鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔速度结构及构造意义
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摘要
基于鄂尔多斯地块及周缘地区稠密分布的地震台站所记录的远震波形资料,采用FMTOMO走时层析成像方法获得了深至400 km的高分辨率地壳上地幔P波速度结构,并分析和探讨了研究区的深部构造与火山、强震活动及克拉通破坏等相关的地球动力学问题.地壳上地幔速度结构横向变化和纵向差异的构造含义如下:鄂尔多斯地块下方正异常速度的巨厚岩石圈是鄂尔多斯地块缺乏克拉通大规模破坏的证据;大同火山群下方深至400km的柱状低速异常表明大同火山的岩浆作用起源于地幔过渡带,由太平洋板块俯冲作用引起熔融的玄武质岩浆上涌造成;鄂尔多斯地块与四川盆地之间呈东西向分布的上地幔低速异常带,可能是青藏高原东北缘软流圈流出的通道;鄂尔多斯周缘地区深至上地幔的低速异常分布表明,青藏高原北东向推挤和太平洋板块西向俯冲的共同作用,促使鄂尔多斯地块整体的抬升和周缘拉张断陷带的形成,为强震的孕育和发生提供了良好的应力环境,导致鄂尔多斯地块周缘地区地震频繁发生.
The Ordos Block in the western North China Craton(NCC) occupies an important position in the tectonic evolution and deep earthquake environment research in China continent. In previous seismic tomography studies, the sparse distribution of seismic stations resulted in a relatively low lateral resolution of 3 D structure of crust and upper mantle in the Ordos Block. In this paper, a dense broadband seismograph network was established, including the permanent seismic stations of the regional networks and the temporary seismic stations funded by the "Destruction of the North China Craton" project and the North China Scientific Seismic Array. Based on the waveform data recorded by 338 seismic stations in the Ordos Block and surrounding regions, we used FMTOMO traveltime tomography method to determine the high-resolution P-wave velocity structures of the crust and upper mantle down to 400 km depth, and analyzed the relationship between deep structure and a range of geodynamic issues, such as the volcanic and strong earthquake activities and the destruction of the NCC. The tectonic implications of the lateral and the vertical variations of P-wave velocity in the crust and upper mantle structures are described as follow. The transverse variation and vertical difference of velocity structure of crust and uppermost mantle indicate significant correlations between deep tectonics and surface geological setting. The thick lithosphere with positive velocity anomaly beneath the Ordos block suggests that the Ordos block did not suffer extensive destruction. The velocity anomaly distribution of the Taihang orogenic belt in the central NCC is characterized by discontinuous strip anomalies, which is significantly different from that of the North China Plain and Ordos block. The low-velocity anomalies deeper than 400 km might be related to the lithosphere destruction in the eastern NCC. A low-velocity columnar anomaly down to 400 km depth beneath the Datong volcanic groups indicates that the magmatism of the Datong volcanic group might originate from the mantle transitional zone, due to the upwelling and expulsion of basaltic magma caused by the subduction of the Pacific plate. The low-velocity zone in approximately EW direction in the upper mantle between the Ordos Block and the Sichuan basin suggests the possible existence of a narrow outflow channel of the asthenosphere. In summary, the low-velocity anomaly down to the upper mantle in the Ordos Block and surrounding regions indicates that the north-eastward compressive stress of the Tibetan Plateau and the westward subduction of the Pacific plate may induce the migration and upwelling of mantle materials, causing the overall uplift of the Ordos Block and the formation of extensional fault belt in surrounding regions. The vertical upwelling and lateral movement of the deep materials provide the stress conditions for the preparation and occurrence of strong earthquakes resulting in frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes in the regions around the Ordos Block.
The Ordos Block in the western North China Craton(NCC) occupies an important position in the tectonic evolution and deep earthquake environment research in China continent. In previous seismic tomography studies, the sparse distribution of seismic stations resulted in a relatively low lateral resolution of 3 D structure of crust and upper mantle in the Ordos Block. In this paper, a dense broadband seismograph network was established, including the permanent seismic stations of the regional networks and the temporary seismic stations funded by the "Destruction of the North China Craton" project and the North China Scientific Seismic Array. Based on the waveform data recorded by 338 seismic stations in the Ordos Block and surrounding regions, we used FMTOMO traveltime tomography method to determine the high-resolution P-wave velocity structures of the crust and upper mantle down to 400 km depth, and analyzed the relationship between deep structure and a range of geodynamic issues, such as the volcanic and strong earthquake activities and the destruction of the NCC. The tectonic implications of the lateral and the vertical variations of P-wave velocity in the crust and upper mantle structures are described as follow. The transverse variation and vertical difference of velocity structure of crust and uppermost mantle indicate significant correlations between deep tectonics and surface geological setting. The thick lithosphere with positive velocity anomaly beneath the Ordos block suggests that the Ordos block did not suffer extensive destruction. The velocity anomaly distribution of the Taihang orogenic belt in the central NCC is characterized by discontinuous strip anomalies, which is significantly different from that of the North China Plain and Ordos block. The low-velocity anomalies deeper than 400 km might be related to the lithosphere destruction in the eastern NCC. A low-velocity columnar anomaly down to 400 km depth beneath the Datong volcanic groups indicates that the magmatism of the Datong volcanic group might originate from the mantle transitional zone, due to the upwelling and expulsion of basaltic magma caused by the subduction of the Pacific plate. The low-velocity zone in approximately EW direction in the upper mantle between the Ordos Block and the Sichuan basin suggests the possible existence of a narrow outflow channel of the asthenosphere. In summary, the low-velocity anomaly down to the upper mantle in the Ordos Block and surrounding regions indicates that the north-eastward compressive stress of the Tibetan Plateau and the westward subduction of the Pacific plate may induce the migration and upwelling of mantle materials, causing the overall uplift of the Ordos Block and the formation of extensional fault belt in surrounding regions. The vertical upwelling and lateral movement of the deep materials provide the stress conditions for the preparation and occurrence of strong earthquakes resulting in frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes in the regions around the Ordos Block.
引文
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3 Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of a continental collision.Science,1975,189:419-426
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11 Liu M J,Mooney W D,Li S L,et al.Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos Basin.Tectonophysics,2006,420:253-266
12 Teng J W,Wang F Y,Zhao W Z,et al.Velocity structure of layered block and deep dynamic process in the lithosphere beneath the Yinshan orogenic belt and Ordos Basin(in Chinese).Chin J Geophys,2010,53:67-85[滕吉文,王夫运,赵文智,等.阴山造山带-鄂尔多斯盆地岩石圈层、块速度结构与深层动力过程.地球物理学报,2010,53:67-85]
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