门源地区地壳三维体波速度结构及地震重定位研究
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摘要
本文使用甘肃、青海数字地震台网及中国地震科学探测台阵记录到的门源地区地震的P波和S波到时资料,应用双差层析成像方法联合反演了该地区的地壳三维速度结构和震源位置参数.结合地质构造背景,研究了门源MS6.4地震孕育发生的深部介质环境及该地区速度结构与地震活动性之间的关系.结果表明:反演之后地震的走时残差均方根显著降低,重定位后的地震在垂直方向上呈现出与断层位置有关的条带状分布.门源地区地壳速度结构存在明显的不均匀性,浅层P波和S波速度结构与地表地质构造及地形特征密切相关.研究区内地震活动性与地壳速度结构具有很强的对应关系,地震主要分布在高速异常区域及其边缘.门源MS6.4地震震中附近的P波和S波速度结构表现出明显的高速异常,且在震源区下方存在P波低速层,这种特殊的构造条件可能是导致此次地震发生的重要原因.
We used the double-difference tomography method and P-and S-wave travel time data recorded by the regional digital seismic network and temporary seismic array to invert 3D velocity structure and relocate seismic events in the Menyuan area.Combined with geological tectonic setting,we have studied the deep medium environment of the Menyuan MS6.4 earthquake and the relationship between velocity structure and seismic activity in this area.The results show that the root-mean-square residuals of earthquakes have been greatly reduced after inversion,and distribution of relocated earthquakes is obviously strip-shaped in the vertical section associated with faults.There is significant inhomogeneity of the crustal velocity structure in the study area,and the shallow velocity structure is closely related to the surface geological structure and topographic features.The seismic activity in the study area has a strong correspondence with the crustal velocity structure,and earthquakes are mainly distributed in high-velocity anomaly areas and their edges.The P-wave and S-wave velocity structures near the epicenter of the MS6.4 earthquake show obvious high-speed anomalies,and there is a low-velocity layer of P-waves below the source region.This special tectonic condition may be an important reason for the occurrence of the earthquake.
We used the double-difference tomography method and P-and S-wave travel time data recorded by the regional digital seismic network and temporary seismic array to invert 3D velocity structure and relocate seismic events in the Menyuan area.Combined with geological tectonic setting,we have studied the deep medium environment of the Menyuan MS6.4 earthquake and the relationship between velocity structure and seismic activity in this area.The results show that the root-mean-square residuals of earthquakes have been greatly reduced after inversion,and distribution of relocated earthquakes is obviously strip-shaped in the vertical section associated with faults.There is significant inhomogeneity of the crustal velocity structure in the study area,and the shallow velocity structure is closely related to the surface geological structure and topographic features.The seismic activity in the study area has a strong correspondence with the crustal velocity structure,and earthquakes are mainly distributed in high-velocity anomaly areas and their edges.The P-wave and S-wave velocity structures near the epicenter of the MS6.4 earthquake show obvious high-speed anomalies,and there is a low-velocity layer of P-waves below the source region.This special tectonic condition may be an important reason for the occurrence of the earthquake.
引文
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Chen W B.2003.Principal features of tectonic deformation and their generation mechanism in the Hexi Corridor and its adjacent regions since late Quaternary[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geology,CEA.
Chen Z H,Lou H,Meng X H,et al.2014.3D P-wave velocity structure of crust and upper mantle beneath Ordos Block and North China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(3):999-1007,doi:10.6038/pg20140303.
Deng W Z,Chen J H,Guo B,et al.2014.Fine velocity structure of the Longmenshan fault zone by double-difference tomography.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1101-1110,doi:10.6038/cjg20140408.
Eberhart-Phillips D.1986.Three-dimensional velocity structure in northern California Coast Ranges from inversion of local earthquake arrival times.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,76(4):1025-1052.
Feng J G,Wang Q,Tang L L.2012.Research on precursory anomaly identification of the Gulang window earthquake based on ECRS method.Plateau Earthquake Research(in Chinese),24(1):38-42.
Guo H L,Ding Z F,Xu X M.2017.Upper mantle structure beneath the northern South-North Seismic Zone from teleseismic traveltime data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(1):86-97,doi:10.6038/cjg20170108.
Guo P,Han Z J,An Y F,et al.2017.Activity of the Lenglongling fault system and seismotectonics of the 2016 MS6.4 Menyuan earthquake.Science China Earth Sciences,60(5):929-942.
