葫芦虫化石在寒武纪关山生物群中的发现及其意义
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摘要
报道产自昆明高楼房的寒武纪早期关山生物群中的葫芦虫化石,这是该类动物在全球的第三例化石记录。葫芦虫化石在关山生物群的发现对了解该类动物以及寒武纪动物群生态和演化等均有着重要意义。
A single individual of sicyophorids is discovered from the early Cambrian Guanshan biota in Yunnan,South China.The new finding represents the third occurrence of sicyophorids following the Chengjiang Lagersttte(Cambrian Series Ⅱ,Stage 3)and the Kaili Lagersttte(Cambrian Series Ⅲ,Stage 4),providing new information of the lifestyle and evolution of this animal group.Limited geographic distribution of sicyophorids indicates that this group is probably an endemic clade of the Cambrian fauna.
A single individual of sicyophorids is discovered from the early Cambrian Guanshan biota in Yunnan,South China.The new finding represents the third occurrence of sicyophorids following the Chengjiang Lagersttte(Cambrian Series Ⅱ,Stage 3)and the Kaili Lagersttte(Cambrian Series Ⅲ,Stage 4),providing new information of the lifestyle and evolution of this animal group.Limited geographic distribution of sicyophorids indicates that this group is probably an endemic clade of the Cambrian fauna.
引文
Chen Liang-zhong(陈良忠),Luo Hui-lin(罗惠麟),Hu Shi-xue(胡世学),Yin Ji-yun(尹继云),Jiang Zhi-wen(蒋志文),Wu Zhi-liang(吴志亮),Li Feng(李峰),Chen Ai-lin(陈爱林),2002.Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in Eastern Yunnan,China.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—228(in Chinese with English summary).
Dong X P,Bengtson S,Gostling N J,Cunningham J A,Harvey T H P,Kouchinsky A,Val'Kov A K,Repetski J E,Stampanoni M,Donoghue P C J,2010.The anatomy,taphonomy,taxonomy and systematic affinity of Markuelia:early Cambrian to Early Ordovician scalidophorans.Palaeontology,53:1291—1314.
Harvey T H P,Dong X P,Donoghue P C J,2010.Are palaeoscole-cids ancestral ecdysozoans?Evolution and Development,12:177—200.
Hou Xian-guang(侯先光),Bergstr?m J,Wang Hai-feng(王海峰),Feng Xiang-hong(冯向红),Chen Ai-lin(陈爱林),1999.The Chengjiang Fauna-Exceptionally Well-preserved Animals 530 Million Years Ago.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—170(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hou Xian-guang,David J S,Derek J S,Richard J A,Cong Pei-yun,Sarah E G,Ma Xiao-ya,Mark A P,Mark W,2017.The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang,China:The Flowering of Early Animal Life(Second Edition).UK:Wiley-Blackwell.1—316.
Hu S X,Li Y,Luo H L,Fu X P,You T,Pang J Y,Liu Q,Sterner M,2008.New record of palaeoscolecids from the Early Cambrian of Yunnan,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,82:244—248.
Hu S X,Steiner M,Zhu M Y,Luo H L,Forchielli A,Keupp H,Zhao F C,Liu Q,2012.A new priapulid assemblage from the early Cambrian Guanshan fossil Lagerst?tte of SW China.Bulletin of Geosciences,87:93—106.
Hu Shi-xue(胡世学),Zhu Mao-yan(朱茂炎),Luo Hui-lin(罗惠麟),Michael S,Zhao Fang-chen(赵方臣),Li Guo-xiang(李国祥),Liu Qi(刘琦),Zhang Zhi-fei(张志飞),2013.The Guanshan Biota.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—205(in Chinese with English summary).
Hu Shi-xue,Zhu Mao-yan,Steiner M,Luo Hui-lin,Zhao Fang-chen,2010.Biodiversity and taphonomy of the Early Cambrian Guanshan biota,eastern Yunnan.Science China-Earth Sciences,53:1165—1173.
Hu S X,Zhu M Y,Zhao F C,Steiner M,2017.A crown group priapulid from the early Cambrian Guanshan Lagerst?tte.Geological Magazine,154:1329—1333.
Huang D Y,2005.Early Cambrian worms from SW China:Morpho-logy,systematics,lifestyle and evolutionary significance.Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis.Lyon:University Lyon 1.1—245.
