小麦矮秆突变体矮秆基因的遗传分析
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摘要
目前在小麦中虽然已经命名了20余个矮秆基因,但小麦矮秆基因资源应用单一化的现状仍然存在,因此对小麦新矮源的筛选与研究显得十分必要。本研究以1个小麦矮秆突变体‘矮128’为材料,通过赤霉酸处理、遗传分析、基因等位性测验和DNA分子标记等手段分析了该矮秆突变体矮秆基因的性质及可能来源。结果表明:‘矮128’属赤霉酸不敏感型矮秆突变体,其矮秆性状受1对隐性基因控制,该基因与Rht8、Rht9、Rht13、RhtB1b(Rht1)、RhtD1b(Rht2)、RhtD1c(Rht10)和Rht16等矮秆基因不是等位基因,也不同于Rht4、Rht5、Rht8、Rht9、Rht12、Rht13等6个已知矮秆基因。尽管如此,‘矮128’中的矮秆基因是否为新的矮秆基因仍然需进一步的遗传分析加以明确。
More than twenty reduced-height(Rht)(or dwarfing)genes have been designated in wheat by far,however,only few Rht genes were successfully used in wheat breeding programs,thus making the genetic diversity of Rht genes in wheat very narrow.Therefore,it is of great importance to screen and make use of new Rht genetic resources for future necessity of wheat breeding programs.A dwarf wheat mutant(‘Ai 128')was analyzed in present study with gibberellin treatment,genetic analysis,allelism test and molecular marker assay to determine the nature and putative origin of the Rht gene in‘Ai 128'.The results showed that the dwarfing mutant is gibberellin-insensitive,and the dwarfing phenotype was controlled by one pair of recessive genes.Allelism test confirmed that the gene conferring the dwarfing trait in‘Ai 128'was not allelic to Rht8,Rht9,Rht13,RhtB1b(Rht1),RhtD1b(Rht2),RhtD1c(Rht10)and Rht16,and was also different to Rht4,Rht5,Rht8,Rht9,Rht12 and Rht13,assayed usingDNA markers linked with these known Rht genes.Nevertheless,whether the Rht gene in‘Ai128'is a new gene or not needs to be determined by further genetic analysis,such as construction of high-density molecular map using segregant populations derived from crosses of‘Ai128'with other taller-height wheat lines.
More than twenty reduced-height(Rht)(or dwarfing)genes have been designated in wheat by far,however,only few Rht genes were successfully used in wheat breeding programs,thus making the genetic diversity of Rht genes in wheat very narrow.Therefore,it is of great importance to screen and make use of new Rht genetic resources for future necessity of wheat breeding programs.A dwarf wheat mutant(‘Ai 128')was analyzed in present study with gibberellin treatment,genetic analysis,allelism test and molecular marker assay to determine the nature and putative origin of the Rht gene in‘Ai 128'.The results showed that the dwarfing mutant is gibberellin-insensitive,and the dwarfing phenotype was controlled by one pair of recessive genes.Allelism test confirmed that the gene conferring the dwarfing trait in‘Ai 128'was not allelic to Rht8,Rht9,Rht13,RhtB1b(Rht1),RhtD1b(Rht2),RhtD1c(Rht10)and Rht16,and was also different to Rht4,Rht5,Rht8,Rht9,Rht12 and Rht13,assayed usingDNA markers linked with these known Rht genes.Nevertheless,whether the Rht gene in‘Ai128'is a new gene or not needs to be determined by further genetic analysis,such as construction of high-density molecular map using segregant populations derived from crosses of‘Ai128'with other taller-height wheat lines.
引文
[1]Allan R E.Agromonic comparison between Rht1 and Rht2 semi-dwarf gene in winter wheat[J].Crop Science,1989,29:1103-1108.
[2]Rajaram S,Singh R P,Van M,et al.Breeding wheat for wide adaptation,rust resistance and drought tolerance[M].In:Kang MS(ed.)Crop Improvement for the 21st Century.Research Signpost,Kerala,1997:139-163.
[3]Evans LT.Crop evolution,adaptation,and yield[M].Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,UK,1993.
[4]何中虎,夏先春,陈新民,等.中国小麦育种进展与展望[J].作物学报,2011,37(2):202-215.
[5]Chen S,Gao R,Wang H,et al.Characterization of a novel reduced height gene(Rht23)regulating panicle morphology and plant architecture in bread wheat[J].Euphytica,2015,203(3):583-594.
[6]刘联正,周安定,曹俊梅,等.滴灌模式下矮秆基因对小麦部分农艺性状的效应[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(2):192-197.
