空气污染视角下中国工业能源环境效率的空间效应及其影响因素研究
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摘要
工业能源消耗是温室气体排放的主要来源,提高工业能源环境效率是缓解当前气候变化问题的重要途径.从空气污染的视角出发,将工业CO_2、工业SO_2和工业PM_(10)3种污染物排放作为非期望产出,采用非径向方向距离函数测算了1998-2014年中国30个省域的工业能源环境效率,检验了其空间相关性并通过空间计量回归模型分析了中国工业能源环境效率的主要影响因素.研究结果表明:中国工业能源环境效率整体处于上升趋势,但区域差异显著,东部和中部地区的工业能源环境效率显著高于西部地区;中国工业能源环境效率存在正向空间相关性,西部多数省域处于低集聚区;环境规制是影响中国工业能源环境效率的重要因素,应协同推动经济高质量发展与生态环境高水平保护,改善能源消费结构和国有企业股份制改革,有助于提高中国工业行业的能源环境效率.
Industrial energy consumption is the main source of greenhouse gas emission, and it is an important way for mitigating the current climate change to improve the industrial energy environment efficiency. Focusing on air emissions and taking industrial CO_2, SO_2 and PM_(10) emissions as undesired outputs, this paper uses the non-radial directional distance function to measure China's industrial energy environmental efficiency in 30 provinces from 1998 to 2014 and employs a spatial econometric regression model to analyze its spatial autocorrelation and influencing factors. The research results show that China's industrial energy environment efficiency presents an upward trend as a whole, however, significant differences exist in different regions, with the industrial energy environment efficiency of the eastern and central regions significantly higher than that of the western regions; that China's industrial energy environment efficiency has a significant positive spatial correlation, and most provinces of the western region exhibit a low-low assemble; that environmental regulations are an important influencing factor for China's industrial energy environment efficiency, and China should promote a high-quality economic development and a high-level protection of the ecological environment coordinately; and that the improvement of energy consumption structure and the shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises can help to increase China's industrial energy environment efficiency.
Industrial energy consumption is the main source of greenhouse gas emission, and it is an important way for mitigating the current climate change to improve the industrial energy environment efficiency. Focusing on air emissions and taking industrial CO_2, SO_2 and PM_(10) emissions as undesired outputs, this paper uses the non-radial directional distance function to measure China's industrial energy environmental efficiency in 30 provinces from 1998 to 2014 and employs a spatial econometric regression model to analyze its spatial autocorrelation and influencing factors. The research results show that China's industrial energy environment efficiency presents an upward trend as a whole, however, significant differences exist in different regions, with the industrial energy environment efficiency of the eastern and central regions significantly higher than that of the western regions; that China's industrial energy environment efficiency has a significant positive spatial correlation, and most provinces of the western region exhibit a low-low assemble; that environmental regulations are an important influencing factor for China's industrial energy environment efficiency, and China should promote a high-quality economic development and a high-level protection of the ecological environment coordinately; and that the improvement of energy consumption structure and the shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises can help to increase China's industrial energy environment efficiency.
引文
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[29] 宋健,赵怡芳.京津冀能源消费碳排放分解比较研究 [J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018,32(2):141-148.
[2] ZHOU N,LEVINE M D,PRICE L.Overview of Current Energy-Efficiency Policies in China [J].Energy Policy,2010,38(11):6439-6452.
[3] WANG K,WEI Y M.China's Regional Industrial Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions Abatement Costs [J].Applied Energy,2014,130:617-631.
[4] LIU F L,ANG B W.Eight Methods for Decomposing the Aggregate Energy-Intensity of Industry [J].Applied Energy,2003,76(1-3):15-23.
[5] ANG B W,LIU F L,CHUNG H S.A Generalized Fisher Index Approach to Energy Decomposition Analysis [J].Energy Economics,2004,26(5):757-763.
[6] JENNE C A,CATTELL R K.Structural Change and Energy Efficiency in Industry [J].Energy Economics,1983,5(2):114-123.