Lei Q P,Han J,Ou Q,Wan X Q,2014.Sedentary habits of anthozoa-like animals in the Chengjiang Lagerst?tte:adaptive strategies for Phanerozoic-style soft substrates.Gondwana Research,25:966—974.
Liu J N,Han J,Li J S,Li J,2016.New localities and palaeoscolecid worms from the Cambrian (Stage 4,Series 2) Guanshan biota in Kunming,Yunnan,South China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),90(6):1939—1945.
Luo Hui-lin(罗惠麟),Hu Shi-xue(胡世学),Chen Liang-zhong(陈良忠),Zhang Shi-shan(张世山),Tao Yong-he(陶永和),1999.Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna from Kunming Region,China.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—129(in Chinese with English summary).
Luo Hui-lin(罗惠麟),Li Yong(李勇),Hu Shi-xue(胡世学),Fu Xiao-ping(傅晓平),Hou Shu-guang(侯蜀光),Liu Xing-yao(刘兴尧),Li Feng-jun(李锋军),Pang Ji-yuan(庞纪院),Liu Qi(刘琦),2008.Early Cambrian Malong Fauna and Guanshan Fauna from Eastern Yunnan,China.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—134(in Chinese with English summary).
Ma X Y,Aldridge R J,Siveter D J,Siveter D J,Hou X G,Edgecombe G D,2014.A new exceptionally preserved Cambrian priapulid from the Chengjiang Lagerst?tte.Journal of Paleontology,88:371—384.
Ma X Y,Hou X G,Baines D,2010.Phylogeny and evolutionary significance of vermiform animals from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerst?tte.Science China:Earth Sciences,53:1774—83.
Maas A,Huang D Y,Chen J Y,Waloszek D,Braun A,2007.Maotianshan-Shale nemathelminths—Morphology,biology,and the phylogeny of nemathelminthes.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,254:288—306.
Wills M A,1998.Cambrian and recent disparity:The picture from priapulids.Paleobiology,24:177—199.
Wills M A,Gerber S,Ruta M,Hughes M,2012.The disparity of priapulid,archaeopriapulid and palaeoscolecid worms in the light of new data.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,25:2056—2076.
Zhao Yuan-long(赵元龙),Zhu Mao-yan(朱茂炎),Babcock L E,Peng Jin(彭进),2011.The Kaili Biota:Marine Organisms from 508 Million Years Ago.Guiyang:Guizhou Science and Technology Press.1—251(in Chinese with English summary).
Zhao Y L,Zhu M Y,Babcock L E,Yuan J L,Parsley R L,Peng J,Yang X L,Wang Y,2005.Kaili Biota:A Taphonomic Window on Diversification of Metazoans from the Basal Middle Cam-brian:Guizhou,China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),79(6):751—765.
Zhu Mao-yan(朱茂炎),2010.The origin and Cambrian Explosion of animals:Fossil evidences from China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica(古生物学报),49(3):269—287(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dong X P,Bengtson S,Gostling N J,Cunningham J A,Harvey T H P,Kouchinsky A,Val'Kov A K,Repetski J E,Stampanoni M,Donoghue P C J,2010.The anatomy,taphonomy,taxonomy and systematic affinity of Markuelia:early Cambrian to Early Ordovician scalidophorans.Palaeontology,53:1291—1314.
Harvey T H P,Dong X P,Donoghue P C J,2010.Are palaeoscole-cids ancestral ecdysozoans?Evolution and Development,12:177—200.
Hou Xian-guang(侯先光),Bergstr?m J,Wang Hai-feng(王海峰),Feng Xiang-hong(冯向红),Chen Ai-lin(陈爱林),1999.The Chengjiang Fauna-Exceptionally Well-preserved Animals 530 Million Years Ago.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—170(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hou Xian-guang,David J S,Derek J S,Richard J A,Cong Pei-yun,Sarah E G,Ma Xiao-ya,Mark A P,Mark W,2017.The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang,China:The Flowering of Early Animal Life(Second Edition).UK:Wiley-Blackwell.1—316.
Hu S X,Li Y,Luo H L,Fu X P,You T,Pang J Y,Liu Q,Sterner M,2008.New record of palaeoscolecids from the Early Cambrian of Yunnan,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,82:244—248.
