载波频率不一致且频谱严重交叠干扰下的盲自适应多用户检测试验研究
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摘要
运动水声多用户通信时,干扰用户的载波频率很可能和期望用户的载波频率不再一致。针对运动水声多用户通信载波频率不一致时的多址干扰(MAI)问题,提出了适用于载波频率不一致下的盲自适应多用户检测(BAMUD)算法。利用虚拟用户技术,将期望用户的多途干扰(码间干扰)虚拟成MAI,即将水声多用户通信系统中的信道均衡环节和MAI抑制环节整合成一个环节,简化通信系统结构;利用卡尔曼滤波(KF) BAMUD(KF-BAMUD)算法的MAI抑制特性,即利用了KF在最小均方误差准则下的最优估计特性,抑制载波频率不一致下的虚拟MAI,有效估计出期望用户的传输数据,实现多用户通信。在渤海和渤海结冰期进行了载波频率不一致下的多用户通信试验,良好试验效果验证了所提算法的有效性。
The carrier frequencies of the interfering users may be inconsistent with those of the expected users when mobile multiuser underwater acoustic communications occur. A blind adaptive multiuser detection( BAMUD) algorithm for carrier frequency inconsistency is proposed for the multiple access interference( MAI) problem produced by inconsistent carrier frequencies in mobile multiuser underwater acoustic communications. The multi-path interference( inter-symbol interference) can be viewed as MAI using virtual user technology,that is,the channel equalization link and the MAI suppression link are combined into one link in the multiuser underwater acoustic communication system,simplifying the communication system structure. The MAI suppression characteristic of Kalman filter-based BAMUD( KF-BAMUD) algorithm,that is,the optimal estimation characteristic of KF under the minimum mean square error criterion,is used to suppress the virtual MAI with different carrier frequencies,the transmission data of the expected user is effectively estimated,thus realizing multiuser communication. A series of multi-user communication experiments under inconsistent carrier frequencies were conducted in Bohai Sea and during its ice period,and the good experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The carrier frequencies of the interfering users may be inconsistent with those of the expected users when mobile multiuser underwater acoustic communications occur. A blind adaptive multiuser detection( BAMUD) algorithm for carrier frequency inconsistency is proposed for the multiple access interference( MAI) problem produced by inconsistent carrier frequencies in mobile multiuser underwater acoustic communications. The multi-path interference( inter-symbol interference) can be viewed as MAI using virtual user technology,that is,the channel equalization link and the MAI suppression link are combined into one link in the multiuser underwater acoustic communication system,simplifying the communication system structure. The MAI suppression characteristic of Kalman filter-based BAMUD( KF-BAMUD) algorithm,that is,the optimal estimation characteristic of KF under the minimum mean square error criterion,is used to suppress the virtual MAI with different carrier frequencies,the transmission data of the expected user is effectively estimated,thus realizing multiuser communication. A series of multi-user communication experiments under inconsistent carrier frequencies were conducted in Bohai Sea and during its ice period,and the good experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
引文
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[27] YANG T C. Spatially multiplexed CDMA multiuser underwater a-coustic communications[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineer-ing,2016,41(1):217-231.
[28] YANG G,YIN J W,HUANG D F,et al. A Kalman filter-basedblind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm for underwater a-coustic networks[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2016,16(11):4023-4033.
[29]朱广平,殷敬伟,胡思为,等.北极典型冰下声信道建模及特性[J].声学学报,2017,42(2):152-158.ZHU G P,YIN J W,HU S W,et al. Modeling and characterizingthe typical under-ice acoustic channel for the Arctic[J]. ActaAcustica,2017,42(2):152-158.(in Chinese)
[30] YIN J W,YANG G,HUANG D F,et al. Blind adaptive multi-us-er detection for under-ice acoustic communications with mobileinterfering users[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Ameri-ca,2017,141(1):EL70-EL75.
[31] ZHANG X D,WEI W. Blind adaptive multiuser detection basedon Kalman filtering[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Process-ing,2002,50(1):87-95.
[32] ARABLOUEI R,DOGANCAY K,WERNER S. On the mean-square performance of the constrained LMS algorithm[J]. SignalProcessing,2015,117:192-197.
[33] DE LAMARE R C,DINIZ P S R. Blind adaptive interferencesuppression based on set-membership constrained constant-modu-lus algorithms with dynamic bounds[J]. IEEE Transactions onSignal Processing,2013,61(5):1288-1301.
[2] QARABAQI P,STOJANOVIC M. Statistical characterization andcomputationally efficient modeling of a class of underwater acousticcommunication channels[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineer-ing,2013,38(4):701-717.
[3] STOJANOVIC M,FREITAG L. Multichannel detection for wide-band underwater acoustic CDMA communications[J]. IEEE Jour-nal of Oceanic Engineering,2006,31(3):685-695.
[4] CALVO E,STOJANOVIC M. Efficient channel-estimation-basedmultiuser detection for underwater CDMA systems[J]. IEEEJournal of Oceanic Engineering,2008,33(4):502-512.
[5] YANG T C,YANG W B. Interference suppression for code-divi-sion multiple-access communications in an underwater acousticchannel[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2009,126(1):220-228.
[6] ALIESAWI S A,TSIMENIDIS C C,SHARIF B S,et al. Iterativemultiuser detection for underwater acoustic channels[J]. IEEEJournal of Oceanic Engineering,2011,36(4):728-744.
[7] SONG H C,HODGKISS W S,KUPERMAN W A,et al. Multiusercommunications using passive time reversal[J]. IEEE Journal ofOceanic Engineering,2007,32(4):915-926.
[8] SONG H C,KIM J S,HODGKISS W S,et al. High-rate multiusercommunications in shallow water[J]. Journal of the AcousticalSociety of America,2010,128(5):2920-2925.
