公交客车分区域站立密度分布特征
|
摘要
为分析公交客车车厢内站立密度分布的不均匀性,通过调查西安7条线路平峰、高峰的客流量,提出了车厢内站立乘客流的变化特征。基于不同座椅布置模式,分析了不均匀性的起因、分布特征及相互间的关联性,确定了各特征区间内的最大站立密度区域,分析了在乘客选择站立区域的倾向性。结果表明,第一次驻足在B区域和C区域的选择倾向性比重占93.23%;当车厢平均站立密度ρ超过6人/m~2时,"轴距1+1后通道1+1"和"轴距1+1后通道2+2"座椅布置的最大站立密度区域分别是B区域和C区域;选择C区域站立的倾向性比重在车厢内站立密度ρ不超过2人/m~2时降幅明显,当乘客选择倾向性比重降至40%后降幅趋缓。
To analyze inhomogeneity of density distributions in different areas of public buses,characteristics of standing density of passenger flow is studied through a investigation of 7 crowded bus routes in both off-peak hours and peak hours.Based on different layouts of seats,causes of inhomogeneity,distribution characteristics,and correlation within each other are analyzed.The parts have maximum standing density in each feature interval are verified.Tendency of passengers to choose standing areas are analyzed.The results show that,after get on a bus passengers firstly choose to settle down in area B or C,the possibility is 93.23%.When the average standing densityρin a bus exceeds 6 persons per m~2,the maximum of standing density is in area B and C,as the layouts of seats are"1+1 on wheelbase,1+1 on posterior passage"or"1+1 on wheelbase,2+2 on posterior passage".Whenρranges from 0 to 2 persons per meter2,proportion of standing density in area C decreases significantly.When it reaches 40%,the decrease tends to slow down.
To analyze inhomogeneity of density distributions in different areas of public buses,characteristics of standing density of passenger flow is studied through a investigation of 7 crowded bus routes in both off-peak hours and peak hours.Based on different layouts of seats,causes of inhomogeneity,distribution characteristics,and correlation within each other are analyzed.The parts have maximum standing density in each feature interval are verified.Tendency of passengers to choose standing areas are analyzed.The results show that,after get on a bus passengers firstly choose to settle down in area B or C,the possibility is 93.23%.When the average standing densityρin a bus exceeds 6 persons per m~2,the maximum of standing density is in area B and C,as the layouts of seats are"1+1 on wheelbase,1+1 on posterior passage"or"1+1 on wheelbase,2+2 on posterior passage".Whenρranges from 0 to 2 persons per meter2,proportion of standing density in area C decreases significantly.When it reaches 40%,the decrease tends to slow down.
引文
[1]Transportation Research Board.Capacity and quality of service manual[M].2nd ed.Washington,D.C.:Transportation Research Board of the National A-cademies,National Research Council,2003.