Hu S X,Steiner M,Zhu M Y,Luo H L,Forchielli A,Keupp H,Zhao F C,Liu Q,2012.A new priapulid assemblage from the early Cambrian Guanshan fossil Lagerst?tte of SW China.Bulletin of Geosciences,87:93—106.
Hu Shi-xue(胡世学),Zhu Mao-yan(朱茂炎),Luo Hui-lin(罗惠麟),Michael S,Zhao Fang-chen(赵方臣),Li Guo-xiang(李国祥),Liu Qi(刘琦),Zhang Zhi-fei(张志飞),2013.The Guanshan Biota.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—205(in Chinese with English summary).
Hu Shi-xue,Zhu Mao-yan,Steiner M,Luo Hui-lin,Zhao Fang-chen,2010.Biodiversity and taphonomy of the Early Cambrian Guanshan biota,eastern Yunnan.Science China-Earth Sciences,53:1165—1173.
Hu S X,Zhu M Y,Zhao F C,Steiner M,2017.A crown group priapulid from the early Cambrian Guanshan Lagerst?tte.Geological Magazine,154:1329—1333.
Huang D Y,2005.Early Cambrian worms from SW China:Morpho-logy,systematics,lifestyle and evolutionary significance.Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis.Lyon:University Lyon 1.1—245.
Lei Q P,Han J,Ou Q,Wan X Q,2014.Sedentary habits of anthozoa-like animals in the Chengjiang Lagerst?tte:adaptive strategies for Phanerozoic-style soft substrates.Gondwana Research,25:966—974.
Liu J N,Han J,Li J S,Li J,2016.New localities and palaeoscolecid worms from the Cambrian (Stage 4,Series 2) Guanshan biota in Kunming,Yunnan,South China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),90(6):1939—1945.
Luo Hui-lin(罗惠麟),Hu Shi-xue(胡世学),Chen Liang-zhong(陈良忠),Zhang Shi-shan(张世山),Tao Yong-he(陶永和),1999.Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna from Kunming Region,China.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—129(in Chinese with English summary).
Luo Hui-lin(罗惠麟),Li Yong(李勇),Hu Shi-xue(胡世学),Fu Xiao-ping(傅晓平),Hou Shu-guang(侯蜀光),Liu Xing-yao(刘兴尧),Li Feng-jun(李锋军),Pang Ji-yuan(庞纪院),Liu Qi(刘琦),2008.Early Cambrian Malong Fauna and Guanshan Fauna from Eastern Yunnan,China.Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press.1—134(in Chinese with English summary).
Ma X Y,Aldridge R J,Siveter D J,Siveter D J,Hou X G,Edgecombe G D,2014.A new exceptionally preserved Cambrian priapulid from the Chengjiang Lagerst?tte.Journal of Paleontology,88:371—384.
Ma X Y,Hou X G,Baines D,2010.Phylogeny and evolutionary significance of vermiform animals from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerst?tte.Science China:Earth Sciences,53:1774—83.
Maas A,Huang D Y,Chen J Y,Waloszek D,Braun A,2007.Maotianshan-Shale nemathelminths—Morphology,biology,and the phylogeny of nemathelminthes.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,254:288—306.
Wills M A,1998.Cambrian and recent disparity:The picture from priapulids.Paleobiology,24:177—199.
Wills M A,Gerber S,Ruta M,Hughes M,2012.The disparity of priapulid,archaeopriapulid and palaeoscolecid worms in the light of new data.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,25:2056—2076.
Zhao Yuan-long(赵元龙),Zhu Mao-yan(朱茂炎),Babcock L E,Peng Jin(彭进),2011.The Kaili Biota:Marine Organisms from 508 Million Years Ago.Guiyang:Guizhou Science and Technology Press.1—251(in Chinese with English summary).
Zhao Y L,Zhu M Y,Babcock L E,Yuan J L,Parsley R L,Peng J,Yang X L,Wang Y,2005.Kaili Biota:A Taphonomic Window on Diversification of Metazoans from the Basal Middle Cam-brian:Guizhou,China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),79(6):751—765.
Zhu Mao-yan(朱茂炎),2010.The origin and Cambrian Explosion of animals:Fossil evidences from China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica(古生物学报),49(3):269—287(in Chinese with English abstract).