[9] SONG H C,KIM J S,HODGKISS W S. Crosstalk mitigation usingadaptive time reversal[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of A-merica,2010,127(2):EL19-EL22.
[10] CHO S E,SONG H C,HODGKISS W S. Successive interferencecancellation for underwater acoustic communications[J]. IEEEJournal of Oceanic Engineering,2011,36(4):490-501.
[11] CHO S E,SONG H C,HODGKISS W S. Multiuser interferencecancellation in time-varying channels[J]. Journal of the Acous-tical Society of America,2012,131(2):EL163-EL169.
[12] CHO S E,SONG H C,HODGKISS W S. Asynchronous multiuserunderwater acoustic communications(L)[J]. Journal of the A-coustical Society of America,2012,132(1):5-8.
[13] SHIMURA T,OCHI H,SONG H C. Experimental demonstrationof multiuser communication in deep water using time reversal[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2013,134(4):3223-3229.
[14] SONG H C. Equivalence of adaptive time reversal and leastsquares for cross talk mitigation[J]. Journal of the AcousticalSociety of America,2014,135(3):EL154-EL158.
[15] TU K,DUMAN T M,STOJANOVIC M,et al. Multiple-resamplingreceiver design for OFDM over Doppler-distorted underwater a-coustic channels[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2013,38(2):333-346.
[16] WANG Z H,ZHOU S L,CATIPOVIC J,et al. Asynchronous mul-tiuser reception for OFDM in underwater acoustic communications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2013,12(3):1050-1061.
[17] HUANG J Z,ZHOU S L,WANG Z H. Performance results of twoiterative receivers for distributed MIMO OFDM with large Dopplerdeviations[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2013,38(2):347-357.
[18] CHO S E,SONG H C,HODGKISS W S. Multiuser acoustic com-munications with mobile users[J]. Journal of the Acoustical So-ciety of America,2013,133(2):880-890.
[19]魏丽萍,陈岩,陈庚,等.一种码分多址水声多用户接收系统[J].声学技术,2010,29(1):9-13.WEI L P,CHEN Y,CHEN G,et al. An underwater acousticmulti-user receiver based on CDMA and space-time filtering andequalization[J]. Technical Acoustics,2010,29(1):9-13.(in Chinese)
[20]韩晶,黄建国,何成兵. DS-CDMA水声通信多用户检测空时自适应均衡算法[J].西北工业大学学报,2010,28(3):398-403.HAN J,HUANG J G,HE C B. Adaptive multiuser detectionspace-time equalization algorithms for DS-CDMA underwater com-munication system[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical U-niversity,2010,28(3):398-403.(in Chinese)
[21]殷敬伟,杨森,杜鹏宇,等.基于单矢量有源平均声强器的码分多址水声通信[J].物理学报,2011,61(6):1-7.YIN J W,YANG S,DU P Y,et al. Code divided multiple accessunderwater acoustic communication based on active acoustic in-tensity average[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2011,61(6):1-7.(in Chinese)
[22] YIN J W,DU P Y,YANG G,et al. Space-division multiple ac-cess for CDMA multiuser underwater acoustic communications[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,2015,26(6):1184-1190.
[23]袁飞,林晓阳,程恩.虚拟时间反转镜啁啾率键控的水声多用户通信[J].声学学报,2015,40(4):529-536.YUAN F,LIN X Y,CHENG E. Virtual time reversal mirror chirprate keying for multi-user underwater acoustic communication[J]. Acta Acoustica,2015,40(4):529-536.(in Chinese)
[24]马璐,刘淞佐,乔钢.水声正交频分多址上行通信稀疏信道估计与导频优化[J].物理学报,2015,64(15):154304.MA L,LIU S Z,QIAO G. Sparse channel estimation and pilot op-timization for underwater acoustic orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access uplink communications[J]. Acta Physica Sini-ca,2015,64(15):154304.(in Chinese)
[25] MA L,ZHOU S L,QIAO G,et al. Superposition coding for down-link underwater acoustic OFDM[J]. IEEE Journal of OceanicEngineering,2017,42(1):175-187.
[26] BAEK C U,JUNG J W,DO D W. Study on the structure of an ef-ficient receiver for covert underwater communication using directsequence spread spectrum[J]. Applied Sciences,2018,8(1):1-10.
[27] YANG T C. Spatially multiplexed CDMA multiuser underwater a-coustic communications[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineer-ing,2016,41(1):217-231.
[28] YANG G,YIN J W,HUANG D F,et al. A Kalman filter-basedblind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm for underwater a-coustic networks[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2016,16(11):4023-4033.
[29]朱广平,殷敬伟,胡思为,等.北极典型冰下声信道建模及特性[J].声学学报,2017,42(2):152-158.ZHU G P,YIN J W,HU S W,et al. Modeling and characterizingthe typical under-ice acoustic channel for the Arctic[J]. ActaAcustica,2017,42(2):152-158.(in Chinese)
[30] YIN J W,YANG G,HUANG D F,et al. Blind adaptive multi-us-er detection for under-ice acoustic communications with mobileinterfering users[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Ameri-ca,2017,141(1):EL70-EL75.
[31] ZHANG X D,WEI W. Blind adaptive multiuser detection basedon Kalman filtering[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Process-ing,2002,50(1):87-95.
[32] ARABLOUEI R,DOGANCAY K,WERNER S. On the mean-square performance of the constrained LMS algorithm[J]. SignalProcessing,2015,117:192-197.
[33] DE LAMARE R C,DINIZ P S R. Blind adaptive interferencesuppression based on set-membership constrained constant-modu-lus algorithms with dynamic bounds[J]. IEEE Transactions onSignal Processing,2013,61(5):1288-1301.