[2]全国汽车标准化技术委员会.机动车运行安全技术条件:GB 7258-2012[S].北京:中国标准化出版社,2012.National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization.Safety specifications for power-driven vehicles operating on roads:GB 7258-2012[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[3]吴奇兵,陈峰,高永鑫,等.城市轨道交通车厢立席密度计算模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(4):101-109.WU Qibing,CHEN Feng,GAO Yongxin,et al.Computation model of standing-passenger density in urban rail transit carriage[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2015,15(4):101-109.(in Chinese)
[4]沈景炎.关于车辆定员与拥挤度的探析[J].都市快轨交通,2007,20(5):14-18.SHEN Jingyan.On the carriage passenger capacity and the crowdedness involved[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2007,20(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[5]赵亮.城市轨道交通立席密度研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.ZHAO Liang.Study on density of standing passengers in urban rail transit[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese)
[6]邵敏华,李田野,孙立军.常规公交乘客对车内拥挤感知阻抗调查与建模[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版):2012,40(7):1031-1034.SHAO Minhua,LI Tianye,SUN Lijun.Survey method and model of passengers′cost perception of crowding level in bus[J].Journal of TONGJI University(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(7):1031-1034.(in Chinese)
[7]李田野,邵敏华.考虑舒适性的公交乘客出行时间价值对比[J].交通科学与工程,2011,27(3):82-86.LI Tianye,SHAO Minhua.Comparison of value of public transport time for passengers considering congestion[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2011,27(3):82-86.(in Chinese)
[8]刘旋.短后悬纯电动公交客车的总布置及测试分析研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.LIU Xuan.General arrangement of short rear overhang pure electric bus and test analysis study[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2015.(in Chinese)
[9]全国汽车标准化技术委员会.客车装载质量计算方法:GB/T 12428-2005[S].北京:中国标准化出版社,2005.National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization.Laden mass calculating method for buses:GB/T 12428-2005[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[10]牟振华,陈艳艳,陈举欣,等.基于公交IC卡数据的公交压力指数研究[J].交通信息与安全,2015,33(6):120-125.MU Zhenhua,CHEN Yanyan,CHEN Juxin,et al.A study of zonal transit loading index based on ICcard data[J].Journal of Transportation Information and Safety,2015,33(6):120-125.(in Chinese)
[11]American Public Transportation Association Standards Development Program.Standard bus procurement guidelines RFP(2013)[R].Washington,D.C.:American Public Transportation Association,2013.
[12]International Union of Public Transport.A manufacturer′s view[J].Public Transport International,2005,54(3):52.
[13]中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设部.地铁设计规范:GB 50157-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of the People′s Republic of China.Code for design of metro:GB 50157-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[14]北京市城乡规划标准化办公室.城市轨道交通工程设计规范:DB11/995-201[S].北京:北京市规划委员会,2013.Standardization Office of Urban-rural Planning of Beijing.Code for design of urban transit:DB11/995-2013[S].Beijing:Beijing Municipal Planning Commission,2013.(in Chinese)
[15]林叶倩,李文权,邱丰,等.可变线路式公交车辆调度优化模型[J].交通信息与安全,2012,30(5):14-18.LIN Yeqian,LI Wenquan,QIU Feng,et al.An optimal model for flex-route scheduling problem[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2012,30(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[16]史芮嘉,毛保华,丁勇,等.地铁车厢内乘客站立位置选择行为研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(2):142-148.SHI Ruijia,MAO Baohua,DING Yong,et al.Pedestrian choice behavior analysis of standing position in subway carriage[J].Journal of Transportation System Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(2):142-148.(in Chinese)
[17]ALEJANDO T.Bus dwell time:The effect of different fare collection systems,bus floor level and age of passengers[J].Transportmetrica A:Transport Science,2013,9(1):28-49.
[18]左毅刚,李文权,陈茜,等.公交信息条件下的公交出行意愿研究[J].交通信息与安全,2014,32(2):57-62.ZUO Yigang,LI Wenquan,CHEN Qian,et al.Bus travel willingness under the condition of bus information[J].Journal of Transportation Information and Safety,2014,32(2):57-62.(in Chinese)
[19]MARCO B,CARLOS M J,DIOS O J.Valuing crowding in public transport:implications for costbenefit analysis[J].Transportation Research Part A:Pollicy and Practice,2016,91(9):358-378.
[20]ALEJANDRO T,HENSHER D A,ROSE J M.Multimodal pricing and optimal design of urban public transport:The interplay between traffic congestion and bus crowding[J].Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2014,61(3):33-54.
