短跑不同模式速度耐力训练对肌肉损伤的影响
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摘要
目的:比较高量模式(HV)和高强度模式(HI)速度耐力训练对短跑运动员肌肉损伤的影响。方法:招募14名短跑运动员(年龄18.57±2.56岁,身高181.00±5.16 cm,体重68.00±6.45 kg,训练年限6.35±2.92年,200 m跑最好成绩22.19±1.06 s)分别于HV模式和HI模式速度耐力训练前15 min、训练后24 h、48 h和72 h对受试者的肌肉损伤指标进行测试。采用酶偶联法检测肌酸激酶(CK)含量,Myoton PRO数字化肌肉功能评估系统检测肌肉硬度(MS),OPTOJUMP运动素质测试系统检测纵跳高度(CMJ),Kin-Com等速测力器检测最大自主收缩力量(MVC)。结果:1)HV模式受试者的CK值和CMJ值在训练后24 h出现了显著下降(P<0.05),但在训练后48 h基本恢复至了训练前的水平(P>0.05),MS值和MVC值在训练后没有出现显著下降(P>0.05);2)HI模式受试者的CK值、MS值、CMJ值和MVC值在训练后24 h和48 h均出现了显著下降(P<0.05),但在训练后72 h基本恢复到了训练前的水平(P>0.05);3)HI模式受试者的MS值、CMJ值和MVC值在训练后24 h和48 h均显著高于HV模式受试者(P<0.05),HI模式受试者的CK值在训练后24 h、48 h和72 h均显著高于HV模式受试者(P<0.05)。结论:HV模式和HI模式速度耐力训练都会对受试者的肌肉造成一定程度的损伤,但HI模式速度耐力训练对受试者肌肉造成的损伤程度比HV模式速度耐力训练更为严重。
Objective: To compare the severity of sprinters' muscle damage under the high volume(HV) and high intensity(HI) modes of speed endurance training(SET). Methods: Muscle damage indexes of 14 well-trained sprinters(age: 18.57 ± 2.56 yrs, height: 181.00 ± 5.16 cm, weight: 68.00 ± 6.45 cm, training: 6.35 ± 2.92 yrs, 200 m PB: 22.19 ± 1.06 sec) were measured under the HV and HI modes of SET respectively as follows: before the training, 24 hours after the training, 48 hours after the training and 72 hours after the training. The enzyme-coupled assay was used to measure the creatine kinase(CK) content. Myoton PRO(a digital muscle function assessment system) was employed to test the muscle stiffness(MS). OPTOJUMP(a system of physical fitness analysis and measurement) was used to measure counter movement jump(CMJ) height. Kin-Com(an isokinetic dynamometer) was employed to test the maximal voluntary contraction(MVC) strength. Results: 1) CK and CMJ of tested sprinters under the HV mode significantly dropped 24 hours after the training(P<0.05), but 48 hours after the training, the sprinters' CK and CMJ restored almost to the same level before the training(P>0.05). MS and MVC of these sprinters did not decrease greatly after the training(P>0.05). 2) CK, MS, CMJ and MVC of tested sprinters under the HI mode all significantly dropped both 24 and 48 hours after the training(P<0.05), but 72 hours after the training, the sprinters' CK, MS, CMJ and MVC all restored almost to the same level before the training(P>0.05). 3) MS, CMJ and MVC of tested sprinters under the HI mode were all significantly higher than those of the sprinters under the HV mode both 24 and 48 hours after the training. CK of tested sprinters under the HI mode was remarkably higher than that of the sprinters under the HV mode 24, 48 and 72 hours after the training(P<0.05). Conclusion: Both HV and HI modes of SET cause muscle damage on the tested sprinters, but muscle damage caused under the HI mode of SET is more severe than that under the HV mode of SET.
