科举家族联姻与教育机会获得——基于清代浙江科举人物朱卷履历的考察
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摘要
科举考试制度为社会流动创设了通道,而教育条件是科举社会士子获取功名、实现上升流动的根本保障,科举家族联姻成为增进和共享教育资源的重要路径,文化资本则是科举联姻的首要匹配条件。考察《清代朱卷集成》浙江科举人物朱卷履历,可以发现科举家族联姻的"门当户对"特征,科举人物父母双方的家庭出身存在显著相关性。科举联姻一方面带来了母亲"庭训"教育机会,另一方面带来了家庭文化资本增量,以母舅、岳父为代表的姻亲在家族受业师中占有相当比例,这在更大范围为士子提供了获得教育的机会。
The imperial examination system has created a channel for social mobility, and the educational settings provided the fundamental guarantee for scholars in the imperial society to acquire fame and accomplish upward mobility. Allied marriages among imperial examination families became important paths to increase and share educational resources. Cultural capital was the primary matching condition for the allied marriages of imperial-examination families. A survey of Zhu-Juan resumes of Zhejiang imperial examination figures in "ZhuJuan Collection of Qing Dynasty" reveals that the marriage of the imperial examinations families is characterized by "matching families" and that there is a significant correlation between the family origins of the parents of the imperial examination figures. On the one hand, the marriage of imperial examinations brought educational opportunities of mother's "family Training", on the other hand, it also brought the increment of family cultural capital. The in-laws represented by mother, uncle and father-in-law accounted for a considerable proportion of family practitioners, which provided opportunities for scholars to obtain education in a larger range.
The imperial examination system has created a channel for social mobility, and the educational settings provided the fundamental guarantee for scholars in the imperial society to acquire fame and accomplish upward mobility. Allied marriages among imperial examination families became important paths to increase and share educational resources. Cultural capital was the primary matching condition for the allied marriages of imperial-examination families. A survey of Zhu-Juan resumes of Zhejiang imperial examination figures in "ZhuJuan Collection of Qing Dynasty" reveals that the marriage of the imperial examinations families is characterized by "matching families" and that there is a significant correlation between the family origins of the parents of the imperial examination figures. On the one hand, the marriage of imperial examinations brought educational opportunities of mother's "family Training", on the other hand, it also brought the increment of family cultural capital. The in-laws represented by mother, uncle and father-in-law accounted for a considerable proportion of family practitioners, which provided opportunities for scholars to obtain education in a larger range.
引文
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[2]李伟中,王先明.科举家族女性的社会角色[J].中国社会历史评论,2006(07):361-371.
[3]王旭东.门阀士族的婚姻习俗与门阀制度的盛衰[J].中州学刊,2004(03):85-87.
[4]吴成国.从婚姻论东晋南朝门阀制度的盛衰[J].江汉论坛,1997(09):68-72.
[5][德]马克斯·韦伯.儒教与道教[M].王容芬,译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2008:162.
[6]林上洪.“科举流动”争议中的标准和条件问题[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),2012(07):109-114.
[7]龚自珍.龚自珍全集[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975:514.
[8]徐雁平.清代文学世家联姻与地域文化传统的形成[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2011(06):25-31.
[9]郭松义.清代婚姻关系的变化与特点[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2000(02):39-49.
[10]张杰.清代科举家族[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003:128.
[11]费孝通.生育制度[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2014:58.
[12]顾廷龙.清代朱卷集成(共420册)[M].台北:成文出版社,1992.
[13]林上洪.母亲受教育状况对代际流动的影响--基于清代科举人物朱卷履历的分析[J].教育与考试,2012(05):41-46.
[14]朱伟珏.文化资本与人力资本--布迪厄文化资本理论的经济学意义[J].天津社会科学,2007(03):84-89.
[15]方芳.从《清代朱卷集成》管窥科举家族联姻特点--以孙家鼐家族为中心[J].莆田学院学报,2009(12):35-40.