测控中的近地轨道卫星SEL事件分析及操控
|
摘要
针对空间辐射环境影响下近地卫星某器件单粒子锁定(SEL)事件频发现象,在分析卫星轨道根数演变的基础上,详细讨论SEL事件时空分布特征。结果表明,SEL事件的星下点分布具有明显地域特征,其在南大西洋区域、南北两极区域、其他区域的比例接近于3∶2∶1;器件SEL事件平均发生率略高于0.134 d~(-1),太阳活动较强时的发生率不足0.103 d-1,而太阳活动较弱时则接近0.165 d~(-1);近日点附近时的发生率达到0.200 d~(-1),远日点附近时约为0.072 d~(-1)。在测控中,针对SEL事件进行遥控作业自动识别与处理,操控时长平均为130 s。
The single event latch-ups were frequently recorded in devices onboard a near Earth satellite. The temporal and spacial distributions of the SELs is investigated in this paper by analyzing the variation of the satellite's orbital elements including the semi major axis, the inclination, the local time of the descending node,and the solar incidence. Details of the space and time characteristics are discussed. For mitigating the SEL effects, an operation method in TT&C(Telemetry, Tracking and Command) is presented by programming a telecontrol schedule run in automation. It is shown that the SEL geographic location has a clear distribution with the proportion of 3:2:1 according to the South Atlantic Anomaly area, the two polar regions, and other places,respectively. The average SEL occurrence rate of the device SEL is above 0.134 d~(-1) in the whole orbiting time.For a longer time span, when the sun is active, the rate is lower than 0.103 d~(-1) in the solar maximum, and is about0.165 d~(-1) in the solar minimum. In an annual phase, the SEL occurrence rate reaches its peak value of 0.200 d~(-1) in December when the Earth goes near the perigee and the sun has a greater influence; this rate drops to0.072 d~(-1) in July when the Earth moves close to the apogee and the sun has a smaller influence. The operation response to SELs in the TT&C relies on the automatic running of a cognitive telecontrol program with an average span of 130 s.
The single event latch-ups were frequently recorded in devices onboard a near Earth satellite. The temporal and spacial distributions of the SELs is investigated in this paper by analyzing the variation of the satellite's orbital elements including the semi major axis, the inclination, the local time of the descending node,and the solar incidence. Details of the space and time characteristics are discussed. For mitigating the SEL effects, an operation method in TT&C(Telemetry, Tracking and Command) is presented by programming a telecontrol schedule run in automation. It is shown that the SEL geographic location has a clear distribution with the proportion of 3:2:1 according to the South Atlantic Anomaly area, the two polar regions, and other places,respectively. The average SEL occurrence rate of the device SEL is above 0.134 d~(-1) in the whole orbiting time.For a longer time span, when the sun is active, the rate is lower than 0.103 d~(-1) in the solar maximum, and is about0.165 d~(-1) in the solar minimum. In an annual phase, the SEL occurrence rate reaches its peak value of 0.200 d~(-1) in December when the Earth goes near the perigee and the sun has a greater influence; this rate drops to0.072 d~(-1) in July when the Earth moves close to the apogee and the sun has a smaller influence. The operation response to SELs in the TT&C relies on the automatic running of a cognitive telecontrol program with an average span of 130 s.