[7] 王锋,冯根福.基于DEA窗口模型的中国省际能源与环境效率评估 [J].中国工业经济,2013(7):56-68.
[8] 冯博,王雪青.中国建筑业能源经济效率与能源环境效率研究——基于SBM模型和面板Tobit模型的两阶段分析 [J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2015,17(1):14-22.
[9] CHUNG Y H,F?RE R,GROSSKOPF S.Productivity and Undesirable Outputs:A Directional Distance Function Approach [J].Journal of Environmental Management,1997,51(3):229-240.
[10] ZHOU P,ANG B W,WANG H.Energy and CO2 Emission Performance in Electricity Generation:A Non-Radial Directional Distance Function Approach [J].European Journal of Operational Research,2012,221(3):625-635.
[11] FUKUYAMA H,WEBER W L.A Slacks-Based Inefficiency Measure for a Two-Stage System with Bad Outputs [J].Omega,2010,38(5):398-409.
[12] 林伯强,刘泓汛.对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率——以中国工业行业为例 [J].经济研究,2015,50(9):127-141.
[13] 张伟,吴文元.基于环境绩效的长三角都市圈全要素能源效率研究 [J].经济研究,2011,46(10):95-109.
[14] 李敏,何红弟.上海市大气环境中PM2.5与其他污染物相关性研究 [J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(10):127-134.
[15] HERRERIAS M J,CUADROS A,ORTS V.Energy Intensity and Investment Ownership Across Chinese Provinces [J].Energy Economics,2013,36(3):286-298.
[16] DU H,MATISOFF D C,WANG Y Y,et al.Understanding Drivers of Energy Efficiency Changes in China [J].Applied Energy,2016,184:1196.1206.
[17] JAFFE A B,PALMER K.Environmental Regulation and Innovation:A Panel Data Study [J].Review of Economics & Statistics,1997,79(4):610-619.
[18] WANG K,LU B,WEI Y M.China's Regional Energy and Environmental Efficiency:A Range-Adjusted Measure Based Analysis [J].Applied Energy,2013,112:1403-1415.
[19] ANSELIN L.Spatial Econometrics:Methods and Models [J].Studies in Operational Regional Science,1988,85(411):310-330.
[20] LESAGE J P,PACE R K.Introduction to Spatial Econometrics.Crc Press,Boca Raton,Fl [J].Spatial Demography,2009,1(1):143-145.
[21] F?RE R,GROSSKOPF S,PASURKA C A.Environmental Production Functions and Environmental Directional Distance Functions [J].SSRN Electronic Journal,2007,32(7):1055-1066.
[22] 申俊,孙涵,成金华.中国城镇居民完全能源消费的空间计量分析 [J].资源科学,2016,38(3):439-449.
[23] ELHORST J P.Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models [J].International Regional Science Review,2003,26(3):244-268.
[24] 李婧,谭清美,白俊红.中国区域创新生产能空间计量分析——基于静态与动态空间面板模型的实证研究 [J].管理世界,2010(7):43-55.
[25] FAN J L,YU H,WEI Y M.Residential Energy-Related Carbon Emissions in Urban and Rural China During 1996–2012:From the Perspective of Five End-Use Activities [J].Energy & Buildings,2015,96:201-209.
[26] GELLER H,HARRINGTON P,ROSENFELD A H,et al.Polices for Increasing Energy Efficiency:Thirty Years of Experience in OECO Countries [J].Energy Policy,2006,34(5):556-573.
[27] FAN Y,LIAO H,WEI Y M.Can Market Oriented Economic Reforms Contribute to Energy Efficiency Improvement?Evidence From China [J].Energy Policy,2007,35(4):2287-2295.
[28] LEE L,YU J H.Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Panel Data Models with Fixed Effects [J].Journal of Econometrics,2010,154(2):165-185.
[29] 宋健,赵怡芳.京津冀能源消费碳排放分解比较研究 [J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018,32(2):141-148.