管道内均匀与非均匀PEO溶液湍流减阻特性研究
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摘要
在自制重力式循环水槽中(最高试验Re数可达105),测试分析了管道内均匀与非均匀聚氧化乙烯(PEO)溶液的湍流减阻规律。结果表明,均匀PEO溶液减阻率(DR)随Re数和浓度增加而提高(最大减阻率>70%),但浓度大于临界浓度(100p.p.m)后DR不再增加;而相同浓度均匀PEO溶液的减阻效果随时间逐渐减弱,且Re数越大,剪切破坏越严重,DR下降越明显。与均匀PEO溶液不同,非均匀PEO溶液(从管壁狭缝向内喷射PEO溶液所得)不受剪切破坏影响,减阻效果更稳定,且药品使用量小;同时通过增大喷射速率、Re数和喷射液浓度,可提高减阻率(最大减阻率>50%)。对比可见,喷射减阻方式仅需消耗少量药剂,就能实现显著、稳定减阻,有望用于水下航行体湍流减阻。
In a self-made gravity circulating water tank(the maximum experimental Reynolds number Re is up to 105),the turbulent drag reduction pattern of homogeneous and inhomogeneous polyethylene oxide(PEO)solution in pipeline was measured and analyzed.Results show that drag reduction rate(DR)of homogeneous PEO solution increases with the increase of Re(the maximum DR>70%),but when concentration is higher than critical concentration(100 p.p.m),drag reduction rate no longer increases.However,the drag reduction effect of homogeneous PEO solution with the same concentration(75 p.p.m)decreases gradually with time,and the larger the Re number is,the more serious the shear failure,and the more obvious the decrease of DR.Different from homogeneous PEO solution,inhomogeneous PEO solution(obtained by injecting PEO solution from narrow slit of tube wall)is not affected by shear failure,the drag reduction effect is more stable,and the dosage of drugs is small.At the same time,by increasing the injection rate,Re number and injection concentration,drag reduction rate can be increased(maximum drag reduction rate >50%)The comparison between the two kinds of solution reveals that the injection can obtain more significant and stable DReffect with fewer additives,which may be valuable for realizing long-time drag reduction for underwater vehicles.
In a self-made gravity circulating water tank(the maximum experimental Reynolds number Re is up to 105),the turbulent drag reduction pattern of homogeneous and inhomogeneous polyethylene oxide(PEO)solution in pipeline was measured and analyzed.Results show that drag reduction rate(DR)of homogeneous PEO solution increases with the increase of Re(the maximum DR>70%),but when concentration is higher than critical concentration(100 p.p.m),drag reduction rate no longer increases.However,the drag reduction effect of homogeneous PEO solution with the same concentration(75 p.p.m)decreases gradually with time,and the larger the Re number is,the more serious the shear failure,and the more obvious the decrease of DR.Different from homogeneous PEO solution,inhomogeneous PEO solution(obtained by injecting PEO solution from narrow slit of tube wall)is not affected by shear failure,the drag reduction effect is more stable,and the dosage of drugs is small.At the same time,by increasing the injection rate,Re number and injection concentration,drag reduction rate can be increased(maximum drag reduction rate >50%)The comparison between the two kinds of solution reveals that the injection can obtain more significant and stable DReffect with fewer additives,which may be valuable for realizing long-time drag reduction for underwater vehicles.
引文
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[6]White C M,Mungal M G.Mechanics and prediction of turbulent drag reduction with polymer additives[J].Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,2008,40:235-256.
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[11]蒋营营,管新蕾,姜楠.高分子溶液壁湍流减阻机理的TRPIV实验研究[J].实验力学,2013,28(4):422-430(JIANG Yingying,GUAN Xinlei,JIANG Nan.TRPIV measurement investigation on drag-reduction mechanism of wall-bounded turbulent flow with polymer solution[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2013,28(4):422-430(in Chinese))
[12]Li F C,Kawaguchi Y,Segawa T.Reynolds-number dependence of turbulence structures in a drag-reducing surfactant solution channel flow investigated by particle image velocimetry[J].Physics of Fluids,2005,17(7):1-13.
