美国海军舰载机飞行员心理选拔对我国海军的启示
|
摘要
随着我国海军航母的入役,海军需要培养大批舰载机飞行员。探索舰载机飞行员心理选拔的有效措施,有助于培养更多合格的舰载机飞行员。然而我国海军舰载机飞行员心理选拔工作起步较晚且基础薄弱,还没有形成一套完善的心理选拔系统。美国作为舰载机飞行员规模最大和最早开始探索构建舰载机飞行员心理选拔系统的国家,在这方面发展较为成熟,而且积累了大量的失败教训和丰富的成功经验,可以为我国海军改进和完善舰载机飞行员心理选拔系统提供启示。本文综述了美国和我国海军舰载机飞行员心理选拔系统,以及我国海军现行的舰载机飞行员心理选拔系统可以从中获得的启示。
A large number of carrier aircraft pilots is necessary for Chinese navy with the enlist of our naval aircraft carrier. To explore the effective measures for psychological selection of carrier aircraft pilots is helpful to train more qualified pilots.However, due to the late beginning of the psychological selection of our naval aircraft pilots and the weakness of it's foundation,a thorough psychological selection system has not been formed. With the largest number of carrier aircraft pilots, the United States is the first country to explore the establishment of a psychological selection system for carrier aircraft pilots. For the moment, it has developed more mature than any other psychological selection system. During the developing course, US navy has accumulated substantial precious lessons and experiences, which can provide enlightenment for our navy to improve and optimize the carrier aircraft pilots psychological selection system. This paper summarizes the psychological selection system of carrier aircraft pilots in the United States Navy and it's inspiration for our navy's present psychological selection system for carrier aircraft pilots.
A large number of carrier aircraft pilots is necessary for Chinese navy with the enlist of our naval aircraft carrier. To explore the effective measures for psychological selection of carrier aircraft pilots is helpful to train more qualified pilots.However, due to the late beginning of the psychological selection of our naval aircraft pilots and the weakness of it's foundation,a thorough psychological selection system has not been formed. With the largest number of carrier aircraft pilots, the United States is the first country to explore the establishment of a psychological selection system for carrier aircraft pilots. For the moment, it has developed more mature than any other psychological selection system. During the developing course, US navy has accumulated substantial precious lessons and experiences, which can provide enlightenment for our navy to improve and optimize the carrier aircraft pilots psychological selection system. This paper summarizes the psychological selection system of carrier aircraft pilots in the United States Navy and it's inspiration for our navy's present psychological selection system for carrier aircraft pilots.
引文
[1]王亮,王世理.积极推进舰载机飞行员培养[J].政工学刊,2018(7):46-47.
[2]李旭霞,王松俊.海军舰载机飞行员的心理评估和选拔借鉴研究[J].中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志,2017,24(4):264-267.
[3]孟豫,李海燕,罗渝川.中国民航飞行员心理选拔的现状与建议[J].科技创新导报,2015(19):247.
[4]刘鹏年.舰载航空医学专题知识服务模式研究[D].北京:中国人民解放军军事医学科学院,2016:1-7.
[5]张凌,王学娟,邹志康,等.外军飞行人员心理品质选拔的研究进展[J].军医进修学院学报,2012(12):1253-1256.
[6]PAULIN C,KATZ LC,KENNETH T,et al. Review of Aviator selection[R/OL].(2006-07-16)[2018-11-23].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235013392.
[7]CARRETTA TR,TEACHOUT MS,REE MJ,et al. Consistency of the Relations of Cognitive Ability and Personality Traits to Pilot Training Performance[J].Int J Aviat Psychol,2014,24(4):247-264.
[8]张凌,邹志康,马中立.外军飞行人员选拔技术与方法的研究进展[J].中华航空航天医学杂志,2013,24(3):233-240.
[9]邹志康,张凌,刘庆元,等.中美空军飞行学员医学选拔标准差异分析[J].军事医学,2016,40(1):7-11.
[10]O'HAGAN AD,ISSARTEL J,FLETCHER R,et al. Duty hours and incidents in flight among commercial airline pilots[J].Int J Occup Saf Ergon,2016,22(2):8.
[11]ARNOLD RD,PHILLIPS JB. Causes of Student Attrition in US Naval Aviation Training:A Five Year Review from FY 2003 to FY 2007[R/OL].(2008-08-11)[2018-11-23].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235116487.
[12]李旭霞,王松俊,苏文娜等.美国海军飞行员心理评估和选拔[J].人民军医,2015,58(6):629-630,642.
[13]魏岳江.国外航母飞行员培训途径[J].他山之石,2016(4):89-91.
[14]景晓路,刘芳,吴斌,等.航天员胜任特征分析与比较研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2007,20(5):317-322.
[15]武国城.中国空军飞行员心理选拔研究概况[J].民航医学,2005,15(1):8-10.
[16]杨业兵,李呜皋,韩磊,等.飞行相关岗位心理选拔对我军舰载机飞行员心理选拔的启示[J].空军医学杂志,2016,32(5):306-308.
[17]游旭群,姬鸣,杨仕云.民航飞行员心理选拔现状分析[J].中华航空航天医学杂志,2014,25(4):308-312.
