一种低信噪比资料的井约束速度谱拾取方法
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摘要
针对低信噪比地区的地震资料质量差,速度拾取困难等问题,提出用声波测井速度约束速度谱拾取的方法。采用厚度加权法提取声波低频速度,用线性预测方法对低频速度进行浅层补偿和向下延伸,获得声波测井浅层和深层的速度信息。通过合成记录层位标定获取时深关系,进而求取时间域的测井均方根速度。提出了用VSP井的均方根速度校正声波测井均方根速度的方法,最后将校正后的测井均方根速度投影到井旁的CMP道集速度谱上,因为有井速度约束,速度趋势明显,减少了拾取的随机性,从而提高速度拾取的精度。通过实际资料的处理,效果良好。
To solve the problem of velocity picking with difficult in the low SNR region,we put forward the method of sonic logging velocity constraint velocity spectrum pickup.The sonic logging low frequency velocities are extracted using thickness weighted method.which are shallow compensation and downward extension with linear prediction method.The information of shallow and deep sonic logging velocity are obtained.Time-depth relationship is derived from calibrating synthetic seismogram.Then the logging root mean square velocity in time domain is calculated.A method is proposed for the correction of logging root mean square velocity with VSP RMS velocity.Finally the logging correction RMS velocity is projected to CMP gathers velocity spectrum near the well.The accuracy of velocity picking can be improved due to the logging velocity constraint,velocity trend obviously and reducing the random pick-up.It is proved that the method is effective and good by the testing of the actual data processing.
To solve the problem of velocity picking with difficult in the low SNR region,we put forward the method of sonic logging velocity constraint velocity spectrum pickup.The sonic logging low frequency velocities are extracted using thickness weighted method.which are shallow compensation and downward extension with linear prediction method.The information of shallow and deep sonic logging velocity are obtained.Time-depth relationship is derived from calibrating synthetic seismogram.Then the logging root mean square velocity in time domain is calculated.A method is proposed for the correction of logging root mean square velocity with VSP RMS velocity.Finally the logging correction RMS velocity is projected to CMP gathers velocity spectrum near the well.The accuracy of velocity picking can be improved due to the logging velocity constraint,velocity trend obviously and reducing the random pick-up.It is proved that the method is effective and good by the testing of the actual data processing.
引文
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[13]陈林,邓勇,盖永浩,等.对井震标定中一个特殊情况的思考[J].物探化探计算技术,2014,36(1):87-90.CHEN L,DENG Y,GAI Y H,et al.Pondering on one particular situation of well-seismic calibration[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,36(1):87-90.(In Chinese)
[14]李洪柱,张高.井控速度建模技术在地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(8):73-76.Li H Z,ZHANG G.Well controled velocity modeling technique and its application to seismic dataprocessing[J].Journal of Oil and Gas,2011,33(8):73-76.(In Chinese)
[15]张胜,夏竹,凌云,等.井震结合的测井数据标准化处理技术——以克拉玛依油田八区为例[J].石油物探,2012,51(5):531-537.ZHANG S,XIA Z,LING Y,et al.A logging data normalization technology by combination of well and seismic:case study of eighth district of Karamay Oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2012,51(5):531-537.(In Chinese)
[16]张小兵,张哨楠,赵锡奎,等.以标准层为基础的井控外推构造作图方法探讨[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(2):115-119.ZHANG X B,ZHANG S N,ZHAO X K,et al.Discussing the mappingmethod of well controlledstructural extrapolationbased on standard layer[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2007,29(2):115-119.(In Chinese)
[2]宋翔宇,李振春,周卿,等.共散射点道集映射噪声压制方法及其应用[J].石油物探,2013,52(5):524-529.SONG X Y,LI Z C,ZHOU Q,et al.Common scattering point gathers mapping method and its application to remove noise[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2013,52(5):524-529.(In Chinese)
[3]谢锐杰,朱广生,漆家福,等.声波测井资料在平均速度场中的应用[J].石油物探,2003,25(1):9-11.XIE R J,ZHU G S,QI J F,et al.Application of loging velocity to seismic average velocity[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2003,25(1):9-11.(In Chinese)
[4]吴义明,朱广生,石礼娟,等.一种改进的线性预测算法[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):29-35.WU Y M,ZHU G S,SHI L J,et al.An improved linear prediction algorithm[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2001,40(2):29-35.(In Chinese)
[5]江波,张江鑫.线性预测编码技术及其在G.729中的应用研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2009,37(2):196-200.JANG B,ZHANG J X.Studies on the linear prediction coding technology and its application to G.729[J].Journal of ZheJiang University of Technology,2009,37(2):196-200.(In Chinese)
[6]陈遵德,朱广生.中值滤波在油气层横向预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(2):277-279.CHEN Z D,ZHU G S.Application of mid-value filtering to lateral prediction reservoir[J].OGP,1995,30(2):277-279.(In China)
[7]CHRISTOPHER L.LINER,SANDIARAMCO.Layer-induced seismic anisotropy from full wave sonic logs[J].Abstracts of 76th Annual Meeting SEG,2006:159-163.
[8]BACKUS,G.E.Long-wave elastic anisotropy produces by horizontal layering[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67:4427-4440.
[9]BERRYMAN,J.G.Fluid effects on shear waves in finely layered media[J].Geophysics,2005,70:N1-N16.
[10]STONELY,R.The seismological implications of aelotropy in continental structure[J].Royal Astronomical Society,Geophysics Supplement,1949(5):222-232.
[11]马中高,解吉高.岩石的纵、横波速度与密度的规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):905-910.MA Z G,XIE J G.Studies on the relationship among compressional wave,shear wave velocities and density of rocks[J].Progress in Geophys,2005,20(4):905-910.(In Chinese)
[12]张永华,陈萍,赵雨晴,等.基于合成记录的综合层位标定技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,38(1):92-96.ZHANG Y H,CHENG P,ZHAO Y Q,et al.Integrated horizon calibration technique based on synthetic seismogram[J].OGP,2004,38(1):92-96.(In China)
[13]陈林,邓勇,盖永浩,等.对井震标定中一个特殊情况的思考[J].物探化探计算技术,2014,36(1):87-90.CHEN L,DENG Y,GAI Y H,et al.Pondering on one particular situation of well-seismic calibration[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,36(1):87-90.(In Chinese)
[14]李洪柱,张高.井控速度建模技术在地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(8):73-76.Li H Z,ZHANG G.Well controled velocity modeling technique and its application to seismic dataprocessing[J].Journal of Oil and Gas,2011,33(8):73-76.(In Chinese)
[15]张胜,夏竹,凌云,等.井震结合的测井数据标准化处理技术——以克拉玛依油田八区为例[J].石油物探,2012,51(5):531-537.ZHANG S,XIA Z,LING Y,et al.A logging data normalization technology by combination of well and seismic:case study of eighth district of Karamay Oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum,2012,51(5):531-537.(In Chinese)
[16]张小兵,张哨楠,赵锡奎,等.以标准层为基础的井控外推构造作图方法探讨[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(2):115-119.ZHANG X B,ZHANG S N,ZHAO X K,et al.Discussing the mappingmethod of well controlledstructural extrapolationbased on standard layer[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2007,29(2):115-119.(In Chinese)