[13]Gennes P G D,Deutsch J M.Introduction to polymer dynamics[M].Cambridge University Press,1990:242.
[14]Wei T,Willmarth W W.Modifying turbulent structure with drag-reducing polymer additives in turbulent channel flows[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1992,245:619-641.
[15]Li F C,Kawaguchi Y,Hishida K.Investigation on the characteristics of turbulence transport for momentum and heat in a drag-reducing surfactant solution flow[J].Physics of Fluids,2004,16(9):3281-3295.
[16]焦利芳,李凤臣.添加剂湍流减阻流动与换热研究综述[J].力学进展,2008,38(3):339-357(JIAO Lifang,LIFengcheng.Review of turbulent drag-reduction flow and heat transfer with additives[J].Advances in Mechanics,2008,38(3):339-357(in Chinese))
[17]邵雪明,林建忠.高聚物减阻机理的研究综述[J].浙江工程学院学报,2001,18(1):17-21(SHAO Xueming,LIN Jianzhong.Review of research on mechanism of drag reduction by polymer additives[J].Journal of Zhejiang Institute of Science and Technology,2001,18(1):17-21(in Chinese))
[18]Fu Z G,Kawaguchi Y.A short review on drag-reduced turbulent flow of inhomogeneous polymer solutions[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2013,5:1-12.
[19]Pereira A S,Soares E J.Polymer degradation of dilute solutions in turbulent drag reducing flows in a cylindrical double gap rheometer device[J].Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2012,179:9-22.
[20]Wells C S,Spangler J G.Injection of a drag-reducing fluid into turbulent pipe flow of a newtonian fluid[J].Physics of Fluids,1967,10(9P1):1890-1894.
[21]Wu J,Tulin M P.Drag reduction by ejecting additive solutions into pure-water boundary-layer[J].Journal of Basic Engineering,1972,94(4):749-756.
[22]Frings B.Heterogeneous drag reduction in turbulent pipe flows using various injection techniques[J].Rheologica Acta,1988,27(1):92-110.
[23]Kim K,Sirviente A I.Wall versus centerline polymer injection in turbulent channel flows[J].Flow Turbulence and Combustion,2007,78(1):69-89.
[24]Hou Y X,Somandepalli V S R,Mungal M G.Streamwise development of turbulent boundary-layer drag reduction with polymer injection[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2008,597:31-66.
[25]Hong C H,Jang C H,Choi H J.Turbulent drag reduction with polymers in rotating disk flow[J].Polymers,2015,7(7):1279-1298.
[26]Perlin M,Dowling D R,Ceccio S L.Freeman scholar review:passive and active skin-friction drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering-Transactions of the Asme,2016,138(9):091104.
[2]Lumley J L.Drag reduction by additives[J].Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,1969,1:367-384.
[3]Virk P S.Drag reduction fundamentals[J].Aiche Journal,1975,21(4):625-656.
[4]Kim K,Islam M T,Shen X.Effect of macromolecular polymer structures on drag reduction in a turbulent channel flow[J].Physics of Fluids,2004,16(11):4150-4162.
[5]Yang S Q,Ding D H.Drag reduction induced by polymer in turbulent pipe flows[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2013,102(15):200-208.
[6]White C M,Mungal M G.Mechanics and prediction of turbulent drag reduction with polymer additives[J].Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,2008,40:235-256.
[7]Sreenivasan K R,White C M.The onset of drag reduction by dilute polymer additives,and the maximum drag reduction asymptote[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2000,409:149-164.