[7]杨松杰,张晓科,何中虎,等.用STS标记检测矮秆基因Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b在中国小麦中的分布[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(8):1680-1688.
[8]韩利明,杨芳萍,夏先春,等.株高、粒重及抗病相关基因在不同国家小麦品种中的分布[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(5):824-831.
[9]杨芳萍,夏先春,张勇,等.春化、光周期和矮秆基因在不同国家小麦品种中的分布及其效应[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1155-1166.
[10]周阳,何中虎,张改生,等.用微卫星标记鉴定中国小麦品种中Rht8矮秆基因的分布[J].作物学报,2003,29(6):810-814.
[11]梁丹,杨芳萍,何中虎,等.利用STS标记检测CIMMYT小麦品种(系)中Lr34/Yr18、Rht-B1b和RhtD1b基因的分布[J].中国农业科学2009,42(1):17-27.
[12]Guedira M,Brown-Guedira G,van Sanford D,et al.Distribution of genes in modern and historic winter wheat cultivars from the eastern and central USA[J].Crop Science,2010,50:1811-1822.
[13]孙树贵,李艳丽,鲁敏,等.67份美国小麦品种矮秆基因的分子标记检测[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1087-1092.
[14]郭保宏.小麦矮秆遗传型对赤霉酸反应的初步研究[J].作物品种资源,1989(3):13-15.
[15]王小龙.小麦假病斑与农艺性状相关研究及QTL定位[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.
[16]Cao W,Fedak G,Somers D J,et al.A molecular marker closely linked to the region of Rht-D1c and Ms2genes in common wheat(Triticum aestivum)[J].Genome,2009,52(1):95-99.
[17]Jin X J,Sun D F,Yang H Y,et al.Characterization and molecular mapping of a dwarf mutant in wheat[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2013,12(3):3555-3565.
[18]Ellis M H,Rebetzake G J,Azanza F,et al.Molecular mapping of gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes in bread wheat[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2005,111:423-430.
[19]Ellis M H,Spielmeyer W,Gale K R et al.“Perfect”markers for the Rht-B1band Rht-D1bdwarfing genes in wheat[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2002,105:1038-1042.
[20]Li A,Yang W,Liu D,et al.Isolation of a gibberellininsensitive dwarfing gene,Rht-B1e,and development of an allele-specific PCR marker[J].Molecular Breeding,2012,30:1443-1451.
[21]唐娜,逯芳芳,何蓓如,等.矮秆基因对小麦部分农艺性状的效应[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(1):41-49.
[22]唐娜,姜莹,何蓓如,等.赤霉素敏感性不同矮秆基因对小麦胚芽鞘长度和株高的效应[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(11):3774-3784.
[23]Bai G H,Das M K,Carver B F,et al.Covariation for microsatellite marker alleles associated with Rht8 and coleoptile length in winter wheat[J].Crop Science,2004,44:1187-1194.
[24]Ellis M H,Rebetzke G J,Chandler P,et al.The effect of different height reducing genes on the early growth of wheat[J].Functional Plant Biology,2004,31(6):583-589.
[25]Singh K,Khanna-Chopra R.Physiology and QTL analysis of coleoptile length,a trait for drought tolerance in wheat[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2010,37(2):1-9.
[26]Rebetzke G J,Richards R A.Gibberellic acid-sensitive dwarfing genes reduce plant height to increase kernel number and grain yield of wheat[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2000,51:235-45.
[27]Rebetzke G J,Richards R A,Fischer V M,et al.Breeding long coleoptile,reduced height wheats[J].Euphytica,1999,106:159-168.
[28]Li G Q,Bai G H,Carver B F,et al.Genome-wide association study reveals genetic architecture of coleoptile length in wheat[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2017,130(2):391-401.
[29]Ma P,Xu H,Li L et al.Characterization of a new Pm2allele conferring powdery mildew resistance in the wheat germplasm line FG-1[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,26,7:546.
[30]Lu Y,Xing L P,Xing S J,et al.Characterization of a putative new semi-dominant reduced height gene,Rht_NM9,in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Journal of Genetics and Genomics,2015,42(12):685-698.
[2]Rajaram S,Singh R P,Van M,et al.Breeding wheat for wide adaptation,rust resistance and drought tolerance[M].In:Kang MS(ed.)Crop Improvement for the 21st Century.Research Signpost,Kerala,1997:139-163.
[3]Evans LT.Crop evolution,adaptation,and yield[M].Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,UK,1993.
