华南鲤选育品种与地方品种的遗传多样性比较分析
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摘要
华南鲤(Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus)作为优质的地方鲤鱼品种禾花鲤在广东省粤北地区有着悠久的稻田养殖历史。为了解人工养殖和选育对华南鲤群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构的影响,为华南鲤的种质资源保存和育种利用等提供依据,本研究采用16对微卫星引物对华南鲤第5代选育群体(F5)和2个地方品种(乳源群体,乐昌群体)的遗传多样性进行了比较分析。结果显示,在3个群体中,16对微卫星引物均表现为多态性,共扩增得到119个等位基因,每个微卫星座位检测到的等位基因数为3~10个,平均每对引物7.44个。3个群体的平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.636 0、0.698 9和0.775 1,Shannon多样性指数(I)分别为1.206 3、1.402 0和1.612 2,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.570 1、0.645 8和0.720 7,表明3个群体都具有较高的遗传多态性(PIC>0.5000),但地方品种的遗传多样性水平高于选育品种。3个群体各个微卫星位点上的遗传分化指数(Fst)值介于0.044 0~0.246 8,平均值为0.102 8,表明群体间的遗传变异水平中等。群体间遗传分化指数(Fst)配对比较结果显示,选育群体F5与乐昌群体的遗传分化指数值最大(0.182),乳源群体和乐昌群体2个地方群体间则最小(0.058)。实验结果表明,人工选育加快了华南鲤选育品种与地方品种的遗传分化,也导致了选育品种遗传多样性下降,但选育品种遗传多样性水平依然较高,还具有进一步选育的潜力。本研究结果为下一步制定华南鲤新品种选育计划提供基础遗传数据。
The traditional rice-fish coculture system is considered a sustainable form of agriculture that provides rice grain and fish for farmers in the world.Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus,as a high quality local varieties paddy field carp,has been cultured in paddy fields of the north region of Guangdong province with a long history.In order to understand the effect of artificial culture and selective breeding on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of C.carpio rubrofuscus and to provide the study basis for preservation of germplasm resources and utilization,16 microsatellite markers were selected and used to compare the genetic diversity of one generation of selectively bred population(F5) and 2 landraces(Ruyuan population and Lechang population) in C.carpio rubrofuscus in this study.The results showed that all selected primers were polymorphic and 119 alleles were detected from these 3 populations.The number of alleles detected on each locus varied from 3 to 10 with 7.44 alleles per primer pair on an average.In the 3 populations,the average expected heterozygosity(He) were 0.636 0,0.698 9 and 0.775 1;the Shannon's diversity index(I) were 1.2063,1.402 0 and 1.612 2;and the average polymorphism information content(PIC) were 0.570 1,0.645 8 and0.720 7,respectively.It is suggested that the genetic diversity level of all the 3 populations were high(PIC>0.5000),but the level of genetic diversity of the tow landraces was higher than that in F5 generation of selectively bred population.The genetic differentiation index(Fst) among all the locus was 0.102 8 with the value ranged from 0.044 0 to 0.246 8 indicated a moderate level of differentiation in the 3 populations.Pairwise Fst values also indicated that the 3 populations had moderate genetic differentiation with the highest value(0.182) between the selectively bred population(F5) and the Lechang population indicating a greater level of differentiation.While the value between the Ruyuan population and Lechang population was lowest(0.058),indicating a moderate level of differentiation.Among the 3 populations,the genetic distance was 0.205 6~0.622 4 and the genetic identify index was 0.536 6~0.814 2.The selectively bred population(F5) was the furthest with the Lechang population(0.6224) and the Ruyuan population was nearest with the Lechang population in terms of genetic distance(0.2056),while the genetic identity between the selectively bred population(F5) and Lechang population was lowest(0.5366) and the highest between the Ruyuan population and the Lechang population(0.8142).The NJ clustering tree based on the genetic distance by using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic(UPGMA) demonstrated that the 2 landraces(Ruyuan population and Lechang population) clustered together firstly and then clustered with the selectively bred population(F5).This study suggested that the selective breeding work was efficient and the artificial selection has enlarged genetic differentiation between the breeding and landraces populations while decreased the genetic diversity within the breeding populations,but the high genetic diversity and genetic potential were maintained in the breeding population,indicating that there is great potential for future selections of C.carpio rubrofuscus through selective breeding.This study would provide valuable information for genetically breeding in C.carpio rubrofuscus in the future.
The traditional rice-fish coculture system is considered a sustainable form of agriculture that provides rice grain and fish for farmers in the world.Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus,as a high quality local varieties paddy field carp,has been cultured in paddy fields of the north region of Guangdong province with a long history.In order to understand the effect of artificial culture and selective breeding on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of C.carpio rubrofuscus and to provide the study basis for preservation of germplasm resources and utilization,16 microsatellite markers were selected and used to compare the genetic diversity of one generation of selectively bred population(F5) and 2 landraces(Ruyuan population and Lechang population) in C.carpio rubrofuscus in this study.The results showed that all selected primers were polymorphic and 119 alleles were detected from these 3 populations.The number of alleles detected on each locus varied from 3 to 10 with 7.44 alleles per primer pair on an average.In the 3 populations,the average expected heterozygosity(He) were 0.636 0,0.698 9 and 0.775 1;the Shannon's diversity index(I) were 1.2063,1.402 0 and 1.612 2;and the average polymorphism information content(PIC) were 0.570 1,0.645 8 and0.720 7,respectively.It is suggested that the genetic diversity level of all the 3 populations were high(PIC>0.5000),but the level of genetic diversity of the tow landraces was higher than that in F5 generation of selectively bred population.The genetic differentiation index(Fst) among all the locus was 0.102 8 with the value ranged from 0.044 0 to 0.246 8 indicated a moderate level of differentiation in the 3 populations.Pairwise Fst values also indicated that the 3 populations had moderate genetic differentiation with the highest value(0.182) between the selectively bred population(F5) and the Lechang population indicating a greater level of differentiation.While the value between the Ruyuan population and Lechang population was lowest(0.058),indicating a moderate level of differentiation.Among the 3 populations,the genetic distance was 0.205 6~0.622 4 and the genetic identify index was 0.536 6~0.814 2.The selectively bred population(F5) was the furthest with the Lechang population(0.6224) and the Ruyuan population was nearest with the Lechang population in terms of genetic distance(0.2056),while the genetic identity between the selectively bred population(F5) and Lechang population was lowest(0.5366) and the highest between the Ruyuan population and the Lechang population(0.8142).The NJ clustering tree based on the genetic distance by using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic(UPGMA) demonstrated that the 2 landraces(Ruyuan population and Lechang population) clustered together firstly and then clustered with the selectively bred population(F5).This study suggested that the selective breeding work was efficient and the artificial selection has enlarged genetic differentiation between the breeding and landraces populations while decreased the genetic diversity within the breeding populations,but the high genetic diversity and genetic potential were maintained in the breeding population,indicating that there is great potential for future selections of C.carpio rubrofuscus through selective breeding.This study would provide valuable information for genetically breeding in C.carpio rubrofuscus in the future.
引文
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