引文
[1]SELESNICK R S,BAKER D N,KANEKAL S G,et al.Modeling the proton radiation belt with Van Allen probes relativistic electron-proton telescope data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,2018,123(1):685-697
[2]SéBASTIEN B,MICHAEL X.The near-earth space radiation environment[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2008,55(4):1810-1832
[3]KOONTZ K,SUGGS R,ALRED J,et al.The international space station space radiation environment:avionics systems performance in low-Earth orbit single event effects(SEE)environments[C]//48th International Conference on Environmental Systems.Albuquerque,NM,2018.ICES-2018-69:1-18
[4]O'Bryan M,LABEL K,WILCOX E,et al.Compendium of current single event effects results from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program[C]//2017 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop(REDW).New Orleans,LA,2017:48-56
[5]MAESTRONI E,ALBINI G,FORNARELLI D,et al.Upgrade of critical software on the star trackers of CryoSat-2 needs,challenges and lessons learned of a long“on-board software management”story[C]//2018 Space Ops Conference.Marseille,France,2018.AIAA 2018-2321:1-21
[6]秦军瑞,陈书明,陈建军,等.180 nm CMOS工艺下SEL敏感性关键影响因素[J].国防科技大学学报,2011,33(3):72-76QIN J R,CHEN S M,CHEN J J,et al.Key factors of single event latch-up in 180 nm CMOS technologies[J].Journal of National University of Defense Technology,2011,33(3):72-76
[7]陈睿,余永涛,上官士鹏,等.90 nm互补金属氧化物半导体静态随机存储器局部单粒子闩锁传播效应诱发多位翻转的机理[J].物理学报,2014,63(12):128501CHEN R,YU Y T,SHANGGUAN S P,et al.Mechanism of multiple bit upsets induced by localized latch-up effect in 90 nm complementary metal semiconductor static random-access memory[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2014,63(12):128501
[8]KARP J,HART M,MAILLARD P,et al.Single-event latch-up:increased sensitivity from planar to FinFET[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2018,65(1):217-222
[9]SECONDO R,ALIA R,PERONNARD P,et al.Analysis of SEL on commercial SRAM memories and mixed-field characterization of a latchup detection circuit for LEOspace applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2017,64(8):2107-2114
[10]BUSSY-VIRAT C,RIDLEY A,GECHIUS J.Effects of uncertainties in the atmosphric density on the probability of collision between objects[J].Space Weather,2018,16(5):519-537
[11]HEJDUK M,SNOW D.The effect of neutral density estimation errors on satellite conjunction serious event rates[J].Space Weather,2018,16(7):849-869
[12]杨永安,冯祖仁,谭炜,等.太阳同步卫星降交点地方时漂移控制策略的研究[J].控制与决策,2008,23(6):693-696YANG Y A,FENG Z R,TAN W,et al.Study of shift control strategy for local time of descending node based on sun-synchronous satellite[J].Control and Decision,2008,23(6):693-696
[13]张国云,蔡立峰,黄晓峰,等.近圆太阳同步卫星轨道倾角偏差的影响和调整[J].上海航天,2014,31(2):37-41ZHANG G Y,CAI L F,HUANG X F,et al.Impact analysis and adjustment of nearly round sun-synchronous orbit satellite injection inclination deviation[J].Aerospace Shanghai,2014,31(2):37-41
[14]JALABERT E,MERCIER F.Analysis of south atlantic anomaly perturbations on sentinel-3A ultra stable oscillator impact on DORIS phase measurement and DORIS station positioning[J].Advances in Space Research,2018,62(1):174-190
[15]张晓芳,刘松涛,吴耀平.影响卫星故障的空间天气分析[J].空间科学学报,2015,35(4):461-472ZHANG X F,LIU S T,WU Y P.Statistical analysis of space weather effects on satellites anomalies[J].Chinese Space Science and Technology,2015,35(4):461-472
[16]TRIBBLE A.The space environment:implications for spacecraft design[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1995:102-160
[17]VICHARE G,BHASKAR A,DATAR G,et al.Equatorial secondary cosmic ray observatory to study space weather and terrestrial events[J].Advances in Space Research,2018,61(10):2555-2568
