基于GIS的小麦籽粒品质空间分布特征和影响因子分析
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摘要
【目的】分析小麦籽粒品质不同年份空间分布特征和变化规律,以及影响籽粒品质的因子。【方法】选用种植时间长、范围广的济麦22,利用地理信息系统(GIS)选择最优模型,绘制其2010—2015年6省历年籽粒品质空间分布图,筛选籽粒形成期的温、光、水和经纬度关键因子。【结果】不同年份、麦区间小麦籽粒品质存在差异,变异系数为蛋白质含量>硬度>容重。籽粒硬度6年总趋势呈东北低西南高分布,并逐年下降,不同年份、纬度间呈多态分布,华北北部强筋麦区(Ⅰ)和黄淮北部强筋中筋麦区(Ⅱ)多数年份高于黄淮南部中筋麦区(Ⅲ),硬度与灌浆期总降水、成熟期总降水、成熟期光照数和纬度呈显著负相关,其中灌浆期总降水和纬度是主要因子。容重总体也呈东北低西南高分布,并逐年小幅上升,其中2013年明显低于其他年份,黄淮北部强筋中筋麦区(Ⅱ)西部和中部多数年份好于其他区域,其与成熟期平均温度、≥10℃积温、日较差和灌浆期日较差呈显著正相关,而成熟期日较差是主要因子。蛋白质含量总趋势呈东北高西南低分布,并逐年下降,6年间多呈带状分布,北方整体高于南方,纬度是主要影响因子。【结论】灌浆期总降水、成熟期气温日较差和纬度是影响籽粒品质不同年份空间分布变化的主要因子。灌浆期总降水逐年下降及纬度间变化不规律导致籽粒硬度下降并呈多态分布;受成熟期气温日较差影响容重逐年小幅上升并区域间变化;受纬度影响蛋白质含量年份间分布规律一致。黄淮北部强筋中筋麦区(Ⅱ)中冀、鲁、豫交界处灌浆期总降水较低、成熟期日较差大,有利于籽粒品质提高。
【Objective】The aim to the study is to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics regularities of wheat grain quality and impaction factors.【Method】The Jimai 22 was selected because it was cultivated for long time and a wide range in China. And then by using geographical information systems(GIS) to select the optimal model, wheat grain quality spatial distribution of 6 provinces were drawn from 2010 to 2015. The key factors should be screened in water, temperature, light, longitude and latitude with correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis during kernel formation stage.【Result】There were distinct differences in wheat grain quality around difference years and wheat production areas. The coefficient variation of wheat quality was the grain protein content>wheat hardness>test weight. The general spatial distribution trend of wheat hardness was low in the Northeast and high in the Southwest, and then the hardness was decreased year by year in the 6 years. Meanwhile, the spatial distributions of wheat hardness were different in those years, which were from west towards east, north to south and inner side towards outer side. In most years, the wheat hardness of strong gluten wheat region in northern part of North China(Ⅰ) and strong-medium gluten wheat region of Northern Huang-Huai Region(Ⅱ) was better than that of medium gluten wheat region of Southern Huang-Huai Region(Ⅲ). The wheat hardness was significant negative correlation with total rainfall at filling stage, total rainfall at maturity stage, mean light hours at maturity stage and latitude, moreover total rainfall at filling stage and latitude were main factors. The overall spatial distribution trend of test weight was low in Northeast and high in Southwest in those years. The test weight showed a slowly increasing trend year by year, but the test weight of 2013 was below to other years. While the wheat weight of westward and center in the Ⅱ was better than other regions. The test weight had the significant positive correlation with diurnal temperature range at maturity stage, mean temperature at maturity stage, ≥10℃ effective cumulative temperature at maturity stage and diurnal temperature range at filling stage, meanwhile diurnal temperature range at maturity stage was the main factor. The general spatial distribution trend of the grain protein content was high in Northeast and low in Southwest in the 6 years. The grain protein content had downward trend with those passing years. Most of years, the distribution of the protein content was zonal, which in the north area was integrally higher than south with the main factor latitude.【Conclusion】The main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of kernel quality were total rainfall at filling stage, diurnal temperature range at maturity stage and latitude. The wheat hardness showed a decreasing trend for the increasing of total rainfall at filling stage year by year. And then the spatial distributions of wheat hardness were manifold, because of irregular change with total rainfall at filling stage and different latitude. Due to change of diurnal temperature range at maturity stage, the spatial distributions of wheat weight had a slowly increasing, and the test weight had change at different region year by year. The grain protein content had increasing trend for the rising of latitude, which had basically consistent distributions in most year. The junction area of Hebei province, Shandong province and Henan province with lower total rainfall at filling stage and higher diurnal temperature range at maturity stage, should be conducive to improving grain quality of wheat, where belong to strong gluten wheat and medium gluten wheat producing areas in Huang-Huai Northern region.
【Objective】The aim to the study is to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics regularities of wheat grain quality and impaction factors.【Method】The Jimai 22 was selected because it was cultivated for long time and a wide range in China. And then by using geographical information systems(GIS) to select the optimal model, wheat grain quality spatial distribution of 6 provinces were drawn from 2010 to 2015. The key factors should be screened in water, temperature, light, longitude and latitude with correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis during kernel formation stage.【Result】There were distinct differences in wheat grain quality around difference years and wheat production areas. The coefficient variation of wheat quality was the grain protein content>wheat hardness>test weight. The general spatial distribution trend of wheat hardness was low in the Northeast and high in the Southwest, and then the hardness was decreased year by year in the 6 years. Meanwhile, the spatial distributions of wheat hardness were different in those years, which were from west towards east, north to south and inner side towards outer side. In most years, the wheat hardness of strong gluten wheat region in northern part of North China(Ⅰ) and strong-medium gluten wheat region of Northern Huang-Huai Region(Ⅱ) was better than that of medium gluten wheat region of Southern Huang-Huai Region(Ⅲ). The wheat hardness was significant negative correlation with total rainfall at filling stage, total rainfall at maturity stage, mean light hours at maturity stage and latitude, moreover total rainfall at filling stage and latitude were main factors. The overall spatial distribution trend of test weight was low in Northeast and high in Southwest in those years. The test weight showed a slowly increasing trend year by year, but the test weight of 2013 was below to other years. While the wheat weight of westward and center in the Ⅱ was better than other regions. The test weight had the significant positive correlation with diurnal temperature range at maturity stage, mean temperature at maturity stage, ≥10℃ effective cumulative temperature at maturity stage and diurnal temperature range at filling stage, meanwhile diurnal temperature range at maturity stage was the main factor. The general spatial distribution trend of the grain protein content was high in Northeast and low in Southwest in the 6 years. The grain protein content had downward trend with those passing years. Most of years, the distribution of the protein content was zonal, which in the north area was integrally higher than south with the main factor latitude.【Conclusion】The main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of kernel quality were total rainfall at filling stage, diurnal temperature range at maturity stage and latitude. The wheat hardness showed a decreasing trend for the increasing of total rainfall at filling stage year by year. And then the spatial distributions of wheat hardness were manifold, because of irregular change with total rainfall at filling stage and different latitude. Due to change of diurnal temperature range at maturity stage, the spatial distributions of wheat weight had a slowly increasing, and the test weight had change at different region year by year. The grain protein content had increasing trend for the rising of latitude, which had basically consistent distributions in most year. The junction area of Hebei province, Shandong province and Henan province with lower total rainfall at filling stage and higher diurnal temperature range at maturity stage, should be conducive to improving grain quality of wheat, where belong to strong gluten wheat and medium gluten wheat producing areas in Huang-Huai Northern region.
引文
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