[4]何中虎,夏先春,陈新民,等.中国小麦育种进展与展望[J].作物学报,2011,37(2):202-215.
[5]Chen S,Gao R,Wang H,et al.Characterization of a novel reduced height gene(Rht23)regulating panicle morphology and plant architecture in bread wheat[J].Euphytica,2015,203(3):583-594.
[6]刘联正,周安定,曹俊梅,等.滴灌模式下矮秆基因对小麦部分农艺性状的效应[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(2):192-197.
[7]杨松杰,张晓科,何中虎,等.用STS标记检测矮秆基因Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b在中国小麦中的分布[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(8):1680-1688.
[8]韩利明,杨芳萍,夏先春,等.株高、粒重及抗病相关基因在不同国家小麦品种中的分布[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(5):824-831.
[9]杨芳萍,夏先春,张勇,等.春化、光周期和矮秆基因在不同国家小麦品种中的分布及其效应[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1155-1166.
[10]周阳,何中虎,张改生,等.用微卫星标记鉴定中国小麦品种中Rht8矮秆基因的分布[J].作物学报,2003,29(6):810-814.
[11]梁丹,杨芳萍,何中虎,等.利用STS标记检测CIMMYT小麦品种(系)中Lr34/Yr18、Rht-B1b和RhtD1b基因的分布[J].中国农业科学2009,42(1):17-27.
[12]Guedira M,Brown-Guedira G,van Sanford D,et al.Distribution of genes in modern and historic winter wheat cultivars from the eastern and central USA[J].Crop Science,2010,50:1811-1822.
[13]孙树贵,李艳丽,鲁敏,等.67份美国小麦品种矮秆基因的分子标记检测[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1087-1092.
[14]郭保宏.小麦矮秆遗传型对赤霉酸反应的初步研究[J].作物品种资源,1989(3):13-15.
[15]王小龙.小麦假病斑与农艺性状相关研究及QTL定位[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.
[16]Cao W,Fedak G,Somers D J,et al.A molecular marker closely linked to the region of Rht-D1c and Ms2genes in common wheat(Triticum aestivum)[J].Genome,2009,52(1):95-99.
[17]Jin X J,Sun D F,Yang H Y,et al.Characterization and molecular mapping of a dwarf mutant in wheat[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2013,12(3):3555-3565.
[18]Ellis M H,Rebetzake G J,Azanza F,et al.Molecular mapping of gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes in bread wheat[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2005,111:423-430.
[19]Ellis M H,Spielmeyer W,Gale K R et al.“Perfect”markers for the Rht-B1band Rht-D1bdwarfing genes in wheat[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2002,105:1038-1042.
[20]Li A,Yang W,Liu D,et al.Isolation of a gibberellininsensitive dwarfing gene,Rht-B1e,and development of an allele-specific PCR marker[J].Molecular Breeding,2012,30:1443-1451.
[21]唐娜,逯芳芳,何蓓如,等.矮秆基因对小麦部分农艺性状的效应[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(1):41-49.
[22]唐娜,姜莹,何蓓如,等.赤霉素敏感性不同矮秆基因对小麦胚芽鞘长度和株高的效应[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(11):3774-3784.
[23]Bai G H,Das M K,Carver B F,et al.Covariation for microsatellite marker alleles associated with Rht8 and coleoptile length in winter wheat[J].Crop Science,2004,44:1187-1194.
[24]Ellis M H,Rebetzke G J,Chandler P,et al.The effect of different height reducing genes on the early growth of wheat[J].Functional Plant Biology,2004,31(6):583-589.
[25]Singh K,Khanna-Chopra R.Physiology and QTL analysis of coleoptile length,a trait for drought tolerance in wheat[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2010,37(2):1-9.
[26]Rebetzke G J,Richards R A.Gibberellic acid-sensitive dwarfing genes reduce plant height to increase kernel number and grain yield of wheat[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2000,51:235-45.
[27]Rebetzke G J,Richards R A,Fischer V M,et al.Breeding long coleoptile,reduced height wheats[J].Euphytica,1999,106:159-168.
[28]Li G Q,Bai G H,Carver B F,et al.Genome-wide association study reveals genetic architecture of coleoptile length in wheat[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2017,130(2):391-401.
[29]Ma P,Xu H,Li L et al.Characterization of a new Pm2allele conferring powdery mildew resistance in the wheat germplasm line FG-1[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,26,7:546.
[30]Lu Y,Xing L P,Xing S J,et al.Characterization of a putative new semi-dominant reduced height gene,Rht_NM9,in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Journal of Genetics and Genomics,2015,42(12):685-698.