[8]田军,徐锦芬,薛群基.粘性减阻技术及其应用[J].实验力学,1997,12(2):34-39(TIAN Jun,XU Jinfen,XUE Qunji.The technique of viscosity drag reduction and its application[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1997,12(2):34-39(in Chinese))
[9]邵雪明,林建忠,余钊圣.添加聚合物对混合层流场特性影响的实验研究[J].实验力学,1998,13(4):520-525(SHAO Xueming,LIN Jianzhong,YU Zhangsheng.Experimental research for the influence of polymer additives on the characteristics of mixing layer flow[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1998,13(4):520-525(in Chinese))
[10]Walker T D,Tiederman W G.Turbulent structure in a channel flow with polymer injection at the wall[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1990,218(3):377-403.
[11]蒋营营,管新蕾,姜楠.高分子溶液壁湍流减阻机理的TRPIV实验研究[J].实验力学,2013,28(4):422-430(JIANG Yingying,GUAN Xinlei,JIANG Nan.TRPIV measurement investigation on drag-reduction mechanism of wall-bounded turbulent flow with polymer solution[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2013,28(4):422-430(in Chinese))
[12]Li F C,Kawaguchi Y,Segawa T.Reynolds-number dependence of turbulence structures in a drag-reducing surfactant solution channel flow investigated by particle image velocimetry[J].Physics of Fluids,2005,17(7):1-13.
[13]Gennes P G D,Deutsch J M.Introduction to polymer dynamics[M].Cambridge University Press,1990:242.
[14]Wei T,Willmarth W W.Modifying turbulent structure with drag-reducing polymer additives in turbulent channel flows[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1992,245:619-641.
[15]Li F C,Kawaguchi Y,Hishida K.Investigation on the characteristics of turbulence transport for momentum and heat in a drag-reducing surfactant solution flow[J].Physics of Fluids,2004,16(9):3281-3295.
[16]焦利芳,李凤臣.添加剂湍流减阻流动与换热研究综述[J].力学进展,2008,38(3):339-357(JIAO Lifang,LIFengcheng.Review of turbulent drag-reduction flow and heat transfer with additives[J].Advances in Mechanics,2008,38(3):339-357(in Chinese))
[17]邵雪明,林建忠.高聚物减阻机理的研究综述[J].浙江工程学院学报,2001,18(1):17-21(SHAO Xueming,LIN Jianzhong.Review of research on mechanism of drag reduction by polymer additives[J].Journal of Zhejiang Institute of Science and Technology,2001,18(1):17-21(in Chinese))
[18]Fu Z G,Kawaguchi Y.A short review on drag-reduced turbulent flow of inhomogeneous polymer solutions[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2013,5:1-12.
[19]Pereira A S,Soares E J.Polymer degradation of dilute solutions in turbulent drag reducing flows in a cylindrical double gap rheometer device[J].Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2012,179:9-22.
[20]Wells C S,Spangler J G.Injection of a drag-reducing fluid into turbulent pipe flow of a newtonian fluid[J].Physics of Fluids,1967,10(9P1):1890-1894.
[21]Wu J,Tulin M P.Drag reduction by ejecting additive solutions into pure-water boundary-layer[J].Journal of Basic Engineering,1972,94(4):749-756.
[22]Frings B.Heterogeneous drag reduction in turbulent pipe flows using various injection techniques[J].Rheologica Acta,1988,27(1):92-110.
[23]Kim K,Sirviente A I.Wall versus centerline polymer injection in turbulent channel flows[J].Flow Turbulence and Combustion,2007,78(1):69-89.
[24]Hou Y X,Somandepalli V S R,Mungal M G.Streamwise development of turbulent boundary-layer drag reduction with polymer injection[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2008,597:31-66.
[25]Hong C H,Jang C H,Choi H J.Turbulent drag reduction with polymers in rotating disk flow[J].Polymers,2015,7(7):1279-1298.
[26]Perlin M,Dowling D R,Ceccio S L.Freeman scholar review:passive and active skin-friction drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering-Transactions of the Asme,2016,138(9):091104.