[18]PESNELL W,SCHATTEN K.An early prediction of the amplitude of solar cycle 25[J].Solar Physics,2018,293(7):112
[19]袁斌,张珅毅,张斌全,等.空间粒子辐射LET谱的中低轨道卫星实测结果及误差分析[J].原子能科学技术,2018,52(2):334-339YUAN B,ZHANG S Y,ZHANG B Q,et al.Analysis of space particle radiation LET spectra detecting result in MEO/LEO and its error[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2018,52(2):334-339
[20]WILKINSON D,DAUGHTRIDGE S,STONE J,et al.TDRS-1 single event upsets and the effect of the space environment[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,1991,38(6):1708-1712
[21]CECCHETTO M,ALIA R,GERARDIN S,et al.Impact of thermal and intermediate energy neutrons on SRAMSEE rates in the LHC accelerator[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2018,65(8):1800-1806
[22]杨永安,余培军,陈建平,等.基于SCL的航天器遥控操作平台设计与实现[J].宇航学报,2006,27(3):438-441YANG Y A,YU P J,CHEN J P,et al.Design and realization of telecommand operation platform based in spacecraft control language[J].Journal of Astronautics,2006,27(3):438-441
[23]杨永安,余培军,冯祖仁,等.一种基于航天器控制语言的遥控作业操作模式设计[J].飞行器测控学报,2007,26(6):14-17YANG Y A,YU P J,FENG Z R,et al.Design of telecommand job operation mode based on spacecraft control language[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&CTechnology,2007,26(6):14-17
[24]何耀强,杨仁宝,张武光.航天器控制高级语言的设计与实现[J].飞行器测控学报,2012,31(3):62-65HE Y Q,YANG R B,ZHANG W G.Design and implementation of high-level language for spacecraft control[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2012,31(3):62-65
[25]李景超,张国云,洪涛,等.基于SCL的低轨卫星自动化上行遥控方法[J].飞行器测控学报,2014,33(5):469-474LI J C,ZHANG G Y,HONG T,et a1.Automated telecommand method for LEO spacecraft based on SCLlanguage[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2014,33(5):469-474
[26]CARLTON A,MORGAN R,LOHMEYER W,et al.Telemetry fault-detection algorithm:application for spacecraft monitoring and space environment sensing[J].Journal of Aerospace Information Systems,2018,15(5):239-252
[2]SéBASTIEN B,MICHAEL X.The near-earth space radiation environment[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2008,55(4):1810-1832
[3]KOONTZ K,SUGGS R,ALRED J,et al.The international space station space radiation environment:avionics systems performance in low-Earth orbit single event effects(SEE)environments[C]//48th International Conference on Environmental Systems.Albuquerque,NM,2018.ICES-2018-69:1-18
[4]O'Bryan M,LABEL K,WILCOX E,et al.Compendium of current single event effects results from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program[C]//2017 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop(REDW).New Orleans,LA,2017:48-56
[5]MAESTRONI E,ALBINI G,FORNARELLI D,et al.Upgrade of critical software on the star trackers of CryoSat-2 needs,challenges and lessons learned of a long“on-board software management”story[C]//2018 Space Ops Conference.Marseille,France,2018.AIAA 2018-2321:1-21
[6]秦军瑞,陈书明,陈建军,等.180 nm CMOS工艺下SEL敏感性关键影响因素[J].国防科技大学学报,2011,33(3):72-76QIN J R,CHEN S M,CHEN J J,et al.Key factors of single event latch-up in 180 nm CMOS technologies[J].Journal of National University of Defense Technology,2011,33(3):72-76
[7]陈睿,余永涛,上官士鹏,等.90 nm互补金属氧化物半导体静态随机存储器局部单粒子闩锁传播效应诱发多位翻转的机理[J].物理学报,2014,63(12):128501CHEN R,YU Y T,SHANGGUAN S P,et al.Mechanism of multiple bit upsets induced by localized latch-up effect in 90 nm complementary metal semiconductor static random-access memory[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2014,63(12):128501
[8]KARP J,HART M,MAILLARD P,et al.Single-event latch-up:increased sensitivity from planar to FinFET[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2018,65(1):217-222