Objective: To compare the severity of sprinters' muscle damage under the high volume(HV) and high intensity(HI) modes of speed endurance training(SET). Methods: Muscle damage indexes of 14 well-trained sprinters(age: 18.57 ± 2.56 yrs, height: 181.00 ± 5.16 cm, weight: 68.00 ± 6.45 cm, training: 6.35 ± 2.92 yrs, 200 m PB: 22.19 ± 1.06 sec) were measured under the HV and HI modes of SET respectively as follows: before the training, 24 hours after the training, 48 hours after the training and 72 hours after the training. The enzyme-coupled assay was used to measure the creatine kinase(CK) content. Myoton PRO(a digital muscle function assessment system) was employed to test the muscle stiffness(MS). OPTOJUMP(a system of physical fitness analysis and measurement) was used to measure counter movement jump(CMJ) height. Kin-Com(an isokinetic dynamometer) was employed to test the maximal voluntary contraction(MVC) strength. Results: 1) CK and CMJ of tested sprinters under the HV mode significantly dropped 24 hours after the training(P<0.05), but 48 hours after the training, the sprinters' CK and CMJ restored almost to the same level before the training(P>0.05). MS and MVC of these sprinters did not decrease greatly after the training(P>0.05). 2) CK, MS, CMJ and MVC of tested sprinters under the HI mode all significantly dropped both 24 and 48 hours after the training(P<0.05), but 72 hours after the training, the sprinters' CK, MS, CMJ and MVC all restored almost to the same level before the training(P>0.05). 3) MS, CMJ and MVC of tested sprinters under the HI mode were all significantly higher than those of the sprinters under the HV mode both 24 and 48 hours after the training. CK of tested sprinters under the HI mode was remarkably higher than that of the sprinters under the HV mode 24, 48 and 72 hours after the training(P<0.05). Conclusion: Both HV and HI modes of SET cause muscle damage on the tested sprinters, but muscle damage caused under the HI mode of SET is more severe than that under the HV mode of SET.
引文
[1]姜自立,李庆.我国高水平短跑运动员速度耐力训练现状[J].上海体育学院学报,2017,41(5):75-81.
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[3]苏全生,田野,孙君志,等.大鼠运动性骨骼肌损伤后血液白细胞介素-6、肌酸激酶及其同工酶的时相性变化[J].中国运动医学杂志,2006,25(2):176-180.
[4]汪黎明.不同时间间隔重复离心运动后肌肉损伤与适应特点及机制研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2008.
[5]杨辉,常青,唐成林,等.跑台运动训练与按摩联合作用对大鼠骨骼肌急性损伤修复过程中炎症的发展及肌卫星细胞增殖的影响[J].体育科学,2015,35(3):51-58.
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[14]HOWATSON G,MILAK A.Exercise-induced muscle damage following a bout of sport specific repeated sprints[J].J Strength Cond Res,2009,23(8):2419-2424.
[15]HOWATSON G,VAN SOMEREN K,HORTOBAGYI T.Repeated bout effect after maximal eccentric exercise[J].Int J Sports Med,2007,28(07):557-563.
[16]J?RVINEN T A,J?RVINEN T L,K??RI?INEN M,et al.Muscle injuries[J].Am J Sports Med,2005,33(5):745-764.
[17]MARGINSON V,ROWLANDS A V,GLEESON N P,et al.Comparison of the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after an initial and repeated bout of plyometric exercise in men and boys[J].J Appl Physiol,2005,99(3):1174-1181.
[18]MULLIX J,WARNER M,STOKES M.Testing muscle tone and mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps femoris using a novel hand held Myoton PRO device:relative ratios and reliability[J].Working P Health Sci,2012,1(1):1-8.
[19]NOSAKA K,NEWTON M.Difference in the magnitude of muscle damage between maximal and submaximal eccentric loading.[J].J Strength Cond Res,2002,16(2):202-208.
[20]NOTTLE C,NOSAKA K.The magnitude of muscle damage induced by downhill backward walking[J].J Sci Med Sport,2005,8(3):264-273.
[21]SLOBOUNOV S M.Injuries in Athletics:Causes and Consequences[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2008.
[22]SMITH L L.Causes of delayed onset muscle soreness and the impact on athletic performance:A review.[J].J Strength Cond Res,1992,6(3):135-141.
[23]THOMPSON D,NICHOLAS C W,WILLIAMS C.Muscular soreness following prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running[J].J Sports Sci,1999,17(5):387-395.
[24]TIDBALL J G.Mechanisms of muscle injury,repair,and regeneration[J].Compr Physiol,2011,1(4):2029.
[25]TIIDUS P M,IANUZZO C D.Effects of intensity and duration of muscular exercise on delayed soreness and serum enzyme activities[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1982,15(6):461-465.
[26]TWIST C,ESTON R.The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on maximal intensity intermittent exercise performance[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2005,94(5-6):652-658.