[18]王志昌.海员心理健康与职业适应性的关系[J].当代教研论丛,2016,24(4):124-125.
[19]MCCLELLAN SF,BERNSTEIN S. The role of aeronautical adaptability in the disqualification of a military flyer[J]. Aviat Space Envir Md,2006,77(11):1188-1192.
[20]惠铎铎,李晓京,治洪,等.心理运动能力测评系统的开发应用[J].计算机技术与发展,2014,24(12):180-182.
[21]魏焕成.心理运动能力在民航飞行员选拔中的应用研究[D].西安:第四军医大学,2013:11-12.
[22] MOMEN N. The effects of alternative input devices and repeated exposures on the Test of Basic Aviation Skills(TBAS)performance[J].Mil Med,2009,174(12):1282.
[23]OSTOIN SD. An Assessment of the performance-based measurement battery(PBMB),the navy's psychomotor supplement to the aviation selection test battery(ASTB)[D]. Monterey:US Naval Postgraduate School,2007:1-4.
[24]唐孟军,胡文东,马进,等.应激条件下飞行能力评估及在飞行员选拔中的应用研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2017,30(6):396-400.
[25]张梅,廖江群,彭凯平,等.心理紧张度和心理韧性对飞行员工作绩效的影响———以通用航空飞行员为例[J].上海大学学报(社会科学版),2017,34(2):134-140.
[2]李旭霞,王松俊.海军舰载机飞行员的心理评估和选拔借鉴研究[J].中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志,2017,24(4):264-267.
[3]孟豫,李海燕,罗渝川.中国民航飞行员心理选拔的现状与建议[J].科技创新导报,2015(19):247.
[4]刘鹏年.舰载航空医学专题知识服务模式研究[D].北京:中国人民解放军军事医学科学院,2016:1-7.
[5]张凌,王学娟,邹志康,等.外军飞行人员心理品质选拔的研究进展[J].军医进修学院学报,2012(12):1253-1256.
[6]PAULIN C,KATZ LC,KENNETH T,et al. Review of Aviator selection[R/OL].(2006-07-16)[2018-11-23].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235013392.
[7]CARRETTA TR,TEACHOUT MS,REE MJ,et al. Consistency of the Relations of Cognitive Ability and Personality Traits to Pilot Training Performance[J].Int J Aviat Psychol,2014,24(4):247-264.
[8]张凌,邹志康,马中立.外军飞行人员选拔技术与方法的研究进展[J].中华航空航天医学杂志,2013,24(3):233-240.
[9]邹志康,张凌,刘庆元,等.中美空军飞行学员医学选拔标准差异分析[J].军事医学,2016,40(1):7-11.
[10]O'HAGAN AD,ISSARTEL J,FLETCHER R,et al. Duty hours and incidents in flight among commercial airline pilots[J].Int J Occup Saf Ergon,2016,22(2):8.
[11]ARNOLD RD,PHILLIPS JB. Causes of Student Attrition in US Naval Aviation Training:A Five Year Review from FY 2003 to FY 2007[R/OL].(2008-08-11)[2018-11-23].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235116487.
[12]李旭霞,王松俊,苏文娜等.美国海军飞行员心理评估和选拔[J].人民军医,2015,58(6):629-630,642.
[13]魏岳江.国外航母飞行员培训途径[J].他山之石,2016(4):89-91.
[14]景晓路,刘芳,吴斌,等.航天员胜任特征分析与比较研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2007,20(5):317-322.
[15]武国城.中国空军飞行员心理选拔研究概况[J].民航医学,2005,15(1):8-10.
[16]杨业兵,李呜皋,韩磊,等.飞行相关岗位心理选拔对我军舰载机飞行员心理选拔的启示[J].空军医学杂志,2016,32(5):306-308.
[17]游旭群,姬鸣,杨仕云.民航飞行员心理选拔现状分析[J].中华航空航天医学杂志,2014,25(4):308-312.
[18]王志昌.海员心理健康与职业适应性的关系[J].当代教研论丛,2016,24(4):124-125.
[19]MCCLELLAN SF,BERNSTEIN S. The role of aeronautical adaptability in the disqualification of a military flyer[J]. Aviat Space Envir Md,2006,77(11):1188-1192.
[20]惠铎铎,李晓京,治洪,等.心理运动能力测评系统的开发应用[J].计算机技术与发展,2014,24(12):180-182.
[21]魏焕成.心理运动能力在民航飞行员选拔中的应用研究[D].西安:第四军医大学,2013:11-12.
[22] MOMEN N. The effects of alternative input devices and repeated exposures on the Test of Basic Aviation Skills(TBAS)performance[J].Mil Med,2009,174(12):1282.
[23]OSTOIN SD. An Assessment of the performance-based measurement battery(PBMB),the navy's psychomotor supplement to the aviation selection test battery(ASTB)[D]. Monterey:US Naval Postgraduate School,2007:1-4.
[24]唐孟军,胡文东,马进,等.应激条件下飞行能力评估及在飞行员选拔中的应用研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2017,30(6):396-400.
[25]张梅,廖江群,彭凯平,等.心理紧张度和心理韧性对飞行员工作绩效的影响———以通用航空飞行员为例[J].上海大学学报(社会科学版),2017,34(2):134-140.