中国国家公园利益相关者价值共创DART模型构建
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摘要
中国自2015年建立首个三江源国家公园试点区以来,迄今已建立了10个国家公园体制试点并逐步完善了相应的管理体制和运营机制,有效解决了原有保护地体系存在的多头碎片化管理和过度开发利用等问题。由于各国家公园试点区覆盖面积广、涵盖多种传统保护地类型,所涉及的利益相关者数量众多且关系复杂,因而在利益协调上存在较大难度,而协调好各利益方的利益关系将是国家公园发展成功与否的关键。基于此,在介绍有关利益相关者和价值共创理论背景的基础上,分析了我国国家公园各利益相关者进行价值共创的必要性和可行性,总结了其在利益相关者价值共创探索与实践中的经验和不足,据此提出了构建价值共创DART模型的具体建议。
Since the establishment of the first pilot of ThreeRiver-Source National Park in 2015, China has established 10 pilot national parks and gradually improved series of management systems and operational mechanisms which have effectively solved the problems of multi-departments management, over-exploitation and utilization, etc., in the original protection system, and have achieved good results. However, these pilot national parks cover a large area, include diverse original protected areas, the number of stakeholders involved is large and the relationship is complex.Therefore, there will be greater difficulty in coordination of various interests. And the coordination of stakeholder relationships will be the key to the success of national park development. Based on this, the paper introduced the background of stakeholder theory and value co-creation theory, analyzed the necessity and feasibility of the value co-creation of the national parks in China, summarized the experiences and shortcomings in the exploration and practice of stakeholder coordination, and put forward specific suggestions for constructing the value co-creation DART model.
Since the establishment of the first pilot of ThreeRiver-Source National Park in 2015, China has established 10 pilot national parks and gradually improved series of management systems and operational mechanisms which have effectively solved the problems of multi-departments management, over-exploitation and utilization, etc., in the original protection system, and have achieved good results. However, these pilot national parks cover a large area, include diverse original protected areas, the number of stakeholders involved is large and the relationship is complex.Therefore, there will be greater difficulty in coordination of various interests. And the coordination of stakeholder relationships will be the key to the success of national park development. Based on this, the paper introduced the background of stakeholder theory and value co-creation theory, analyzed the necessity and feasibility of the value co-creation of the national parks in China, summarized the experiences and shortcomings in the exploration and practice of stakeholder coordination, and put forward specific suggestions for constructing the value co-creation DART model.
引文
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[2]宋瑞.我国生态旅游利益相关者分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2005,15(1):39-44.
[3]吴振宇.利益相关者共生视角下昆曲保护性旅游开发研究[D].徐州:江苏师范大学,2017.
[4]黄昆.利益相关者理论在旅游地可持续发展中的应用研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[5]周大庆.旅游景区治理绩效:政府与利益相关者的博弈[J].经济地理,2013,33(8):188-192.
[6]张安民,梁留科,李永文.旅游新景区开发的利益相关者博弈分析:以平顶山清水河景区为例[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(11):1041-1044.
[7]张玉钧,曹韧,张英云.自然保护区生态旅游利益主体研究:以北京松山自然保护区为例[J].中南林业科技大学学报:社会科学版,2012,6(3):6-11.
[8]吕宛青,张冬,杜靖川.基于知识图谱的旅游利益相关者研究进展及创新分析[J].资源开发与市场,2018,34(4):582-586.
[9]刘少艾,卢长宝.价值共创:景区游客管理理念转向及创新路径[J].人文地理,2016,31(4):135-142.
[10]Prahalad C K,Ramaswamy V.Co-creation Unique Value with Customers[J].Strategic and Leadership,2004(3):4-9.
[11]李丽娟.旅游体验价值共创研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[12]Kirsten F.New Paradigms in Marketing and its contribution to Sustainable Tourism Management[D].Hong Kong:The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2011.
[13]李丽娟.旅游体验价值共创影响机理研究:以北京香山公园为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,28(3):96-100.
[14]柴国强.非政府组织在三江源国家公园建设中的必要性分析[J].江苏科技信息,2017(15):68-70.
[15]方维慰.我国政府信息公开研究进展的述评[J].中国行政管理,2013(12):111-115.
[16]杨凤英,宋洁.大力推进政府信息公开制度的实施[J].理论探索,2010(1):110-112.
[17]鹿奇.西湖遗产地利益相关者利益协调机制研究[D].杭州:杭州电子科技大学,2015.