[2]姜自立,李庆.李庆短跑训练理念研究[J].体育科学,2018,38(2):55-64.
[3]苏全生,田野,孙君志,等.大鼠运动性骨骼肌损伤后血液白细胞介素-6、肌酸激酶及其同工酶的时相性变化[J].中国运动医学杂志,2006,25(2):176-180.
[4]汪黎明.不同时间间隔重复离心运动后肌肉损伤与适应特点及机制研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2008.
[5]杨辉,常青,唐成林,等.跑台运动训练与按摩联合作用对大鼠骨骼肌急性损伤修复过程中炎症的发展及肌卫星细胞增殖的影响[J].体育科学,2015,35(3):51-58.
[6]BAILEY L,SAMUEL D,WARNER M B,et al.Parameters representing muscle tone,elasticity and stiffness of biceps brachii in healthy older males:symmetry and within-session reliability using the Myoton PRO[J].J Neuro Disord,2013,1(1):1-7.
[7]BYRNE C,TWIST C,ESTON R.Neuromuscular function after exercise-induced muscle damage[J].Sports Med,2004,34(1):49-69.
[8]BYRNES W C,CLARKSON P M,WHITE J S,et al.Delayed onset muscle soreness following repeated bouts of downhill running[J].J Appl Physiol,1985,59(3):710-715.
[9]CHARGE S B,RUDNICKI M A.Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration[J].Physiol Rev,2004,84(1):209-238.
[10]CLARKSON P M,HUBAL M J.Exercise-induced muscle damage in humans[J].Am J Phys Med Rehabil,2002,81(11):S52-S69.
[11]ESTON R G,FINNEY S,BAKER S,et al.Muscle tenderness and peak torque changes after downhill running following a prior bout of isokinetic eccentric exercise[J].J Sports Sci,1996,14(4):291-299.
[12]FRIDéN J,SEGER J,EKBLOM B.Sublethal muscle fibre injuries after high-tension anaerobic exercise[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,1988,57(3):360-368.
[13]HOWATSON G,GAZE D,VAN SOMEREN K A.The efficacy of ice massage in the treatment of exercise‐induced muscle damage[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2005,15(6):416-422.
[14]HOWATSON G,MILAK A.Exercise-induced muscle damage following a bout of sport specific repeated sprints[J].J Strength Cond Res,2009,23(8):2419-2424.
[15]HOWATSON G,VAN SOMEREN K,HORTOBAGYI T.Repeated bout effect after maximal eccentric exercise[J].Int J Sports Med,2007,28(07):557-563.
[16]J?RVINEN T A,J?RVINEN T L,K??RI?INEN M,et al.Muscle injuries[J].Am J Sports Med,2005,33(5):745-764.
[17]MARGINSON V,ROWLANDS A V,GLEESON N P,et al.Comparison of the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after an initial and repeated bout of plyometric exercise in men and boys[J].J Appl Physiol,2005,99(3):1174-1181.
[18]MULLIX J,WARNER M,STOKES M.Testing muscle tone and mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps femoris using a novel hand held Myoton PRO device:relative ratios and reliability[J].Working P Health Sci,2012,1(1):1-8.
[19]NOSAKA K,NEWTON M.Difference in the magnitude of muscle damage between maximal and submaximal eccentric loading.[J].J Strength Cond Res,2002,16(2):202-208.
[20]NOTTLE C,NOSAKA K.The magnitude of muscle damage induced by downhill backward walking[J].J Sci Med Sport,2005,8(3):264-273.
[21]SLOBOUNOV S M.Injuries in Athletics:Causes and Consequences[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2008.
[22]SMITH L L.Causes of delayed onset muscle soreness and the impact on athletic performance:A review.[J].J Strength Cond Res,1992,6(3):135-141.
[23]THOMPSON D,NICHOLAS C W,WILLIAMS C.Muscular soreness following prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running[J].J Sports Sci,1999,17(5):387-395.
[24]TIDBALL J G.Mechanisms of muscle injury,repair,and regeneration[J].Compr Physiol,2011,1(4):2029.
[25]TIIDUS P M,IANUZZO C D.Effects of intensity and duration of muscular exercise on delayed soreness and serum enzyme activities[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1982,15(6):461-465.
[26]TWIST C,ESTON R.The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on maximal intensity intermittent exercise performance[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2005,94(5-6):652-658.