[2]全国汽车标准化技术委员会.机动车运行安全技术条件:GB 7258-2012[S].北京:中国标准化出版社,2012.National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization.Safety specifications for power-driven vehicles operating on roads:GB 7258-2012[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[3]吴奇兵,陈峰,高永鑫,等.城市轨道交通车厢立席密度计算模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(4):101-109.WU Qibing,CHEN Feng,GAO Yongxin,et al.Computation model of standing-passenger density in urban rail transit carriage[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2015,15(4):101-109.(in Chinese)
[4]沈景炎.关于车辆定员与拥挤度的探析[J].都市快轨交通,2007,20(5):14-18.SHEN Jingyan.On the carriage passenger capacity and the crowdedness involved[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2007,20(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[5]赵亮.城市轨道交通立席密度研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.ZHAO Liang.Study on density of standing passengers in urban rail transit[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese)
[6]邵敏华,李田野,孙立军.常规公交乘客对车内拥挤感知阻抗调查与建模[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版):2012,40(7):1031-1034.SHAO Minhua,LI Tianye,SUN Lijun.Survey method and model of passengers′cost perception of crowding level in bus[J].Journal of TONGJI University(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(7):1031-1034.(in Chinese)
[7]李田野,邵敏华.考虑舒适性的公交乘客出行时间价值对比[J].交通科学与工程,2011,27(3):82-86.LI Tianye,SHAO Minhua.Comparison of value of public transport time for passengers considering congestion[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2011,27(3):82-86.(in Chinese)
[8]刘旋.短后悬纯电动公交客车的总布置及测试分析研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.LIU Xuan.General arrangement of short rear overhang pure electric bus and test analysis study[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2015.(in Chinese)
[9]全国汽车标准化技术委员会.客车装载质量计算方法:GB/T 12428-2005[S].北京:中国标准化出版社,2005.National Technical Committee of Auto Standardization.Laden mass calculating method for buses:GB/T 12428-2005[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[10]牟振华,陈艳艳,陈举欣,等.基于公交IC卡数据的公交压力指数研究[J].交通信息与安全,2015,33(6):120-125.MU Zhenhua,CHEN Yanyan,CHEN Juxin,et al.A study of zonal transit loading index based on ICcard data[J].Journal of Transportation Information and Safety,2015,33(6):120-125.(in Chinese)
[11]American Public Transportation Association Standards Development Program.Standard bus procurement guidelines RFP(2013)[R].Washington,D.C.:American Public Transportation Association,2013.
[12]International Union of Public Transport.A manufacturer′s view[J].Public Transport International,2005,54(3):52.
[13]中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设部.地铁设计规范:GB 50157-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of the People′s Republic of China.Code for design of metro:GB 50157-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[14]北京市城乡规划标准化办公室.城市轨道交通工程设计规范:DB11/995-201[S].北京:北京市规划委员会,2013.Standardization Office of Urban-rural Planning of Beijing.Code for design of urban transit:DB11/995-2013[S].Beijing:Beijing Municipal Planning Commission,2013.(in Chinese)
[15]林叶倩,李文权,邱丰,等.可变线路式公交车辆调度优化模型[J].交通信息与安全,2012,30(5):14-18.LIN Yeqian,LI Wenquan,QIU Feng,et al.An optimal model for flex-route scheduling problem[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2012,30(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[16]史芮嘉,毛保华,丁勇,等.地铁车厢内乘客站立位置选择行为研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(2):142-148.SHI Ruijia,MAO Baohua,DING Yong,et al.Pedestrian choice behavior analysis of standing position in subway carriage[J].Journal of Transportation System Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(2):142-148.(in Chinese)
[17]ALEJANDO T.Bus dwell time:The effect of different fare collection systems,bus floor level and age of passengers[J].Transportmetrica A:Transport Science,2013,9(1):28-49.
[18]左毅刚,李文权,陈茜,等.公交信息条件下的公交出行意愿研究[J].交通信息与安全,2014,32(2):57-62.ZUO Yigang,LI Wenquan,CHEN Qian,et al.Bus travel willingness under the condition of bus information[J].Journal of Transportation Information and Safety,2014,32(2):57-62.(in Chinese)
[19]MARCO B,CARLOS M J,DIOS O J.Valuing crowding in public transport:implications for costbenefit analysis[J].Transportation Research Part A:Pollicy and Practice,2016,91(9):358-378.
[20]ALEJANDRO T,HENSHER D A,ROSE J M.Multimodal pricing and optimal design of urban public transport:The interplay between traffic congestion and bus crowding[J].Transportation Research Part B:Methodological,2014,61(3):33-54.