[9]SECONDO R,ALIA R,PERONNARD P,et al.Analysis of SEL on commercial SRAM memories and mixed-field characterization of a latchup detection circuit for LEOspace applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2017,64(8):2107-2114
[10]BUSSY-VIRAT C,RIDLEY A,GECHIUS J.Effects of uncertainties in the atmosphric density on the probability of collision between objects[J].Space Weather,2018,16(5):519-537
[11]HEJDUK M,SNOW D.The effect of neutral density estimation errors on satellite conjunction serious event rates[J].Space Weather,2018,16(7):849-869
[12]杨永安,冯祖仁,谭炜,等.太阳同步卫星降交点地方时漂移控制策略的研究[J].控制与决策,2008,23(6):693-696YANG Y A,FENG Z R,TAN W,et al.Study of shift control strategy for local time of descending node based on sun-synchronous satellite[J].Control and Decision,2008,23(6):693-696
[13]张国云,蔡立峰,黄晓峰,等.近圆太阳同步卫星轨道倾角偏差的影响和调整[J].上海航天,2014,31(2):37-41ZHANG G Y,CAI L F,HUANG X F,et al.Impact analysis and adjustment of nearly round sun-synchronous orbit satellite injection inclination deviation[J].Aerospace Shanghai,2014,31(2):37-41
[14]JALABERT E,MERCIER F.Analysis of south atlantic anomaly perturbations on sentinel-3A ultra stable oscillator impact on DORIS phase measurement and DORIS station positioning[J].Advances in Space Research,2018,62(1):174-190
[15]张晓芳,刘松涛,吴耀平.影响卫星故障的空间天气分析[J].空间科学学报,2015,35(4):461-472ZHANG X F,LIU S T,WU Y P.Statistical analysis of space weather effects on satellites anomalies[J].Chinese Space Science and Technology,2015,35(4):461-472
[16]TRIBBLE A.The space environment:implications for spacecraft design[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1995:102-160
[17]VICHARE G,BHASKAR A,DATAR G,et al.Equatorial secondary cosmic ray observatory to study space weather and terrestrial events[J].Advances in Space Research,2018,61(10):2555-2568
[18]PESNELL W,SCHATTEN K.An early prediction of the amplitude of solar cycle 25[J].Solar Physics,2018,293(7):112
[19]袁斌,张珅毅,张斌全,等.空间粒子辐射LET谱的中低轨道卫星实测结果及误差分析[J].原子能科学技术,2018,52(2):334-339YUAN B,ZHANG S Y,ZHANG B Q,et al.Analysis of space particle radiation LET spectra detecting result in MEO/LEO and its error[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2018,52(2):334-339
[20]WILKINSON D,DAUGHTRIDGE S,STONE J,et al.TDRS-1 single event upsets and the effect of the space environment[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,1991,38(6):1708-1712
[21]CECCHETTO M,ALIA R,GERARDIN S,et al.Impact of thermal and intermediate energy neutrons on SRAMSEE rates in the LHC accelerator[J].IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2018,65(8):1800-1806
[22]杨永安,余培军,陈建平,等.基于SCL的航天器遥控操作平台设计与实现[J].宇航学报,2006,27(3):438-441YANG Y A,YU P J,CHEN J P,et al.Design and realization of telecommand operation platform based in spacecraft control language[J].Journal of Astronautics,2006,27(3):438-441
[23]杨永安,余培军,冯祖仁,等.一种基于航天器控制语言的遥控作业操作模式设计[J].飞行器测控学报,2007,26(6):14-17YANG Y A,YU P J,FENG Z R,et al.Design of telecommand job operation mode based on spacecraft control language[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&CTechnology,2007,26(6):14-17
[24]何耀强,杨仁宝,张武光.航天器控制高级语言的设计与实现[J].飞行器测控学报,2012,31(3):62-65HE Y Q,YANG R B,ZHANG W G.Design and implementation of high-level language for spacecraft control[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2012,31(3):62-65
[25]李景超,张国云,洪涛,等.基于SCL的低轨卫星自动化上行遥控方法[J].飞行器测控学报,2014,33(5):469-474LI J C,ZHANG G Y,HONG T,et a1.Automated telecommand method for LEO spacecraft based on SCLlanguage[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2014,33(5):469-474
[26]CARLTON A,MORGAN R,LOHMEYER W,et al.Telemetry fault-detection algorithm:application for spacecraft monitoring and space environment sensing[J].Journal of Aerospace Information Systems,2018,15(5):239-252