He W G,Liu B C,Yuan D Y,et al.2000.Research on slip rates of the Lenglongling active fault zone.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),22(1):90-97.
Hu C Z,Yang P X,Li Z M,et al.2016.Seismogenic mechanism of the 21January 2016 Menyuan,Qinghai MS6.4earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(5):1637-1646,doi:10.6038/cjg20160509.
Huang H,Fu H,Sha C N,et al.2017.Relocation of the 2016MS6.4 Menyuan,Qinghai earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),39(2):176-187.
Huang J L,Zhao D P.2004.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics of the region around Beijing,China.Tectonophysics,385(1-4):159-180.
Humphreys E,Clayton R W.1988.Adaptation of back projection tomography to seismic travel time problems.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,93(B2):1073-1085.
Lasserre C,Gaudemer Y,Tapponnier P,et al.2002.Fast late Pleistocene slip rate on the Leng Long Ling segment of the Haiyuan fault,Qinghai,China.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,107(B11):2276,doi:10.1029/2000JB000060.
Lei J S,Zhang G W,Xie F R,et al.2012.Relocation of the 10March 2011 Yingjiang,China,earthquake sequence and its tectonic implications.Earthquake Science,25(1):103-110.
Li D H,Wu P P,Ding Z F.2015.Tomography of the three dimensional P-wave velocity structure in the source region of the MS7.0Lushan,Sichuan,earthquake and its surrouding areas.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),37(3):371-385.
Liang S S,Lei J S,Xu Z G,et al.2017.Relocation of the aftershock sequence and focal mechanism solutions of the 21January 2016 Menyuan,Qinghai,MS6.4earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(6):2091-2103,doi:10.6038/cjg20170606.
Liu Q Y,Li Y,Chen J H,et al.2009.Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake:preliminary study of the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(2):309-319.
Okada T,Yaginuma T,Umino N,et al.2006.Detailed imaging of the fault planes of the 2004 Niigata-Chuetsu,central Japan,earthquake sequence by double-difference tomography.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,244(1-2):32-43.
Pei S P,Chen Y J.2012.Link between Seismic Velocity Structure and the 2010 MS7.1 Yushu Earthquake,Qinghai,China:Evidence from Aftershock Tomography.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,102(1):445-450.
Qu J H,Jiang H K,Li J,et al.2015.Preliminary study for seismogenic structure of the Rushan earthquake sequence in2013-2014.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(6):1954-1962,doi:10.6038/cjg20150611.
Tan H Y,Wang Z.2014.3Dseismic tomography of crust and upper mantle in South China.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),36(3):318-325.
Thurber C,Zhang H J,Brocher T,et al.2009.Regional threedimensional seismic velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle of northern California.JournalofGeophysicalResearch:Solid Earth,114(B1):B01304,doi:10.1029/2008JB005766.
Thurber C H.1992.Hypocenter-velocity structure coupling in local earthquake tomography.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,75(1-3):55-62.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the northern Hayward fault,California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90(6):1353-1368.
Wang C Y,Lin Z Y,Chen X B.1995.Comprehensive study of geophysics on geoscience transect from Menyuan,Qinghai province,to Ningde,Fujian province,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),38(5):590-598.
Wang C Z,Wu J P,Fang L H,et al.2011.Relocation of aftershocks of the 2009 Yaoan MS6.0earthquake and 3-D P-wave velocity structure around its source region.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),33(2):123-133.
Wang C Z,Wu J P,Fang L H,et al.2013.The relationship between wave velocity structure around Yushu earthquake source region and the distribution of aftershocks.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(12):4072-4083,doi:10.6038/cjg20131212.
Wang X C,Ding Z F,Wu Y,et al.2017.Crustal thicknesses and Poisson′s ratios beneath the northern section of the north-south seismic belt and surrounding areas in China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(6):2080-2090,doi:10.6038/cjg20170605.
Wang X N,Yu X W,Zhang W B.2015.3DP-wave velocity structure of the crust and relocation of earthquakes in the Lushan source area.ChineseJournalofGeophysics(in Chinese),58(4):1179-1193,doi:10.6038/cjg20150408.
Wu J P,Huang Y,Zhang T Z,et al.2009.Aftershock distribution of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and three dimensional P-wave velocity structure in and around source region.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(2):320-328.
Xu X M,Ding Z F,Zhang F X.2015.The teleseismic tomography study by P-wave traveltime data beneath the southern Southnorth Seismic Zone.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(11):4041-4051,doi:10.6038/cjg20151113.
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