基于多孔介质材料和仿生设计的汽车阻流板减阻机理
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摘要
为了解决传统阻流板自身气动阻力过大的问题,提出了多孔介质阻流板和仿生阻流板两种新结构方案。利用计算流体动力学方法分析了两种方案在不同横摆角工况下的气动阻力变化规律,揭示了两种新结构的减阻机理;相比传统阻流板,两种新结构的气动阻力峰值分别减小了3.3%和4.7%。在此基础上,提出了仿生阻流板和侧裙的组合结构方案,解决了传统阻流板中大横摆角时整车气动阻力增大的问题;相比传统阻流板,组合结构的气动阻力峰值减小了10.7%。比例模型风洞试验验证了所提方案的正确性。
In order to reduce the aerodynamic drag of conventional spoilers, two new structural schemes of porous medium spoilers and bionic spoilers were designed. The variation laws of aerodynamic drag of two schemes were analyzed under different yaw angles by computational fluid dynamics method, and the aerodynamic drag reduction mechanisms of two new structures were revealed. Compared with the conventional spoilers, the aerodynamic drag peak of two new structures were decreased by 3.3% and 4.7% respectively. A combined structure scheme of bionic spoilers and side skirts was designed to solve the problems of increasing aerodynamic drag caused by conventional spoilers at large yaw angles. Compared with the conventional spoilers, the aerodynamic drag peak of the combined structures decreased by 10.7%. The proposed method was validated by scale model wind tunnel test.
In order to reduce the aerodynamic drag of conventional spoilers, two new structural schemes of porous medium spoilers and bionic spoilers were designed. The variation laws of aerodynamic drag of two schemes were analyzed under different yaw angles by computational fluid dynamics method, and the aerodynamic drag reduction mechanisms of two new structures were revealed. Compared with the conventional spoilers, the aerodynamic drag peak of two new structures were decreased by 3.3% and 4.7% respectively. A combined structure scheme of bionic spoilers and side skirts was designed to solve the problems of increasing aerodynamic drag caused by conventional spoilers at large yaw angles. Compared with the conventional spoilers, the aerodynamic drag peak of the combined structures decreased by 10.7%. The proposed method was validated by scale model wind tunnel test.
引文
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[16]杨建国.基于离散气动系数的轿车瞬态侧风稳定性研究[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(4):549-554.YANG Jianguo.Research on Automotive Transient Crosswind Stability Based on Discrete Aerodynamic Coefficients[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(4):549-554.
[17]罗泽轩,谷正气,黄泰明,等.汽车侧风稳定性动态耦合方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2018,29(7):804-810.LUO Zexuan,GU Zhengqi,HUANG Taiming,et al.Research on Vehicle Stability under Crosswind Conditions by Dynamic Coupling Method[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2018,29(7):804-810.(编辑袁兴玲)
[2]张英朝,薛学栋,丁伟,等.某两厢车气动外形减阻自动优化设计[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(11):1771-1775.ZHANG Yingchao,XUE Xuedong,DING Wei,et al.Automatic Shape Optimization of Hatchback to Reduce Aerodynamic Drag[J].Journal of Tongji Univesity(Natural Science),2016,44(11):1771-1775.
[3]杨易,郑萌,黄剑锋,等.基于非光滑表面与涡流干扰的车身气动减阻方法[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(7):982-988.YANG Yi,ZHENG Meng,HUANG Jianfeng,et al.Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Method of Vehicle Body Based on Non-smooth Surface and Vortex Interference[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(7):982-988.
[4]丁鹏,葛如海,李智,等.汽车自适应可调尾翼系统的研发[J].汽车工程,2017,39(8):895-899.DING Peng,GE Ruhai,LI Zhi,et al.Development of a Vehicular Adaptive Adjustable Rear Airfoil System[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(8):895-899.
[5]HOBEIKA T,SEBBEN S.CFD Investigation on Wheel Rotation Modelling[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2018,174:241-251.
[6]HWANG B G,LEE S,LEE E J,et al.Reduction of Drag in Heavy Vehicles with Two Different Types of Advanced Side Skirts[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2016,155:36-46.
[7]贾青,沙潇,杨志刚.前轮扰流板高度对复杂轿车风阻的影响[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):87-91.JIA Qing,SHA Xiao,YANG Zhigang.Influence of Front Wheel Spoiler Height on Complicated Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag[J].Journal of Tongji Univesity(Natural Science),2017,45(1):87-91.
[8]肖能,王小碧,王伟民,等.前扰流板对机舱进气量和车辆气动阻力的影响研究[J].汽车工程,2014,36(10):1254-1257.XIAO Neng,WANG Xiaobi,WANG Weimin,et al.A Study on the Influence of Front Spoiler Height on the Air Inflow of Engine Compartment and the Drag Coefficient of Vehicle[J].Automotive Engineering,2014,36(10):1254-1257.
[9]杨易,徐永康,沈夏威,等.基于气动升力的汽车底部流场改进[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(10):4063-4068.YANG Yi,XU Yongkang,SHEN Xiawei,et al.Improved Research of Automobile Underbody Flow Filed Based on Aerodynamic Lift[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(10):4063-4068.
[10]BRUNEAU C H,MORTAZAVI I.Numerical Modelling and Passive Flow Control Using Porous Media[J].Computers&Fluids,2008,37(5):488-498.
[11]BRUNEAU C H,CREUSE,DEPEYRAS D,et al.Coupling Active and Passive Techniques to Control the Flow Past the Square Back Ahmed Body[J].Computers&Fluids,2010,39(10):1875-1892.
[12]胡兴军,郭鹏,惠政,等.多孔介质对厢式货车气动特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2019,49(2):345-350.HU Xingjun,GUO Peng,HUI Zheng,et al.Effect of Porous Media on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Van-body Truck[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2019,49(2):345-350.
[13]张勇,潘正宇,谷正气,等.基于鲨鱼鳍的汽车车身仿生气动减阻研究[J].汽车工程,2017,39(9):1018-1024.ZHANG Yong,PAN Zhengyu,GU Zhengqi,et al.A research on Bionic Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of Vehicle Body Based on Shark Fins[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(9):1018-1024.
[14]KIM J J,KIM J,SANG J L.Substantial Drag Reduction of a Tractor-trailer Vehicle Using Gap Fairings[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2017,171:93-100.
[15]袁志群,谷正气,杨明智,等.底部结构对轿车侧风气动特性的影响分析[J].汽车工程,2017,39(1):28-34.YUAN Zhiqun,GU Zhengqi,YANG Mingzhi,et al.An Analysis on the Effects of Underbody Structure on Car Aerodynamic Characteristics in Crosswind[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(1):28-34.
[16]杨建国.基于离散气动系数的轿车瞬态侧风稳定性研究[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(4):549-554.YANG Jianguo.Research on Automotive Transient Crosswind Stability Based on Discrete Aerodynamic Coefficients[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(4):549-554.
[17]罗泽轩,谷正气,黄泰明,等.汽车侧风稳定性动态耦合方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2018,29(7):804-810.LUO Zexuan,GU Zhengqi,HUANG Taiming,et al.Research on Vehicle Stability under Crosswind Conditions by Dynamic Coupling Method[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2018,29(7):804-810.(编辑袁兴玲)