cost accounting. From the viewpoint of agricultural machinery service,this paper puts forward an optimal distributing method for field operation based on programming theory,considering daily reality in breakdown and reparability management. Part one includes all the affecting factors and hypotheses required before building this model. Part two defines symbols used in latter formulas.Part three is the most important work that explains how to calculate time cost under different kinds of failures. After restrictions are given in part four,part five synthesizes divided cost accountings to form an objective function. Minimized cost is made as the objective function with variables being the numbers of each machine type in each day. This paper takes scrap and renewal into consideration when calculating annual cost. At last this paper gives an example and solves it by programming in Lingo 11. The results prove that the model proposed in this paper is feasible.
引文
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[3]Sahu R K,Raheman H.A decision support system on matching and field performance prediction of tractor-implement system[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2008,60(1):76-86.
[4]杨芬芬.基于Delphi的农业机械配备决策支持系统的研究与开发[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[5]高洪伟,何瑞银.稻麦收获机械选型决策支持系统的开发[J].农机化研究,2011,33(10):232-235.
[6]朱亚东.黄海农场农业机器选型与配备的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.
[7]张威,曹卫彬,李卫敏,等.新疆兵团农场农机具配备的数学建模与优化研究[J].农机化研究,2014,36(6):70-72.
[8]陈聪,曹光乔,潘迪.农业机械系统优化配备研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013(35):166-169.
[9]王奕娇.农业机器折旧决策支持系统的研究与设计[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[10]李宝筏,张东兴.农业装备系统优化[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2005.